This needs assessment study examined alcohol and substance use among 249 older adults participating in a senior center program. The key findings were:
1) Nearly 20% of participants reported problematic alcohol or substance use, with 3.4% engaging in hazardous drinking according to their AUDIT scores.
2) Higher AUDIT scores, indicating more alcohol use, were associated with greater depression, psychological distress, lower well-being and self-control.
3) The study reinforces previous research on substance use issues among older adults and highlights the need to address this problem in urban, low-income populations.
Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and co...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Recent longitudinal study. No mention of fasd or prenatal / pre conceptual alcohol consumption.
If the conclusions are correct how much more do they apply to the fetus, newborn and adolescent/
Substance Abuse among Adolescents: 1. Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Use ...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and PracticeCenter on Addiction
These slides accompany CASAColumbia's report, Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and Practice, published in June 2012, which found that, despite the prevalence of addiction, the enormity of its consequences, the availability of effective solutions and the evidence that addiction is a disease, both screening and early intervention for risky substance use are rare, and only about 1 in 10 people with addiction involving alcohol or drugs other than nicotine receive any form of treatment.
Crimson Publishers-Alcohol Abstinence and Relapse in ALD Patients, Predicting...CrimsonGastroenterology
Alcohol Abstinence and Relapse in ALD Patients, Predicting the Unpredictable by Neeraj Nagaich in Gastroenterology Medicine & Research: Liver Disease
Objectives: Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder. Alcoholism is common, and continues to be the source of great cost to afflicted individuals, their families and the community at large. Alcohol dependence is characterized by a prolonged course of alcohol-related problems and a persistent vulnerability to relapse. Even though there is an improvement in multiple domains of life after alcohol treatment, the risk of relapse remains high following treatment. This prospective and retrospective study of 451 patients with alcohol use disorders was done with an intent to assess various factors affecting remission and relapse and improve outcome for individuals with alcohol dependence. Demographic variables, clinical parameters and certain psychosocial factors were evaluated. Early identification of risk factors may help us in defining a more rigorous follow up protocol in these sub group of patients.
Method: Patients with ethanol related liver disease and alcohol dependence were enrolled after their presentation in gastroenterology clinic and followed thereafter at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Initial assessments included USG abdomen LFT RFT, UGI Endoscopy and other relevant investigations. Semi structured clinical interviews, the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL90-R), Addiction Severity Index (ASI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were recorded. High-Risk Alcoholism Relapse Scale based score was calculated.2Patients were reassessed at six and twelve months to determine treatment outcome (abstinence status and duration of continuous abstinence). Data were coded, validated and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: A majority of the sample 70 percent (n=315) had significant psychiatric symptoms at intake: 22 percent (N=70) presented with depressive symptoms, 17 percent (N=15) with anxiety symptoms, and 41 percent (N=192) with combined depressive and anxiety symptoms. Forty percent of patients who presented with combined depression and anxiety symptoms were abstinent at six months. These patients had worse prognosis than less symptomatic cohort at intake, including those who presented with depression symptoms alone; in the latter group, 60 percent were abstinent at six months. Key predictor variables included days in treatment, primary drug of abuse, frequency of drug use, and report of concurrent depression or anxiety symptoms at intake.
Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and co...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Recent longitudinal study. No mention of fasd or prenatal / pre conceptual alcohol consumption.
If the conclusions are correct how much more do they apply to the fetus, newborn and adolescent/
Substance Abuse among Adolescents: 1. Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Use ...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and PracticeCenter on Addiction
These slides accompany CASAColumbia's report, Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and Practice, published in June 2012, which found that, despite the prevalence of addiction, the enormity of its consequences, the availability of effective solutions and the evidence that addiction is a disease, both screening and early intervention for risky substance use are rare, and only about 1 in 10 people with addiction involving alcohol or drugs other than nicotine receive any form of treatment.
Crimson Publishers-Alcohol Abstinence and Relapse in ALD Patients, Predicting...CrimsonGastroenterology
Alcohol Abstinence and Relapse in ALD Patients, Predicting the Unpredictable by Neeraj Nagaich in Gastroenterology Medicine & Research: Liver Disease
Objectives: Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder. Alcoholism is common, and continues to be the source of great cost to afflicted individuals, their families and the community at large. Alcohol dependence is characterized by a prolonged course of alcohol-related problems and a persistent vulnerability to relapse. Even though there is an improvement in multiple domains of life after alcohol treatment, the risk of relapse remains high following treatment. This prospective and retrospective study of 451 patients with alcohol use disorders was done with an intent to assess various factors affecting remission and relapse and improve outcome for individuals with alcohol dependence. Demographic variables, clinical parameters and certain psychosocial factors were evaluated. Early identification of risk factors may help us in defining a more rigorous follow up protocol in these sub group of patients.
