Water Desalination conference.pptx
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This conference was presented in the faculty of applied sciences on 03rd March 2023, on occasion of the opening ceremony of a new option entitled "water Desalination" which gives an overview about the saharan groundwater. It describes the salinity of water. Also, an overview about the desalination plants of Algeria. The conference also discusses the different methods used for water desalination. It also presents the issues and drawbacks in the field of water desalination.
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Water Desalination conference.pptx
- 1. SAHARIAN GROUNDWATER & WATER DESALINATION Pr. ACHI Fethi 03 OCTOBER 2023 OVERVIEW, APPROACHES AND CURRENT PROGRESS University of KASDI-Merbah OUARGLA
- 2. GROUNDWATER • Groundwater is water that exists underground in saturated zones beneath the land surface. Groundwater is the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. ©
- 3. GROUNDWATER OUARGLA REGION • The system covers an area of over 1 million km2 including 700,000 km2 in Algeria, 80,000 km2 in Tunisia and 250,000 km2 in Libya © Zegait et al., 2021 NORTH-WESTERN SAHARA AQUIFER SYSTEM (“NWSAS”)
- 4. OUARGLA WATER DEPTH In the region of OUARGLA the water depth is between 25 m to 50 m. Some areas in Ouargla, the water depth is greater than 50 m. © Fanack Water
- 5. Area of the Aquifer System of the Northern Sahara The NWSAS covers over 1,000,000 square kilometers of which 700,000 are in Algeria, 80,000 in Tunisia, and 250,000 in Libya. © Green Prophet
- 7. Groundwater CONTAMINATION الجوفية المياه مشاكل : التلوث • The majority of groundwater contamination is the result of human activity. • Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste. • Storage Tanks. • Chemicals and Road Salts. • Drinking contaminated groundwater can have serious health effects.
- 8. GROUNDWATER DEPLETION الجوفية المياه استنزاف • Drying up of wells اآلبار جفاف. • Reduction of water in streams and lakes الجداول في المياه انخفاض والبحيرات. • Decreasing water quality المياه نوعية تدهور. • Land subsidence. األرض هبوط • Increased pumping costs الضخ تكاليف زيادة.
- 9. Water salinity SALINITY LEVEL • Fresh water (< 0.05%) < 0,05 g/l • Brackish water (0.05–3%) • Saline water (3–5%) • Brine (> 5% up to 26%–28% max) BRACKISH WATER contains between 0.5 and 30 grams of salt per liter—more often expressed as 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand (‰)
- 10. Brackish Waters المالحة المياه Brakish water Is a Mixed fresh and salt water case of Ouargla waters Brackish water is a water that is more saline than freshwater but less saline than seawater. © Line Upon Line
- 12. Why Desalination ? 1.Provides people with potable water (clean & fresh drinking water). 2.Provides water to the agricultural industry. 3.Increases water quality and promotes safety (not dangerous or hazardous to any living thing). 4.Creates sustainable freshwater supplies. 5.Cost effective. 6.Creates jobs 7. Boosts local economy . According to the world water distibution, only 3 % of water is available for drinking, the rest of 97 % is oceans. BENEFITS OF DESALINATION © General electrics
- 13. DESALINATION PROCESSES (TYPES) 1. Reverse osmosis 2. Distillation 3. Ion exchange 4. Electrodialysis Different types of desalination processes. A. E. Kabeel, Mofreh H. Hamed, Z. M. Omara, S. W. Sharshir, Natural Resources, Vol.4 No.3, 2013
- 14. Ion exchange © EnviroChemie GmbH Ion exchange water purification unit Envochem® ION
- 15. WATER DISTILLATION UNIT The brackish water is heated to the vapor phase and then condensed back to obtain purified water.
