The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and outlines the objectives and principles of management. It describes the different sources and categories of waste and how they should be segregated in color-coded bags. Various treatment methods are covered like incineration, autoclaving, hydroclaving, microwaving, inertization, and chemical disinfection. Land disposal in dumps, landfills, or burial is also discussed. The role of nurses in ensuring proper waste handling and disposal is highlighted.

1. MRS. MERLIN DAYANA. E
BSC (N) NURSING TUTOR,
GANGA COLLEGE OF NURSING
COIMBATORE

2. Let the waste of the “sick”
not contaminate the lives
of “the healthy”

3. OUT LINE
Introduction
Definition
Objectives of Biomedical waste management
Source of health care waste
Classification of Biomedical waste management
Categories of Biomedical waste management
Segregation of waste in color coded bags
Principles of Biomedical waste management
Biomedical waste management
Role of nurse in Biomedical waste management

4. BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGMENT

5. INTRODUCTION
Biomedical waste is generated from
biological and medical sources and
activities, such as the diagnosis, prevention,
or treatment of diseases.
 Medical facilities generate waste
hazardous chemicals and radioactive
materials. While such wastes are normally
not infectious, they require proper disposal.

6. DEFINITION
Biomedical waste is defined as any
solid and/ or liquid waste, which is
generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human
beings or animals, or in research
activities or in the production or testing
of biological products.

7. COMPOSITION BMW

8. OBJECTIVES OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
To protect health, well being and
environment.
To prevent pollution
To minimize the production /
generation of Infective waste.

9. OBJECTIVES OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
To prevent general exposure to the harmful
effects of the cytotoxic, geotaxis and chemical
biomedical waste.
To prevent injury to the health care worker
and workers and workers in support services,
while handling biomedical waste
The protection of environment through
effective waste management techniques

10. SOURCEOF HEALTHCAREWASTE
Government/p
rivate
hospitals
Primary
health
centers
Dispensaries
Emergency
care facilities
Outpatient
facilities
Blood banks

11. SOURCEOF HEALTHCAREWASTE
Clinical
laboratories
Research
Laboratories
Mortuaries
Veterinarians
Nursing
home
Doctor and
dental hospital

12. CLASSIFICATIONOFBWM
Bio medical waste
NON HAZARDOUS HAZARDOUS
(75-90%) (10-25%)
INFECTIOUS (15-18%) OTHER HAZARDOUS(5-7%)
Non – sharps radioactive wastes
Sharps Discarded glass
Plastic disposables pressurized containers
Liquid wastes chemical wastes
Cytotoxic wastes
Incinerator Ash

13. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FLOW
CHART

14. CATEGORIES OF
BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
MANAGEMENT

15. Waste Categories Type of waste Examples
Category No.1 Human anatomical waste Human tissues, organs & body parts
Category No.2 Animal Animal tissues, organs & body parts
Category No.3 Microbiological Lab cultures, tissues, swabs & excreta.
Category No.4 Waste sharp Needles, syringes, scalpels, blades& glass ect..
Category No.5 Discarded medicines & cytotoxic Out dated, contaminated & Discarded medicines
Category No.6 solid waste (soiled) Blood & body fluids including cotton, dressing,
linens ect…
Category No.7 solid waste (plastic) Disposal items, other than waste sharps like,
tubing & catheters’,
Category No.8 Liquid Laboratory during washing, cleaning,
housekeeping & disinfecting activities.
Category No.9 Incineration ash Ash from Incineration
Category No.10 Chemical waste (soiled) Biological & chemicals used in disinfection &
insecticides.

16. SEGREGATIONOFWASTEINCOLOR
CODEDBAGS
Infectious
wastes,
bandages,
gauzes, cotton,
or any other
things in
contact with
body fluids,
human body
parts,
placenta.
Plastic waste
such as
catheres ,
inject ions ,
syringes ,
tubing , IV
bottles
All types of
glass bottles &
broken glass ,
articles ,
outdated &
discarded
medicines
Needles
without
syringes ,
blades , sharps
& all metal
articles.

18. PRINCIPLESOF BIOMEDICALWASTE
MANAGEMENT
Identification of generation of waste
Waste minimization & recycling of
waste
Waste segregation at source

19. PRINCIPLESOF BIOMEDICALWASTE
MANAGEMENT
Waste treatment
Waste collection and transportation ,
on site and off site.
Waste treatment on site and off site.

20. PRINCIPLESOF BIOMEDICALWASTE
MANAGEMENT
Final disposal of waste.
Occupational safety
Continuous monitoring of the system.

21. Managem
ent of
BMW
Incineration
Hydroclave
treatment
Inertizati
on

22. INCINERATION
This is high temperature
and dry oxidation
process that reduces
organic and combustible
waste and to inorganic
and noncombustible
matter and results in
significant reduction in
waste volume and
weights.

23. AUTOCLAVETREATMENT
This is a process of
steam sterilization
under pressure. It is a
low heat process in
which steam is brought
into direct contact with
the waste materials for
duration sufficient to
disinfect the material
recommended for
microbiology &
biotechnology.

24. HYDROCLAVETREATMENT
Hydroclave is an
innovative equipment
for steam
sterilization process
and can treat the
same waste as the
autoclave plus the
waste sharps. the
steam pressure (35-
36psi).

25. MICROWAVETREATMENT
Most microorganisms
are destroyed by the
action of microwave of
a frequency of about
2450MHz and a
wavelength of 12.24
cm. water is heated
with waste and then
infectious components
is destroyed by heat
conduction.

26. INERTIZATION
The process involves mixing waste with
cement and other substances before
disposal in order to minimize the risk of
toxic substances contained in the wastes
migrating into the surface water or
ground water.

27. INERTIZATION

28. INERTIZATION
• Proportion
65% waste
15% lime
15% cement
5% water

29. CHEMICALDISINFECTION
This treatment is recommented for wste
sharps , solid & liquid wastes as well as
chemical wastes. Chemical treatment
involves use of at least 1% hypochlorite
solution with a minimum contact period
of 30 minutes.

30. CHEMICALDISINFECTION

31. LANDDISPOSAL
 There are two types land disposal
 Open dumps & sanitary landfills
 Deep burial of human anatomical waste which is
accepted as an efficient disposal route if other
facilities are not available or affordable.
 Animal waste – secured landfill
 Disposal of autoclave / hydroclaved /micro waved
waste – sanitary fill.
 Disposal of incineration ash - sanitary fill
 Disposal of bio medical waste – secured fill
 Disposal of sharps - secured fill

32. LANDDISPOSAL

33. ROLEOFNURSEINBIOMEDICALWASTE
MANAGEMENT
 Regular visit to all wards and high risk units.
 Ensuring that samples are collected and dispose safely.
 Monitoring and doing safe disposal of wastes color coded.
 Prevention of hospital acquired infections by following
universal precautions.
 Use personal productive equipment while handing waste.
 Avoid needle stick injuries.
 Collect waste when the bin is 3/4th full.
 Avoid using common lift to move waste.
 Avoid spillage.
 Clean spills with disinfectant.

34. ROLEOFNURSEINBIOMEDICALWASTE
MANAGEMENT