Post-entry plant quarantine (PEQ) is a measure used to prevent the introduction and spread of plant pests and diseases into a country or region. It involves the inspection, testing, and treatment of imported plants and plant products to ensure that they are free from pests and diseases. PEQ is typically conducted at designated quarantine stations, which are facilities that are equipped to isolate and inspect imported plants. The length of time that plants are held in quarantine depends on the type of plant and the risk of pests or diseases. PEQ can be an effective way to prevent the introduction of new pests and diseases into a country or region. However, it can also be a costly and time-consuming process. Here are some of the benefits of post-entry plant quarantine: * It can help to prevent the introduction of new pests and diseases into a country or region. * It can help to protect existing plant industries from pests and diseases. * It can help to maintain the health of the environment. Here are some of the challenges of post-entry plant quarantine: * It can be costly to implement and maintain. * It can be time-consuming to inspect and test imported plants. * It can be difficult to ensure that all imported plants are properly inspected and tested. Despite the challenges, post-entry plant quarantine is an important tool in the fight against plant pests and diseases. It can help to protect plant industries, the environment, and human health. Here are some examples of plant pests and diseases that can be prevented by post-entry plant quarantine: * **Pests:** Insects, mites, nematodes, and other organisms that can damage plants. * **Diseases:** Fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases that can infect plants. * **Weeds:** Plants that can compete with crops and spread pests and diseases. Post-entry plant quarantine is an important part of a comprehensive plant protection program. By combining PEQ with other measures, such as inspection at ports of entry, certification, and eradication, it is possible to reduce the risk of plant pests and diseases and protect plant industries and the environment. Post-entry plant quarantine refers to the measures and procedures implemented after plants, plant products, or plant materials have entered a new country or region. The purpose of post-entry plant quarantine is to prevent the establishment and spread of potentially harmful pests and diseases that might have been inadvertently introduced during international trade or travel

1. QUARANTINE AND
POST-ENTRY QUARANTINE

2. QURANTINE
• The term ‘Quarantine’ means simply forty i.e., 40 days period is
derived from Italian word “quarantena or quarantaine”
• Plant Quarantine’ refers to the holding of plants in isolation until they
are believed to be healthy. Now, broader meaning of the plant
quarantine covers all aspects of the regulation of the movement of
living plants, living plant parts/plant products between politically
defined territories or ecologically distinct parts of them.
• Intermediate quarantine and post entry quarantine are used
respectively to denote the detention of plants in isolation for
inspection during or after arrival at their final destination.

3. PLANT QUARANTINE
• A legal restriction on movement of agricultural commodities (living
plants and plant parts) for the purpose of exclusion, prevention or
delay in the establishment of plants, pests and diseases in the area
where they are not present

4. WHY QUARANTINE IS NECESSARY…?
• A new pest, after arrival and establishment, can rapidly develop into
destructive proportions
• Because pf the absence of natural enemies in the new environment
• Plant pest epidemics could result in the loss of agricultural produce
• Present day plant quarantine is essentially a legally based defense
system against new arrivals of exotics organism called pest that
compete with human beings for food, shelter, and health or
otherwise threaten human comfort and welfare.

5. IMPORTANCE OF PLANT QUARANTINE
• Plant quarantine activities in India are carried out under the
Destructive Insects and Pests Act (DIP Act) of 1914 as amended from
time to time
• A number of foreign pest and entered subcontinent in early twenties
because of inadequate quarantine control
• Prohibiting the import of plants and plant material, insects, fungi, and
weeds to India from foreign countries
• Rules and regulations have been made prohibiting the movement of
certain diseased and pest infected materials from one state to
another state

6. IMPORTANCE OF PLANT QUARANTINE
• The significance of plant quarantine has increased in view of
Globalization and Liberalization in International trade of plants and
lant material in the wake of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)
agreement under WTO ( World Trade Organization).
• Prevent the introduction and spread of exotic pest that are
destructive to crop by regulation/restricting the import of plants/
plant products
• To facilitate safe global trade in agriculture by assisting the producers
and exporters by providing a technically competent and reliable
phytosanitary certificate system to meet the requirements of trading
partners

