Unit testing is a practical approach to improve the quality and reliability of software. Unit testing is usually performed by programmers and is the base for all other tests such as integration testing and system testing. Unit Testing can be done manually and or automatically. The automated unit tests are written by the developers after the completion of functionality coding. The number of defects reduced when automated unit tests are written iteratively similar to test driven development. This framework proved that significant portions of windows application can be automatically tested without manual intervention. This reduces the manpower involved in testing each and every unit of the application and increases the quality of the software product. Khin Moe Sam "Unit Testing to Support Reusable for Component-Based Software Engineering" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21458.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/21458/unit-testing-to-support-reusable-for-component-based-software-engineering/khin-moe-sam
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Chapter 4 - Mobile Application Platforms, Tools and EnvironmentNeeraj Kumar Singh
This is chapter 4 of ISTQB Specialist Mobile Application Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Automated Testing: An Edge Over Manual Software Testingijtsrd
Software Testing is a process of finding errors while executing a program so that we get a zero defect software. It is aimed at evaluating the capability or usability of a program. Software testing is an important means of accessing quality of software. Complex systems are being built and testing throughout the software development cycle is valid to the success of the software. Testing is very expensive process. Manual testing involves a lot of effort, Measured in person per month. These efforts can be reduced by using the automated testing with specific tools. Jyotsna | Mukul Varshney | Shivani Garg | Abha Kiran Rajpoot"Automated Testing: An Edge Over Manual Software Testing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2232.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/2232/automated-testing-an-edge-over-manual-software-testing/jyotsna
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Chapter 4 - Mobile Application Platforms, Tools and EnvironmentNeeraj Kumar Singh
This is chapter 4 of ISTQB Specialist Mobile Application Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Automated Testing: An Edge Over Manual Software Testingijtsrd
Software Testing is a process of finding errors while executing a program so that we get a zero defect software. It is aimed at evaluating the capability or usability of a program. Software testing is an important means of accessing quality of software. Complex systems are being built and testing throughout the software development cycle is valid to the success of the software. Testing is very expensive process. Manual testing involves a lot of effort, Measured in person per month. These efforts can be reduced by using the automated testing with specific tools. Jyotsna | Mukul Varshney | Shivani Garg | Abha Kiran Rajpoot"Automated Testing: An Edge Over Manual Software Testing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2232.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/2232/automated-testing-an-edge-over-manual-software-testing/jyotsna
Not long ago, testing Ajax components meant play-testing a page by hand. Today, there are a growing number of tools we can use to simplify and automate Ajax testing.
In this session we will cover when to test, what to test and how to test Ajax components. You learn how to create automatic tests with various tools, including YUI Test, and OpenQA Selenium, and how to use Ajax testing tools with IDEs and Continuous Integration systems.
In this session, you will learn:
* When, where and how to test Ajax components;
* How to create automatic tests with various tools;
* How to use Ajax testing tools with IDEs and Continuous Integration systems.
Automated Software Testing Framework Training by Quontra SolutionsQuontra Solutions
Learn through Experience -- We differentiate our training and development program by delivering Role-Based training instead of Product-based training. Ultimately, our goal is to deliver the best IT Training to our clients.