Method: Patients with ethanol related liver disease and alcohol dependence were enrolled after their presentation in gastroenterology clinic and followed thereafter at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Initial assessments included USG abdomen LFT RFT, UGI Endoscopy and other relevant investigations. Semi structured clinical interviews, the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL90-R), Addiction Severity Index (ASI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were recorded. High-Risk Alcoholism Relapse Scale based score was calculated.2Patients were reassessed at six and twelve months to determine treatment outcome (abstinence status and duration of continuous abstinence). Data were coded, validated and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: A majority of the sample 70 percent (n=315) had significant psychiatric symptoms at intake: 22 percent (N=70) presented with depressive symptoms, 17 percent (N=15) with anxiety symptoms, and 41 percent (N=192) with combined depressive and anxiety symptoms. Forty percent of patients who presented with combined depression and anxiety symptoms were abstinent at six months. These patients had worse prognosis than less symptomatic cohort at intake, including those who presented with depression symptoms alone; in the latter group, 60 percent were abstinent at six months. Key predictor variables included days in treatment, primary drug of abuse, frequency of drug use, and report of concurrent depression or anxiety symptoms at intake.
Relationship Between Drugs and Health Workers - Sample Essaya1customwritings
A1CustomWritings.com are experienced in all academic levels of assignments and in any academic fields, the team of experts of our custom essay writing service have the ability to help you with any requirements of your essay. Our team takes pride in the quality of work provided to our customers and we pledge to do whatever it takes to ensure you receive a paper of only the highest quality.
Adolescent Substance Use: America’s #1 Public Health ProblemCenter on Addiction
These slides accompany the CASAColumbia report, Adolescent Substance Use: America's #1 Public Health Problem (http://www.casacolumbia.org/addiction-research/reports/adolescent-substance-use), which reveals that adolescence is the critical period for the initiation of substance use and its consequences. The CASA report finds 1 in 4 Americans who began using any addictive substance before age 18 are addicted, compared to 1 in 25 Americans who started using at age 21 or older.
This essay is prepared with an aim to investigate into the difficulties arises while dealing
with alcoholic patients in primary care in Europe. In this context, the researcher will evaluate the
issues concerned with doctors in tackling the psychological character of alcoholic patients.
Moreover, the discussion will provide how doctors motivate such patient to recover from their
lethal conditions. In spite of declining in the wine-producing nations, Europe remains the
province on the globe with largest production as well as consumption of alcoholic beverages
along with commensurately more levels of harm related to alcohol. In the survey of North
America it was found that over 4.5% of women and 23% of men are involved in the alcohol use
or dependence throughout their lifetime. The country is about the middle of the worldwide
league of intoxicating consumption. Thus, in all European Union’s member states the alcoholic
harms are considered as a major public health problem. The use of alcohol and its harm are
increasing sharply in the some recently independent regions of Eastern Europe.
Presented by
Salim Chowdhury, MD - Community Care
Curtis Upsher, Jr. MS - Director Community Relations - Community Care
Medicine, Culture, and Spirituality Conference
September 9, 2011
NBCC, NAADAC, CAADAC, CBBS, Florida approved continuing education series in mental health, substance abuse and dual disorders counseling for nurses, counselors, therapists, social workers and addictions professionals.
Harm reduction is an approach to addiction treatment that offers an alternative to abstinence-based programs. Harm reduction operates on the idea that lives can be improved and perhaps saved by substituting a less-harmful substance for one that is more dangerous to the substance user and those around them.
With no lethal dose, and a variety of pain-relieving and possibly euphoric properties, cannabis can be a valuable harm reduction tool for those struggling with alcohol and drug dependencies. Learn more about the history, benefits and drawbacks of a harm reduction approach to addiction that views cannabis as a gateway to improved quality of life.
Illegal Drug Problem in the City of Ormoc As Perceived By User and Non-User R...inventionjournals
The study was conducted primarily to: describe the socio-demographic characteristics of user and non-user respondents; determine the reasons for engaging in illegal drugs among user respondents; document local and national ordinances enacted against illegal drug users; and identify the programs implemented by government and non-government organizations to make the City of Ormoc a drug-free community. The results of the study revealed that the mean age of the illegal drug users was 22 years old. Majority of them were males whose income fell below P10,000.00 in the form of allowance. They were aware of the illegality of the drugs used. Marijuana was the dominant drug abused. Influence of Peers and Curiosity were the topmost reasons why they got into drugs due to misinformation and assurance from friends who claim to have enjoyed the experience as perceived by the respondents. Among the National and Local Ordinances enacted against illegal drugs users in the City of Ormoc were: the implementation of RA 9165 – Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002; LOI 36/97: ALPHA BANAT (Barangay Against Narcotics Abusers and Traffickers) and Information dissemination of the ill effects of drugs through the Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Counsel (BADAC).