7. IMPORTANCE OF PLANT QUARANTINE
• Pathogens of minor consequence in their native environment may be
destructive in a new environment
• Plant quarantine is vital to prevent the introduction of non-
indigenous pests and diseases into a country, or to intercept and
eradicate them before they can be widespread and well- established

8. POST-ENTRY QUARANTINE(PEQ)
• Quarantine applied to a consignment after entry
• Post-entry plant quarantine refers to the measures and procedures
implemented after plants, plant products, or plant materials have
entered a new country or region.
• The purpose of post-entry plant quarantine is to prevent the
establishment and spread of potentially harmful pests and diseases
that might have been inadvertently introduced during international
trade or travel.
• PEQ is defined as growing of imported plants and plant materials (
seed, bulbs, rhizomes etc.) in confinement for a specified period of
time in glass house or screen house or poly house or any facility or
isolated field or an off shore island that is established in accordance
with guidelines/ standards and are duly approved and certified by an
inspection authority notified under plant quarantine after reached
destination

9. OBJECTIVES OF POST ENTRY
QUARANTINE
1. Detection and identification: Plants and plant materials entering a
new country or region are thoroughly inspected, and samples may be
collected for laboratory analysis to detect any potential pests or
diseases that may not have been detected during pre-entry
inspections.
2. Isolation and containment: If any harmful pests or pathogens are
found, the affected plants or plant materials are isolated and contained
to prevent their spread to other plants or the natural environment.
3. Risk assessment: Authorities conduct risk assessments to evaluate
the potential impact of any detected pests or diseases on the local
agricultural and ecological systems.

10. OBJECTIVES OF POST ENTRY
QUARANTINE
4. Treatment and eradication: In some cases, treatments may be
applied to eliminate or control the detected pests or diseases.
Eradication measures are taken to ensure that the introduced pests or
diseases do not become established in the new area.
5. Monitoring and surveillance: Post-entry plant quarantine includes
ongoing monitoring and surveillance to detect any potential outbreaks
or signs of established pests or diseases in the region.
6. Education and public awareness: Raising awareness among the
public, importers, and travelers about the importance of complying
with plant quarantine regulations can help prevent the accidental
introduction and spread of pests and diseases.

11. POST-ENTRY QUARANTINE(PEQ)
• Growing of plants in isolation for any specified period in a glass house
and a facility area or nursery approved by plant protection adviser
• Plants and planting materials should be grown in post entry
quarantine facilities designed by the inspection authority to get
permit for distribution across nation
• Some pathogens survive as symptomless carrier or latent infection in
seeds it is very difficult to find with visual observation, PEQ provides
time to identify pathogens and eliminate them
• PEQ supervise the import of plant and plant materials and kept for
isolation so that disease and pest can be easily detected

12. POST-ENTRY QUARANTINE(PEQ)
• After supervision in PEQ facilities disease free seeds are certified by
inspection authority under plant protection adviser, in case any disease or
pest found they can uproot and destroyed
• Disease and pest free seeds are permitted to distributed across the nation
• The screening may be done by visual inspection, labour investigation,
fumigation/ chemical treatments and grow out tests.
• Post- entry quarantine may have different degree of security to deal with
different levels of risk
High security- special secure facilities with diagnostics & destruction equipment and
Medium security- facilities which are audited by NPPO ( National plant protection
organization)

13. • National bureau of plant genetic resources (NBPGR) is the nodal
agency in India deals with exchange (export and import ) of
germplasm
1946- ministry of Food and Agriculture
Central Directorate Of Plant Protection, Quarantine, & Storage

14. PLANT QUARANTINE LAWS
S.no Year laws
1 1914 DIP Act -Destructive Insects and Pests Act
2 1951 UP Locust Destruction Act- by UP Govt
3 1954 UP Agricultural disease and pest Bill by UP Govt
4 1961 Plant Introduction Division established in IARI
5 2003 Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India)
Order

15. Disease Causal organism Year Introduced from
Coffee leaf rust Hemileia vastatrix 1879 Sri Lanka
Late blight of potato Phytophthora
infestans
1883 Europe
Downy mildew of
grapes
Plasmopara viticola 1910 Europe ( France )
Downy mildew of
cucurbits
Peronosclerospora 1918 Sri Lanka
Flag smut of wheat Urocystis tritici 1906 Australia

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