In this training, attendees learn:
Introduction to Automation
• What is automation
• Advantages of automation & Disadvantages of automation
• Different types of Automation Tools
• What to automate in projects
• When to start automation. Scope for automation testing in projects
• About open-source automation tools
Introduction to Selenium
• What is selenium
• Why selenium
• Advantage and Disadvantages of selenium
Selenium components
• Selenium IDE
• Selenium RC
• Selenium WebDriver
• Selenium Grid
Selenium IDE
• Introduction to IDE
• IDE Installation
• Installation and uses of Firepath, Firebug & Debug bar
• Property & value of elements
• Selenium commands
• Assertions & Verification
• Running, pausing and debugging script
• Disadvantages of selenium IDE
• How to convert selenium IDE Scripts into other languages
Locators
• Tools to identify elements/objects
• Firebug
• IE Developer tools
• Google Chrome Developer tools
• Locating elements by ID
• Finding elements by name
• Finding elements by link text
• Finding elements by XPath
• Finding Elements by using CSS
• Summary
Selenium RC
• What is selenium RC
• Advantages of RC, Architecture
• What is Eclipse/IntelliJ, Selenium RC configure with Eclipse/IntelliJ
• Creating, running & debugging RC scripts
Java Concepts
• Introduction to OOPs concepts and Java
• Installation: Java, Eclipse/IntelliJ, selenium, TestNg/JUnit
• operators in java
• Data types in java
• Conditional statements in java
• Looping statements in java
• Output statements in java
• Classes & Objects
• Collection Framework
• Regular Expressions
• Exception Handling
• Packages, Access Specifiers /Modifiers
• String handling
• Log4J for logging
Selenium Web Driver with Java
• Introduction to WebDriver
• Advantages
• Different between RC and WebDriver
• Selenium WebDriver- commands
• Generate scripts in Eclipse/IntelliJ. Run Test Scripts.
• Debugging Test Script
• Database Connections
• Assertions, validations
• Working with Excel
• Pass the data from Excel
• Working with multiple browser
• Window Handling, Alert/confirm & Popup Handling
• Mouse events
• Wait mechanism
• Rich Web Handling: Calendar handing, Auto suggest, Ajax, browser forward/back navigation, keyboard events, certificate handling, event listeners
TestNg/JUnit Framework
• What is TestNg/JUnit
• Integrate the Selenium Scripts and Run from TestNg/JUnit
• Reporting Results and Analysis
• Run Scripts from multiple programs
• Parallel running using TestNg/JUnit
Automation Framework development in Agile testing
• Introduction to Frame W
Software testing is the process of executing software in a controlled manner. It is often used in association with the terms verification and validation. Verification is the checking or testing of items, including software, for conformance and consistency with an associated specification. Software testing is just one kind of verification, which also uses techniques such as reviews, analysis, inspections and walk throughs. Validation is the process of checking that what has been specified is what the user actually wanted.
White-box Testing: When Quality Really MattersTechWell
Jamie Mitchell explores perhaps the most underused test technique in our arsenal—white-box testing. Also known as structural testing, white-box requires some programming expertise, access to the code, and an analysis tool. If you only employ black-box testing, you could easily ship a system having tested only 50 percent or less of the code base. Not good! Although you might believe that the developers have performed sufficient unit and integration testing, how do you know that they have achieved the level of coverage your project requires? Jamie describes the levels of code coverage that the business and your customers may need—from statement coverage to modified condition/decision coverage. Leading you through examples of pseudocode, Jamie explains when you should strive to achieve different code coverage target levels. Even if you have no personal programming experience, understanding structural testing will make you a better tester. So, join Jamie for some code-diving!
Smoke Testing is a testing strategy that is motivated from elements testing, which assessments for the smoke from the hardware elements once the hardware’s power is turned on. In the same way in Application testing or functional testing perspective, smoke testing relates to test the standard performance of the develop.
What is Unit Testing? - A Comprehensive Guideflufftailshop
Software development involves different steps and processes, ranging from writing code and testing every function to debugging and deploying. Unit testing is an important test method used by QA teams to ensure that a software product is free of errors and meets all essential requirements.
5 Best Unit Test Frameworks to Automate Unit TestsSerena Gray
In this article, you will get to know the five best unit testing frameworks to automate unit tests. Read more https://bethwilsonuk.medium.com/5-best-unit-test-frameworks-to-automate-unit-tests-c08324d3029e
Not long ago, testing Ajax components meant play-testing a page by hand. Today, there are a growing number of tools we can use to simplify and automate Ajax testing.
In this session we will cover when to test, what to test and how to test Ajax components. You learn how to create automatic tests with various tools, including YUI Test, and OpenQA Selenium, and how to use Ajax testing tools with IDEs and Continuous Integration systems.
In this session, you will learn:
* When, where and how to test Ajax components;
* How to create automatic tests with various tools;
* How to use Ajax testing tools with IDEs and Continuous Integration systems.