Selected Psychological and Social Factors Contributing to Relapse among Relap...inventionjournals
Drug abuse is a major global problem and in Kenya there has been increasing drug and alcohol abuse with serious negative effects. Treatment and rehabilitation of alcoholism is expensive and non-conclusive due to consequent relapse. This study sought to find out selected psychological and social factors contributing to relapse among recovering alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya. This study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised of all relapsed alcoholics and rehabilitation counsellors in Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya. A sample of 67 recovering alcoholics and 13 counsellors was drawn from the two purposively selected rehabilitation centres and used in the study. The study used two sets of questionnaires, one for relapsed alcoholics and another for rehabilitation counsellors. The questionnaires were piloted to validate and establish its reliability before the actual data collection. Data was collected through administration of two sets of questionnaires to the selected respondents. The data was then processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for windows. The key findings of this study indicated that the selected psychological factor that mostly contributed to relapse was dwelling on resentment that causes anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict. The social factor that mostly contributed to relapse was hanging around old drinking friends. The key conclusion was that in view of selected factors dwelling on resentment that causes anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict was the major contributor to relapse. The research findings may benefit NACADA, Ministry of Public Health, mental health agencies, psychologists, counsellors, Non-Governmental organizations, policy makers, researchers, drug abusers and alcoholics in Kenya to better understand factors contributing to relapse and devise ways and means of reducing relapse. Based on the major findings of this study, it is recommended that all stakeholders undertake measures aimed at providing a solution to continued relapse of alcoholics by improvement of rehabilitation and follow-up programmes.
The Importance of Identifying Characteristics Underlyingthe .docxrtodd33
The Importance of Identifying Characteristics Underlying
the Vulnerability to Develop Alcohol Use Disorder
Ismene L. Petrakis, M.D.
The article by Gowin et al. (1), in this issue of the Journal,
describes a study evaluating characteristics that represent
risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorder. The
authors carefully examined a large sample of healthy social
drinkersusingan innovative laboratoryparadigmandfoundthat
family history of alcoholism, male sex, and impulsivity—when
combined—were associated with high rates of binge drinking
during the laboratory paradigm.This study documents different
patterns of alcohol exposure within individual drinking ses-
sions. The findings suggest that those with characteristics as-
sociatedwith a higher risk of developing alcohol use disorder
experiencedhigheralcoholexposurewithinsessions.Theau-
thors conclude that young social drinkers at risk for alcohol
usedisorderhavemarkedly different patternsof drinking and
encourage the evaluation of bingedrinking in clinical settings as
a potential indicator of vulnerability to alcohol use disorder.
This study is quite timely, and its publication for a wide
psychiatric audience is important given the recently docu-
mentedincrease intheprevalenceofalcoholusedisorder.Over
the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in rates of
alcohol use, high-riskdrinking, and alcohol-related conditions
(2).Thisdespite scientificadvances intheunderstandingof the
underlying neurobiology (3), genetics (4), and treatment of
alcohol use disorder (5). The high rates of consumption with
the resultant medical consequences and socioeconomic cost re-
present a public health crisis. Thefinding that high-risk drinking
is on the rise suggests that understanding factors that influence
problematic drinking patterns and targeting high-risk groups
should be a priority for health care professionals.
The present study does exactly that. It extends the exist-
ing literature about risk factors associated with vulnerability
for alcohol use disorder. The risks of developing alcohol use
disorder include a strong family history of alcoholism (6), sex
(6), and impulsivity (7). Research on understanding the
mechanisms of these underlying risks has focused on altered
subjective response to alcohol in the laboratory, for example,
basedon familyhistory (8), impulsivity (9), andgenotype (10).
Nevertheless, conflicting results have been reported (11), and
discrepant hypotheses on the relationship of subjective re-
sponse to family history have been proposed (8). In addition,
it is hard to control for other factors, and some studies have
suggested that drinking history, rather than family history,
is the important factor determining alcohol response and
subsequent risk (12). Furthermore, subjective response may
or may not lead to differences in drinking patterns outside of
laboratory settings.
This study extends previous findings in two important
ways. First of all, the authors have sim.
Relationship Between Drugs and Health Workers - Sample Essaya1customwritings
A1CustomWritings.com are experienced in all academic levels of assignments and in any academic fields, the team of experts of our custom essay writing service have the ability to help you with any requirements of your essay. Our team takes pride in the quality of work provided to our customers and we pledge to do whatever it takes to ensure you receive a paper of only the highest quality.
Adolescent Substance Use: America’s #1 Public Health ProblemCenter on Addiction
These slides accompany the CASAColumbia report, Adolescent Substance Use: America's #1 Public Health Problem (http://www.casacolumbia.org/addiction-research/reports/adolescent-substance-use), which reveals that adolescence is the critical period for the initiation of substance use and its consequences. The CASA report finds 1 in 4 Americans who began using any addictive substance before age 18 are addicted, compared to 1 in 25 Americans who started using at age 21 or older.
