Plant quarantine involves legally restricting the movement of agricultural commodities and plants to prevent the introduction and spread of pests and diseases. It works by isolating imported plants and inspecting and treating them to ensure they are free from foreign pathogens before release. The main goals of plant quarantine are to safeguard agriculture from new pests and diseases and facilitate safe global trade by certifying plants are pest-free. It operates through domestic and international restrictions at 26 entry points in Bangladesh such as airports, seaports and land border crossings.

1. Plant Quarentine
Quarantine:
A quarantine is a restriction on movement of people or
goods so that spread of disease can be prevented.so a
period of time when a person, plant or animal that has or
may have an infectious disease must be kept away in
isolation from other.
Plant Quarantine:
❖ A legal restriction on movement of agricultural
commodities for the purpose of exclusion, prevention or
delay in the establishment of plants, disease or parasites in
the area where they are not present.
❖ Plant quarantine is a technique for insuring disease and
pest-free plants by isolating them until they are confirmed
healthy. Thus plant quarantine is designed as a safe guard
against harmful pests or pathogens exotic to a country or a
region and the newly imported plants are isolated to
ensure that they are not introducing any foreign parasites.

2. ❖ The term quarantine may refer to the quarantine station
itself, or to the process of testing and purifying the plant
material.
❖ A 40 days quarantine period is in rule for isolate
Need of Plant Quarantine:
❖ A new pest, after arrival and establishment, can rapidly
develop into destructive proportions.
❖ Because of the absence of natural enemies in the new
environment.
❖ Plant pest epidemics could result in the loss of
agricultural produce.
❖ This may adversely affects the food production or an
existing export trade.
❖ Therefore, the main aim of plant quarantine is to
prevent the entry of exotic pests into the country by
enforcing laws without which it is hard to obtain
compliance
Plant Quarantine is equipped into 3
divisions:

3. 1.Domestic quarantine:
❖ Restriction to entry of plant and plant related
material form one state to another state, which is
associated with sate machinery production.
❖ There are many infected materials which are
prohibited to transport to other state for trade and
export, like;
❖ Banana bunchy top virus
❖ Potato cyst nematodes
❖ Apple scab (JK and HP
2.International quarantine:s
❖ Legal restriction on pant and plant related
products between on e country to country to ensure
pest and diseases free materials.
Embargo:
❖ Official ban on trade or other commercial activity
with a particular country
❖ When the pest risk is very high and the safe guards
available in the country is not adequate and, therefore,
import is prohibited.
Quarantine Regulation:

4. ❖ Whatever the type of introduced plant are, i.e. seeds,
vegetables, fruits etc. bulk introductions are always risky
as thorough examination and treatment in such cases is
very difficult and planting area is far too large to prevent
the establishment and spread of the introduced
pest/disease.
❖ Based on these factors, plant quarantine regulates the
introductions as follows:
1. Complete embargo/prohibition: When the pest risk is
very high, the safeguards available in the country are not
adequate and, therefore, import is prohibited.
2. Post-entry quarantine: The risk is very high but
adequate safeguards in the form of post-entry isolation
growing facilities are available.
3. Restricted: Pest risk is not high and import permit is
required stipulating conditions for entry, inspection and
treatment.
4. Unrestricted: Import permit is not required, and
material may enter without restriction.
Inspection Procedures followed in quarantine station:

5. ❖ Visual inspection - To detect sclerotia, nematode galls,
bunt galls, smuts, insect infestations, weed seeds, insect
eggs, inert mater etc.
❖ X-ray test - Insect infestation
❖ Washing test - Spores of fungus eggs of insect
adhering to seeds, nematode galls
❖ Sedimentation test - Stem eelworm
(Ditylenchusdipsaci) (Baerman Funnel Test)
❖ Incubation test - Seed borne fungi/ bacteria
(Blotter/agar test)
❖ Grow out test - Seed borne bacteria/viruses/downy
mildews
❖ Electron microscopy - Potentially used for
identification and characterization of all plant viruses.
Plant Quarantine Treatments
1.Fumigation:
❖ Under atmospheric or under reduced pressure methyl
bromide for fruits, vegetables, plants, nuts, railroad cars,
ships, wood products, etc.