Automated Software Testing Framework Training by Quontra SolutionsQuontra Solutions
Learn through Experience -- We differentiate our training and development program by delivering Role-Based training instead of Product-based training. Ultimately, our goal is to deliver the best IT Training to our clients.
In this training, attendees learn:
Introduction to Automation
• What is automation
• Advantages of automation & Disadvantages of automation
• Different types of Automation Tools
• What to automate in projects
• When to start automation. Scope for automation testing in projects
• About open-source automation tools
Introduction to Selenium
• What is selenium
• Why selenium
• Advantage and Disadvantages of selenium
Selenium components
• Selenium IDE
• Selenium RC
• Selenium WebDriver
• Selenium Grid
Selenium IDE
• Introduction to IDE
• IDE Installation
• Installation and uses of Firepath, Firebug & Debug bar
• Property & value of elements
• Selenium commands
• Assertions & Verification
• Running, pausing and debugging script
• Disadvantages of selenium IDE
• How to convert selenium IDE Scripts into other languages
Locators
• Tools to identify elements/objects
• Firebug
• IE Developer tools
• Google Chrome Developer tools
• Locating elements by ID
• Finding elements by name
• Finding elements by link text
• Finding elements by XPath
• Finding Elements by using CSS
• Summary
Selenium RC
• What is selenium RC
• Advantages of RC, Architecture
• What is Eclipse/IntelliJ, Selenium RC configure with Eclipse/IntelliJ
• Creating, running & debugging RC scripts
Java Concepts
• Introduction to OOPs concepts and Java
• Installation: Java, Eclipse/IntelliJ, selenium, TestNg/JUnit
• operators in java
• Data types in java
• Conditional statements in java
• Looping statements in java
• Output statements in java
• Classes & Objects
• Collection Framework
• Regular Expressions
• Exception Handling
• Packages, Access Specifiers /Modifiers
• String handling
• Log4J for logging
Selenium Web Driver with Java
• Introduction to WebDriver
• Advantages
• Different between RC and WebDriver
• Selenium WebDriver- commands
• Generate scripts in Eclipse/IntelliJ. Run Test Scripts.
• Debugging Test Script
• Database Connections
• Assertions, validations
• Working with Excel
• Pass the data from Excel
• Working with multiple browser
• Window Handling, Alert/confirm & Popup Handling
• Mouse events
• Wait mechanism
• Rich Web Handling: Calendar handing, Auto suggest, Ajax, browser forward/back navigation, keyboard events, certificate handling, event listeners
TestNg/JUnit Framework
• What is TestNg/JUnit
• Integrate the Selenium Scripts and Run from TestNg/JUnit
• Reporting Results and Analysis
• Run Scripts from multiple programs
• Parallel running using TestNg/JUnit
Automation Framework development in Agile testing
• Introduction to Frame W
Software testing is the process of executing software in a controlled manner. It is often used in association with the terms verification and validation. Verification is the checking or testing of items, including software, for conformance and consistency with an associated specification. Software testing is just one kind of verification, which also uses techniques such as reviews, analysis, inspections and walk throughs. Validation is the process of checking that what has been specified is what the user actually wanted.
White-box Testing: When Quality Really MattersTechWell
Jamie Mitchell explores perhaps the most underused test technique in our arsenal—white-box testing. Also known as structural testing, white-box requires some programming expertise, access to the code, and an analysis tool. If you only employ black-box testing, you could easily ship a system having tested only 50 percent or less of the code base. Not good! Although you might believe that the developers have performed sufficient unit and integration testing, how do you know that they have achieved the level of coverage your project requires? Jamie describes the levels of code coverage that the business and your customers may need—from statement coverage to modified condition/decision coverage. Leading you through examples of pseudocode, Jamie explains when you should strive to achieve different code coverage target levels. Even if you have no personal programming experience, understanding structural testing will make you a better tester. So, join Jamie for some code-diving!