- 16. REVERSE OSMOSIS Water deslination process
- 17. SEAWATER DESALINATION PROCESS © CarlsbadDesal
- 19. Desalination plants in ALGERIA
- 20. Bateau Cassé • Capacity of production: 10 000 m3/day • Localization : Bordj El Kiffan • Start of activity : 2022 © aec.dz
- 21. Kahrama •Capacity of production : 86 880 m3/day-321Mwh © aec.dz
- 22. El Marsa •Capacity of production : 60 000 m3/day •Localization : Commune d’El Marsa (Wilaya d’Alger) •Start of activity : July 2022 © aec.dz
- 23. Mostaghanem © aec.dz •Capacity of production : 200 000 m3/day
- 24. Beni Saf •Capacity : 200 000 m3/day © aec.dz
- 25. Tenes •Capacity : 200 000 m3/day © aec.dz
- 26. El Hamma •Capacity : 200 000 m3/day © aec.dz
- 27. Fouka I •Capacity : 120 000 m3/day •Partnership : (Canada) & (Spain) © aec.dz
- 28. Corso • Capacity : 80 000 m3/day • Localization : Corso BOUMERDES • Project's start date: Janvier 2023 © aec.dz
- 29. Projects (Dessalination plants) under construction اإلنشاء قيد مشاريع
- 30. El Taref Partnership between algerian Energy Company (AEC) and Water and Environment Technologies Company (WETICO) of Saudi Arabia © aec.dz • Capacity : 300 000 m3/day
- 31. Béjaïa • Capacity : 300 000 m3/day © aec.dz
- 32. Cap Djinet II • Capacity : 300 000 m3/day © aec.dz
- 33. Fouka II •Capacity : 300 000 m3/day •Partnership : Algeria & . (Canada) & (Spain) © aec.dz
- 34. Capblanc •Capacity : 300 000 m3/day •Localization : El-Kerma Oran •Project's start date : January 2023 Thursday, 23 June 2022 Oran © aec.dz
- 35. CURRENT PROGRESS NOW, Algeria has at least 15 desalination plants in operation. Arzew, (90,000m3/day) + Cap Djinet 100,000 m3/day + Tlemcen 200,000 m3/day Tlemcen Hounaine 200,000 m3/day + Beni Saf 200,000 m3/day + Tenes 200,000 m3/day + Fouka 120,000 m3/day + Tipaza 100,000 m3/day + Skikda 100,000 m3/day + Hamma 200,000 m3/day + Mostaganem, 200,000 m3/day + 500,000 m3/day. WITH A TOTAL CAPACITY of : 2210,000 m3/day
- 36. https://www.grida.no/ DESALINATION CAPACITY BY COUNTRY in 2009 In 2023 TOTAL CAPACITY : 2210,000 m3/day In 2009 ≃1800,000 m3/day
- 37. Average daily consumption of water APPROXIMATE ESTIMATION The following consumption data sheds light on our daily relationship with water: 1. A bath: 150-300 liters 2. Shower: 50-100 liters 3. Flushing a toilet: 10 liters 4. Washing dishes by hand: 23 liters 5. Dishwasher: 20-40 liters. 6. Washing machine: 40-80 liters 7. Defrosting food under the tap: 25-25 liters 8. Leaving the water running for 1.5 minutes while you brush your teeth can use more than 18 liters. 9. Washing your car with a hose: 200-500 liters. Average consumption of water for four- Person family : 400 GALLONS = 1514.16 LITRES = 1,5 m3 /DAY
- 38. Water consumption ( OUARGLA ) Consumption 1,5 m3 X 175 000 OUARGLA Consumption 262 500 m3/day Average consumption of water for four-Person family per day : 400 GALLONS = 1514.16 LITRES = 1,5 m3 /day Estimation : In 2028 : 900 000 In 2038: 1, 200 000
- 41. 68 Water dam in ALGERIA 1 2 3
- 42. The world's largest desalination plant • Is located in Saudi Arabia (Ras Al-Khair Power and Desalination Plant) with a capacity of 1,401,000 cubic meters per day المالحــة المياه لتحــليــة العــامـة المؤسـسـة Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC
- 43. EVENTS The 4th MENA Desalination Projects Forum This forum provides insightful discussions and expert presentations Explores new and smart technologies for water Desalination This forum provides an opportunity for industry leaders and businessmen to discuss the future projects o desalination.
