quarantine of insect pests

1. Sandeep Paweriya
2020A94M
dspaweriya@hau.ernet.in
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

2.  Quarantine means to keep material in isolation to prevent the
spread of diseases, etc. Present in them to other materials.
 Materials that are suspected to be contaminated are fumigated
or are given other treatments to free them from contamination.
If necessary, the material are grown in isolation for
observation of diseases, insect pest & weeds.
 The entire process is known as quarantine.
INTRODUCTION

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4. Rules & acts related to quarantine
• The rules prescribing the quarantine is termed as
quarantine rule.
• According to “destructive inspects and pest act,
1914” all plants imported in India must be free from
disease, insect pest & weeds.
• At present the plant quarantine (regulations of import
into India) order 2004 which came into force on April
2004, is operative.
• This order has been revised in the light of ‘ New
policy on seed development’ (1988) & the WTO
agreement. 4

5. Quarantine regulations
• Plant quarantine regulations are promulgated by the national and the
state governments to prevent the introduction and spread of harmful
pests and pathogens. Plant quarantine will be justified only when the pest
has no natural means of spread. Based on these factors, plant quarantine
regulates the introductions as follows:
• 1. Complete embargo/prohibition: When the pest risk is very high, the
safeguards available in the country are not adequate and, therefore,
import is prohibited.
• 2. Post-entry quarantine: The risk is very high but adequate safeguards in
the form of post-entry isolation growing facilities are available.
• 3. Restricted: Pest risk is not high and import permit is required stipulating
conditions for entry, inspection and treatment.
• 4. Unrestricted: Import permit is not required, and material may enter
without restriction.
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6. Main activities of plant
quarantine
• Tracing, identification and control of quarantine pests.
• Pest risk analysis, evaluation and determination of quarantine
conditions for imported and transit plant shipments.
• Inspection, sampling, testing and undertaking quarantine
regulations on imported and transit agricultural shipments.
• Supervision and undertaking post-entry quarantine
regulations on plants which are subject to the regulations.
• Inspection, sampling, testing and issuing phytosanitary
certificate for exporting plant consignments.
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7. Major activities
• Inspection of imported agricultural commodities for preventing the
introduction of exotic pests and diseases inimical to Indian Fauna and
Flora
• Inspection of agricultural commodities meant for export as per the
requirements of importing countries under International Plant Protection
Convention (IPPC)
• Detection of exotic pests and diseases already introduced for containing/
controlling them by adopting domestic quarantine regulations.
• Undertaking Post Entry Quarantine Inspection in respect of identified
planting materials.
• Conducting the Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) to finalise phytosanitary
requirements for import of plant/plant material.
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8. Domestic quarantine
• Rules and regulations issued prohibiting the movement of
diseases and their host from one state to another in India is
called domestic quarantine.
• Plant quarantine activities in India are carried out under the
Destructive Insects and Pests Act (DIP Act)of 1914, and the
rules and regulations framed (Anonymous,framed from time
to time there under by the Govt. Of India (Anonymous, 1975).
Seed was not covered under the1975).
• Seed was not covered under the DIP Act until 1984, when the
Govt. Of India brought forward a comprehensive’Plants and
Fruits and Seeds (Regulation of Import into India) Order 1984’
which came into force in June 1985 (Anonymous, 1985)
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9. International quarantine
• QUARANTINE International Standards for Phytosanitary
Measures are prepared by the Secretariat of the International
Plant Protection Convention as part of the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization’s global programme of
policy and Organization’s technical assistance in plant
quarantine.
• This programme technical assistance in plant quarantine. This
programme makes available to FAO Members and other
interested parties these standards, guidelines and
recommendations to achieve international harmonization of
phytosanitary measures, with the aim to facilitate trade and
avoid the use of unjustifiable measures as barriers to trade.
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10. Plant quarantine stations in India
• There are 35 Plant quarantine Stations at different
Airports, Seaports and Land frontiers implementing
the Plant Quarantine regulations. Main station with
modern technology are:
• Airport:- Bombay, Culcutta, Madras, New delhi, and
Tiruchurapally.
• Sea port:- Bombay, Culcutta, Vishakhapatnam,
trivendram, MadrasMadras
• Land frontiers:- Hussainiwala (Firozpur, Punjab)
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13. Guidelines for germplasm import
• Guidelines for Import of Germplasm
1) Import from a country where the pathogen(s) is absent.
2) Import from a country with an efficient plant quarantine
service, so that inspection and treatment is done.
3) Obtain Planting material from the safest known source within
the selected country.
4) Obtain non-treated seeds so that detection of seed borne
pathogens is facilitated.
5) Obtain clean, healthy-looking seeds of type of impurities.
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14. Continue...
6) Obtain an official certificate of freedom from pests and
diseases from the exporting country.
7) Import the smallest possible amount of planting material; the
smaller the amount, the less the chance of its carrying infection.
It will also simplify post entry inspection.
8) Inspect material carefully on arrival and treat.
9) If other precautions are not adequate, subject the material to
intermediate or post entry quarantine.
10) Salvage infected seeds
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15. Quarantine restrictions in
movement of agriculture produce
• All plants on arrival at port, shall be inspected and if
necessary fumigated, disinfested or disinfected
• Plants and seeds which require post-entry quarantine
inspection shall be grown in post-entry quarantine facilities
• Import of hay or straw or any material of plant origin used for
packing is prohibited.
• Import of soil, earth, compost, sand, plant debris along with
plants, fruits and seeds is prohibited.
• Note: Cut flowers, garlands, bouquets, fruits and vegetables
weighing less than 2 kg for personal use may be imported
without a permit or phytosanitary certificate, but are subject
to inspection.
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16. Special Conditions for Certain
Notified Plants
Prohibited Plant Species
• The list of prohibited plant species from specified countries
covered under Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into
India) Order, 2003 (PQ Order) giving justification for
prohibitions is reproduced in Schedule-IV.
Restricted Plant Species
• List of plants/ plant materials import of which are restricted
and permissible only by authorized institutions specifying
various additional declarations is reproduced in Schedule-V.
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17. Continue...
• Plants Permitted Import With Specific Additional
Declarations
• A list of plant species, for which the PPA prescribes
additional declarations and special conditions, are
reproduced in Schedule-VI. Besides, this a list of
plant species for consumption purpose is reproduced
in Schedule-VII.
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18. Timeline for plant quarantine activities for
import of plant and planting materials
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19. Timeline for plant quarantine activities for
Export of plant and planting materials
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20. Conclusion
• The PQ measures acts as an important tool in
excluding pests and diseases from the crop.
Effective implementation of quarantine is
highly emphasized for management of pests
and diseases, which in turn helps in
maintaining the productivity of crops
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21. SYMBOL OF TRUST