Smoke Testing is a testing strategy that is motivated from elements testing, which assessments for the smoke from the hardware elements once the hardware’s power is turned on. In the same way in Application testing or functional testing perspective, smoke testing relates to test the standard performance of the develop.
What is Unit Testing? - A Comprehensive Guideflufftailshop
Software development involves different steps and processes, ranging from writing code and testing every function to debugging and deploying. Unit testing is an important test method used by QA teams to ensure that a software product is free of errors and meets all essential requirements.
5 Best Unit Test Frameworks to Automate Unit TestsSerena Gray
In this article, you will get to know the five best unit testing frameworks to automate unit tests. Read more https://bethwilsonuk.medium.com/5-best-unit-test-frameworks-to-automate-unit-tests-c08324d3029e
How to Make the Most of Regression and Unit Testing.pdfAbhay Kumar
Understanding the differences between regression testing and unit testing is paramount for maintaining the robustness of any software. Although both serve the purpose of vulnerability scanning to detect threats, they vary in terms of their test objectives, stages in the development process, and the scope of the code they cover. Let's delve into these distinctions to grasp their roles better.
Difference in Test Objectives:
- While similar, Unit and regression testing have distinct targets within your code. Unit testing, conducted by programmers, assesses individual components, validating the correct functionality of each variable, function, and object.
- On the other hand, regression testing (often termed QA testing) occurs after programmers complete work on specific features. It acts as a system-wide check, ensuring untouched components function as expected. While unit tests provide the precision of individual functions and variables, regression tests collaborate to ascertain that the entire system functions optimally.
Difference in the Development Phase:
- The timing of unit and regression tests sets them apart. Unit tests are conducted during the development phase, where developers run them after implementing changes to confirm no adverse impacts.
- Conversely, regression testing is performed before the feature's production release. It comprises unit tests, integration tests, and various other testing types. Testers are responsible for executing regression testing. Automated regression testing, a key step in continuous integration/continuous delivery, quickly detects if recent code changes have disrupted the existing code.
Difference in Code Coverage:
- A unit test concentrates on a single unit, method, or function, examining one element at a time. It doesn't account for how these units interact, necessitating integration tests. This approach provides swift feedback due to its focused testing nature.
- In contrast, regression tests validate if alterations to existing functionalities have affected other parts of the system by testing against predefined scenarios, ensuring correct integration of units. Given the comprehensive testing involved, it generally consumes more time.
Unit and regression testing are vital pillars in the software development journey. Regular execution of these tests is key to minimizing bugs and refining code quality.
Regression testing conducted post-unit testing before a software release, ensures system integrity despite changes. On the other hand, unit testing meticulously validates new functions, ensuring precise code execution.
Unit Testing vs End-To-End Testing_ Understanding Key Differences.pdfkalichargn70th171
In the complex landscape of software development, ensuring the reliability and functionality of applications is paramount. Two fundamental approaches to achieving this are unit testing and end-to-end testing. Each strategy serves a unique purpose, and together, they form the backbone of a robust software testing regime.
Software testing means to cut errors, reduce
maintenances and to short the cost of software development. Many
software development and testing methods are used from many
past years to improve software quality and software reliability. The
major problem arises in the field of software testing is to find the
best test case to performs testing of software. There are many kind
of testing methods used for making a best case. Teasing is a
important part of software development cycle .The process of
testing is not bounded to detection of ’error’ in software but also
enhances the surety of proper functioning and help to find out the
functional and non functional particularities .Testing activities
focuses on the overall progress of software.
Analysis of Emerging Automation Tools in IndustryIJAEMSJORNAL
The increasing demand of speed and accuracy for software testing in the industry requires advanced testing tools. Efficient software testing can only be done by utilizing necessary and appropriate testing methods and frameworks. High quality development can be achieved by using effective automation testing. This paper compares various software testing tools and will aid professionals and researchers in this field.