- 44. CONCLUSION 1. OUARGLA has a huge groundwater surface (700,000 km2 in Algeria), however, this area is threated by the Hydrocarbon pollution and not completely exploited . 2. The best water desalination technique is the reverse osmosis. 3. Algeria in the three recent years, has built large seawater desalination plants of a total capacity : 2210,000 m3/day. 4. Now, Algeria government has created the national water desalination agency (ANDE) for the organization of desalination water projects. 5. The ambition of the agency is to cover 60% of Algeria’s drinking water needs from seawater desalination by 2030.
- 45. ORGANIZER National Scientific events in water treatment and water desalination
- 46. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION اهتمامكم على لكم اًشكر
Editor's Notes
- السيد مدير جامعة قاصدي مرباح , السادة نواب مدير الجامعة, السيد مدير المدرسة الفاتحة الصحراوية, السيد نائب مدير المدرسة , السادة عمداء الكليات, السيد عميد كلية العلوم التطبيقية, السادة رؤساء الأقسام, السيد رئيس قسم هندسة الطرائق, السادة الاساتذة , الطلبة الحضور, الاسرة الاعلامية, السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته أتشرف اليوم بالقاء محاضرة على مسامعكم بعنوانSharaian groundwater & Water desalination Overview, approaches and current progress. وسألقيها باللغة الانجليزية مع ترجمة بعض المصطلحات لطلبتنا الاعزاء I am a professor ACHI Fethi from the process engineering department. I tray to describe in this conference two main subjects the first one, is saharian groundwater the second subject is the desalination process
- Groundwater is water that exists underground in saturated zones beneath the land surface. Groundwater is the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers.
- As you can see in this map, the region in bleu color is called NORTH-WESTERN SAHARA AQUIFER SYSTEM, abbreviated (“NWSAS”). We can clearly see inside the NWSAS region, the are with light blue color, this is the groundwater area of Ouargla Region.
- Also, according to the this map published by thewebsite of - Fanack Water, we can see that the water depth in the region of OUARGLA is between 25 m to 50 m. Some areas in Ouargla, the water depth is greater than 50 m.
- As described, the most part of NWSAS groundwater is in Algeria, according to the international organization of the ” Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel”, the total basin of N.W.S.A.S region is about more the
- Groundwater has several problems, the first one is contamination
- The majority of groundwater contamination is the result of human activity. Such as the Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste, the pollution of the Storage Tanks of oils, the over-use of Chemicals and Road Salts.
- The second drawback is a groundwater depletion that causes several problems like: Drying up of wells , Reduction of water in streams and lakes, Decreasing water quality, Land subsidence, Increased pumping costs.
- There are four types of water according to the salinity level. The fresh water contains less than 0.5 grams of salt per liter. The brakish water contains between 0.5 grams of salts to 30 grams per liter. Saline water cotains 3 to 5 grams of salt per liter.
- Desalination is a process by which the seawater or brackish water is converted to drinking water. The desalination is a process of removing salts and minerals from brackish water
- There are several advantages of using desalination, this process is a viable (vai·uh·bl) alternative and important to provide freshwater :
- This hierachical (hai·uh·raa·kuh·kl) diagram summarizes the different desalination methods accoridng to the type of the erergy used. The most effeicient approaches for water desalination are: Reverse osmosis Distillation Ion exchange (uhks·chaynj) Electrodialysis
- The process of ion exchange (uhks·chaynj), can efficiently removes the undesirable (uhn·duh·zai·uh·ruh·bl) ions in the water and replaced them with more acceptable ions.
- The desalination system by distillation process uses heat (often waste heat from power plants or refineries) is applied to evaporate and condense distilled water.
- The reverse osmosis process has three main steps, the first one is pre-treatment , the second is revers osmosis process with membranes. The last step consists of adding some minerals and chemicals in the treated water.
- This animation shows the main steps of DESALINATION PROCESS by reverse osmosis technique, the brackish water moves by pipes through the preatrement unit that contains sand, gravel and anthracite (type of carbon) to remove solids and small particlues. The water continue to move through the second filtration unit to remove finer particles. The treated water moves by high-pressure pumps to membranes where the reverse osmosis separation was applied. Finally, the DRINKING water was post-treated and then stored in storage tanks.