6. ❖ Other fumigants like HCN, phosphine and EDCT
(ethylene dichloride + carbon tetrachloride mixture) are
commonly used.
2. Heat treatment:
❖ Hot water treatment or hot air treatment are also used
in quarantine for eradication of insects, mites, nematodes,
fungi, bacteria and viruses.
❖ The basic principle treatment temperature should be
sufficiently high to kill the associated pest/pathogen but
not the host.
❖ Against nematodes: Flower buds, 44° C for 240 min;
chrysanthemum, 48° C for 25 min; potato tubers, 45° C
for 5 min;
❖ Against insects and mites: strawberry runners, 46° C
for 10 min;
3.Cold treatment:
❖ Atmospheric cold plasma jet is capable of disinfecting
fungus infected plant leaves and controlling the spread of
infection.
4.Chemical treatment:

7. ❖ Chemicals may be applied as dust, slurry, spray or as
dip.
❖ Dosages of chemicals should be enough to eradicate
the inoculums but should not kill the host.
❖ Chemical should not be hazardous to personal
handling the treated seeds.
5.Tissue culture:
❖ Tissue culture technique reduces the pest/pathogen
introduction risk in two ways:
(i) Since the introductions are represented by meristem
tips, excised buds or embryos the size of infection is very
much reduced.
(ii) the aseptic plantlet system has built-in pest/pathogen
detection capability
Importance of plant quarantine
❖ Presently plant quarantine is essentially a legally based
defense system against new arrivals of exotic organisms
called pests or pathogens that compete with human beings
for food, shelter, and health or otherwise threaten human
comfort and welfare.

8. ❖ A number of foreign pests entered subcontinent in the
early twenties because of inadequate quarantine control.
❖ The significance of Plant Quarantine has increased in
view of Globalization and liberalization in International
trade of plants and plant material in the wake of Sanitary
and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement under WTO (World
Trade Organization).
❖ By regulating/restricting the import of plants/plant
products Pant quarantine process prevent the introduction
and spread of exotic pests that are destructive to crops.
❖ It facilitate safe global trade in agriculture by assisting
the producers and exporters by providing a technically
competent and reliable phytosanitary certificate system to
meet the requirements of trading partners.
❖ Pathogens of minor consequence in their native
environments may be destructive in a new environment so
by isolating the plant for a certain period fresh disease
free plants are ready.
❖ Plant Quarantine is vital to prevent the introduction of
non-indigenous pests and diseases into a country, or to

9. intercept and eradicate them before they can be
widespread and well-f established.
plant quarantine system in Bangladesh
May 11, 2011) The Bangladeshi Parliament passed the
Plant Quarantine Act 2011 on March 20, 2011. This
Law provides for the controlled export and import of
plants, microbes, and soil. It strengthens the authority of
the government to take steps to prevent the introduction
of alien insects and diseases into the country.
plant quarantine stations are available
in Bangladesh
Including six new land border check posts, at
present 26 plant quarantine stations are functioning in the
following entry points of Bangladesh.
List of Point of Entry Points:
Plant quarantine services in Bangladesh have been
running by the Plant quarantine Section which belongs to
Plant Protection Wing of DAE under the Ministry of
Agriculture. Plant Quarantine Section is headed by
Deputy Director (Plant Quarantine). He is assisted by

10. Plant Pathologist, Quarantine Pathologists, Quarantine
Entomologist, Plant Quarantine Inspectors and the junior
technical and supporting staff. Including six new land
border check posts, at present 26 plant quarantine stations
are functioning in the following entry points of
Bangladesh.
A Category: Airports (03 nos.)
1.Hazrat Shah Jalal International airport,
Dhaka
2.Shah Amanat International Airport,
Chittagong
3.Osmani International Airport,
Sylhet
Seaports (02 nos.)
4. Chittagong Seaport
5.Mongla Seaport
6.Payra Seaport
Land ports (07 nos.)
7. Benapole, Jessore

11. 8. Burimari, Lalmonirhat.
9. Teknaf, Cox's Bazar
10. Akhaura, Brammanbaria
11. Hilli, Dinazpur
12. Bhomra, Satkhira.
13. Sonamosjid, Chapinababgonj
B Category 01. Nayrangang Riverport
02. Darshana, Chuadanga
03. Rohan pur, Raishshi
04. Bangla Bandha, Panchagarh
05. Jakiganj, Sylhet
06. Tamabil, Sylhet.
07. Bibirbazar, Comilla