2.Android App Development_ Types of Automated Unit Tests.pdfBelayet Hossain
Both a team of automation testing android and Android developers are capable of using a variety of testing approaches. Whether creating websites or mobile apps, automated unit testing is essential. Every Android mobile app development project must start with automated unit tests for mobile apps.
https://itphobia.com/android-app-development-types-of-automated-unit-tests/
JUnit is an open source Unit Testing Framework for JAVA. It is useful for Java Developers to write and run repeatable tests. Erich Gamma and Kent Beck initially develop it. It is an instance of xUnit architecture. As the name implies, it is used for Unit Testing of a small chunk of code.
Unit Test using Test Driven Development Approach to Support Reusabilityijtsrd
"Unit testing is one of the approaches that can be used for practical purposes in improving the quality and reliability of software. Test Driven Development TDD adopts an evolutionary approach which requires unit test cases to be written before implementation of the code. TDD method is a radically different way of creating software. Writing test first can assure the correctness of the code and thus helping developer gain better understanding of the software requirements which leads to fewer defects and less debugging time. In TDD, the tests are written before the code is implemented as test first. The number of defects reduced when automated unit tests are written iteratively similar to test driven development. If necessary, TDD does the code refactoring. Refactoring does to improve the internal structure by editing the existing working code, without changing its external behavior. TDD is intended to make the code clearer, simple and bug free. This paper focuses on methodology and framework for automation of unit testing. Myint Myint Moe ""Unit Test using Test-Driven Development Approach to Support Reusability"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21731.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/21731/unit-test-using-test-driven-development-approach-to-support-reusability/myint-myint-moe"
Software testing is a main part of Software Development Life Cycle and one of the important aspects of Software Engineering. There is a wide variety of testing tools which require or not the user experience in testing software products. According to the daily use, Mobile and Web applications take the first place in development and testing. Testing automation enables developers and testers to easily automate the entire process of testing in software development saving time and costs. This paper provide a feasibility study for commercial and open source web testing tools helping developers or users to pick the suitable tool based on their requirements.
A Comparative Guide to Automation and Manual Testing.pdfkalichargn70th171
Consumers want their applications to work perfectly each time. If your app is rife with performance issues, bugs, and glitches, it can lose its user base in no time due to its flawed quality. As a result, testing your software product is imperative to ensure project teams check, verify, and validate the functionality of the developed software and deliver optimal user experiences.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit Testing to Support Reusable for Component-Based Software Engineering
1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21458 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 638
Unit Testing to Support Reusable for
Component-Based Software Engineering
Khin Moe Sam
University of Computer Studies, Thaton, Mon State; Myanmar
ABSTRACT
Unit testing is a practical approach to improve the quality and reliability of software. Unit testing is usually performed by
programmers and is the base for all other tests such as integration testing and system testing. Unit Testing can be done
manually (and/or) automatically. The automated unit tests are written by the developers after thecompletion of functionality
coding. The number of defects reduced when automated unit tests are written iteratively similar to test driven development.
This framework proved that significant portions of windows application can be automatically tested without manual
intervention. This reduces the manpower involved in testing each and every unit of the applicationandincreasesthe qualityof
the software product.
Keywords: Unit Testing, Automatic Unit Testing, And Test Driven Development.
1. INTRODUCTION
Unit Testing is a kind of white box testing where individual
units of software are tested. The intension of unit testing is
to check whether each and every unit (module)of asoftware
works as per the developer’s expectation. Unit Testing can
be done manually (and/or) automatically. UnitTestingfinds
the defects in each and every unit of the application at initial
level of testing. It increases the confidence levels of
developer by ensuring that their code is working correctly.
Unit Testing ensuresthat codeworkscorrectly andimproves
the quality, reliability and cost of the application software
development. We initially performed unit testing manually
where it was a time consuming task and hence we intend to
choose automation of unit testing. To automate unit testing,
it is necessary to write test scripts called unit tests. Once the
unit tests are available, it is easy to automatetheunittesting.