- As you can see in this illustration, According to the smart water magazine, there are appproximately 18 thousand desalination plant in the world. The best desalination method is reverse osmosis. The largest production capacity of desalinated water is led by Saoudi Arabia.
- Now, we'll see the different desalination plants in Algeria.
- The desalination plant called ( bateau cassé) localized in Bordj El Kiffan, with a total capacity of 10 000 cubic meter per day. This plant starts its activity the last year 2022.
- The desalination plant of “ Kahrama” is localized in Arzew, with a capacity of production over 80 thousand cubic meter per day. This project was constructed in collaboration with Spain.
- The desalination plant of El Marsa, with a capacity of production of 60 thousand cubic meter per day recently starts its activity (in july 2022).
- This project of desalination plant localized in Mostaghanem is also constructed in collaboration with Spain. Its total capacity of production is two hundred thousand cubic meter per day.
- Similarly, the desalination plant of Beni Saf, with a capacity of 200 000 cubic meter per day. Constructed under collaboration with Spain.
- The capacity of TENES desalination unit is also two hundred thousand cubic meter per day.
- The desalination plant of El HAMMA, is constructed in collaboration between ORASCOM Construction Algeria /and ORASCOM Construction international ,BESIX Its capacity is two hundred thousand cubic meter per day.
- The Fuka I desalination plnat is constructed by Lavalin International Inc. (Canada) & society of FOUKA (Spain). Its capacity one hundred twenty thouasand cubic meter per day.
- The desalination plant of ( Corso) localized in BOUMERDES has a capacity of 80 thouasand cubic meter per day. It starts its activity this september, a delay of 9 months but interstingly, this desalination plant of Corso is 100 % made Algeria
- Now, we see the some Dessalination plants under construction
- This desalination plant of El Taref, is a project under construction with partnership between algerian Energy Company (AEC) and Water and Environment Technologies Company (WETICO) of Saudi Arabia. The unit was localized in koudieted draouech (El Tref). With a total capacity of 300 000 cubic meter per day. This volume can serve four cities (El Tarf /souk ahras/oum el bouaghi/Annaba).
- This unit is located in Tighremt, commune de Toudja (Béjaïa) with total surface aera of : 22 ha. Its capacity of production is 300 000 cubic meter per day.
- Cap Djinet II unit constructed by ORASCOM Construction Algeria /and/ ORASCOM Construction international, BESIX. With a capacity of 300 000 cubic meter per day.
- Fouka II is under construction, Partnership between Algeria & . (Canada) & (Spain)
- As you can see in this picture, the president of the republic gives the green light, Thursday, twenty three 23 June 2022 Oran, to start the construction of the Capblanc desalination plant with a capacity of 300 hundred thousand cubic meter per day.
- Now we can The total capacity of desalination plants in Algeria is about two thousand two hundred thousand cubic meter per day.
- This diagram shows the DESALINATION CAPACITY BY COUNTRY in 2009. We can see that the total capacity of Algeria increases form eighteen hundred thousand to twenty two hundred thousand cubic meter per day. This reflect the great interest of our country for building water desalination plants.
- As we can see, the average daily consumption of water by four person family is estimated to be 400 hundred Gallons which equivalent to 1,5 cubic meter per day.
- This table shows that the population of Ouargla in 2018 is approximately 745 hundred thaousand. Then, as the average consumption of water for four-Person family per day is 1,5 m3 /day, we can conclude that the OUARGLA population can consume about two hundred sixty two thousand cubic meter per day. Hence, two desalination plants can resolve the problem of water salintiy in ouargla.
- Now, in order to give you an up-to-date about the international activities in the desalination projects. As you can see in this animation, The 4th MENA Desalination Projects Forum. Is the largest government-endorsed regional desalination conference held in Abu Dhabi. This forum provides insightful discussions and expert presentations Explores new and smart technologies for water Desalination This forum provides an opportunity for industry leaders to discuss the future projects of desalination. The next edition will held in Abu Dhabi form 4 - 5 March 2024.
- Threated (threh·tnd) Twenty Two hundred thousand