(1) The purpose is to validate that each unit of the software
performs as designed. A unit is the smallest testable part of
any software. It usually has one or a few inputs and usuallya
single output. A combination of the two or more tools can
serve to merge the best of both worlds. The result is notonly
the sum of both mechanisms, but the creation of a new
quality of testing tool with new functionalityemergingout of
the combination of the two.(3)
2. Objectives
The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program
and show that the individual parts are correct. (4)A
combination of the two can serve to merge the best of both
worlds. The result is not only the sum of both mechanisms,
but the creation of a new quality of testing tool with new
functionality emerging out of the combination of the two.
(3)(5)Unit testing is performed on thesmallestelementsof a
system; each component is tested to ensure that it properly
works. Usually it performs a single cohesive function. The
goal of unit testing is to analyze each small part of the code
and test that is working correctly. (6) The purpose is to
validate that each unit of the software performs asdesigned.
A unit is the smallest testable part of any software. It usually
has one or a few inputs and usually a single output.
(2)Benefits of writing good unit tests or unit testing:- Unit
testing supplies plentiful benefits: finding software bugs
early, simplifying integration, providing a source of
documentation, and many others, which I am going to share
in more detail: Unit testing reduces the number of bugs in
the system and acceptance testing;Costof locating andfixing
bugs in unit testing is very less as they are captured in very
early phase; Automated tests can run as frequently as
required; Unit testing makes it easier to change and refactor
the code; Unit testing can improve code design, especially
with test-drivendevelopment;Overalldevelopmenttime can
be used for unit testing; Unit tests are a form of
documentation; Unit testing improves teamwork; Code
coverage can be measured.(7)
3. Methodology
Automated unit testing helps in improving quality,
decreasing costs and reducing time required for testing.
However, all this is possible only with use of appropriate
testing tool. Following are various parameters critical to
selection of appropriate tool: Minimum implementation
time: This is possible when users are already familiar with
technology (language, method of working, integration
constraints) used by the testing tool. Additionally, extensive
documentation and support available help in reducing
implementation time. Minimum ownership and running
costs: An open source tool which is freetoaccessmaybeless
efficient and have higher operating costs. On the other hand,
a commercial tool available may require initial investment
but due to its better features might make testing efficient
and cost effective in the long run. Flexibility: Everyprojectis
unique in a certain way and has its own peculiar needs.Thus
an efficient testing tool while offeringmostrequiredfeatures
should also provide option of code modification. Further for
swift debugging, the framework should make test code
readable. (8)
The automated unit tests for any application can be written
in two ways: Before code implementation; after code
implementation. If unit tests are written before any code
implementation then it is known as Test Driven
Development. If Unit tests are written after the code
implementation then it is known as Test after Development.
(9) The best unit testing tools are NUnit, TestNG, JUnit,
JMockit, Emma, Quilt, HtmlUnit. JUnit,TestNG,NUnitarefree
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21458 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 640
[4] Kolawa, Adam; Huizinga, Dorota (2007). Automated
Defect Prevention: Best Practices in Software
Management. Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press.
p. 75. ISBN 0-470-04212-5.)
[5] johnr@infotech.monash.edu.au//
[6] https://apiumhub.com/tech-blog-barcelona/top-benefits-
of-unit-testing/
[7] By Ekaterina Novoseltseva; Jan. 18, 17 · DevOps Zone;
http://crestechglobal.com/the-importance-of-unit-
testing-in-software-testing/
[8] By Arvind Rongala,Manager, BusinessDevelopmentand
Marketing, Invensis Technologies) ;March 28, 2015
[9] A.N. Seshu Kumar and S. Vasavi; Effective Unit Testing
Framework for Automation of Windows Applications;
V.R. Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada
{seshu1203, vasavi.movva} @gmail.com
[10] Christian Wiederseiner1, Shahnewaz A. Jolly1, Vahid
Garousi1, and Matt M. skandar; AnOpen-SourceToolfor
Automated Generation of Black-BoxxUnitTestCode and
Its Industrial Evaluation; Software Quality Engineering
Research Group (SoftQual), University of Calgary,
Canada; MR Control Systems InternationalInc.,Calgary,
Canada, {christian. wiederseiner, sajolly,vgarousi}
@ucalgary .ca,matt. eskandar@mrcsi.com)