This essay is prepared with an aim to investigate into the difficulties arises while dealing
with alcoholic patients in primary care in Europe. In this context, the researcher will evaluate the
issues concerned with doctors in tackling the psychological character of alcoholic patients.
Moreover, the discussion will provide how doctors motivate such patient to recover from their
lethal conditions. In spite of declining in the wine-producing nations, Europe remains the
province on the globe with largest production as well as consumption of alcoholic beverages
along with commensurately more levels of harm related to alcohol. In the survey of North
America it was found that over 4.5% of women and 23% of men are involved in the alcohol use
or dependence throughout their lifetime. The country is about the middle of the worldwide
league of intoxicating consumption. Thus, in all European Union’s member states the alcoholic
harms are considered as a major public health problem. The use of alcohol and its harm are
increasing sharply in the some recently independent regions of Eastern Europe.
Presented by
Salim Chowdhury, MD - Community Care
Curtis Upsher, Jr. MS - Director Community Relations - Community Care
Medicine, Culture, and Spirituality Conference
September 9, 2011
NBCC, NAADAC, CAADAC, CBBS, Florida approved continuing education series in mental health, substance abuse and dual disorders counseling for nurses, counselors, therapists, social workers and addictions professionals.
Harm reduction is an approach to addiction treatment that offers an alternative to abstinence-based programs. Harm reduction operates on the idea that lives can be improved and perhaps saved by substituting a less-harmful substance for one that is more dangerous to the substance user and those around them.
With no lethal dose, and a variety of pain-relieving and possibly euphoric properties, cannabis can be a valuable harm reduction tool for those struggling with alcohol and drug dependencies. Learn more about the history, benefits and drawbacks of a harm reduction approach to addiction that views cannabis as a gateway to improved quality of life.
Illegal Drug Problem in the City of Ormoc As Perceived By User and Non-User R...inventionjournals
The study was conducted primarily to: describe the socio-demographic characteristics of user and non-user respondents; determine the reasons for engaging in illegal drugs among user respondents; document local and national ordinances enacted against illegal drug users; and identify the programs implemented by government and non-government organizations to make the City of Ormoc a drug-free community. The results of the study revealed that the mean age of the illegal drug users was 22 years old. Majority of them were males whose income fell below P10,000.00 in the form of allowance. They were aware of the illegality of the drugs used. Marijuana was the dominant drug abused. Influence of Peers and Curiosity were the topmost reasons why they got into drugs due to misinformation and assurance from friends who claim to have enjoyed the experience as perceived by the respondents. Among the National and Local Ordinances enacted against illegal drugs users in the City of Ormoc were: the implementation of RA 9165 – Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002; LOI 36/97: ALPHA BANAT (Barangay Against Narcotics Abusers and Traffickers) and Information dissemination of the ill effects of drugs through the Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Counsel (BADAC).
Selected Psychological and Social Factors Contributing to Relapse among Relap...inventionjournals
Drug abuse is a major global problem and in Kenya there has been increasing drug and alcohol abuse with serious negative effects. Treatment and rehabilitation of alcoholism is expensive and non-conclusive due to consequent relapse. This study sought to find out selected psychological and social factors contributing to relapse among recovering alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya. This study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised of all relapsed alcoholics and rehabilitation counsellors in Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya. A sample of 67 recovering alcoholics and 13 counsellors was drawn from the two purposively selected rehabilitation centres and used in the study. The study used two sets of questionnaires, one for relapsed alcoholics and another for rehabilitation counsellors. The questionnaires were piloted to validate and establish its reliability before the actual data collection. Data was collected through administration of two sets of questionnaires to the selected respondents. The data was then processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for windows. The key findings of this study indicated that the selected psychological factor that mostly contributed to relapse was dwelling on resentment that causes anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict. The social factor that mostly contributed to relapse was hanging around old drinking friends. The key conclusion was that in view of selected factors dwelling on resentment that causes anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict was the major contributor to relapse. The research findings may benefit NACADA, Ministry of Public Health, mental health agencies, psychologists, counsellors, Non-Governmental organizations, policy makers, researchers, drug abusers and alcoholics in Kenya to better understand factors contributing to relapse and devise ways and means of reducing relapse. Based on the major findings of this study, it is recommended that all stakeholders undertake measures aimed at providing a solution to continued relapse of alcoholics by improvement of rehabilitation and follow-up programmes.
The Importance of Identifying Characteristics Underlyingthe .docxrtodd33
The Importance of Identifying Characteristics Underlying
the Vulnerability to Develop Alcohol Use Disorder
Ismene L. Petrakis, M.D.
The article by Gowin et al. (1), in this issue of the Journal,
describes a study evaluating characteristics that represent
risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorder. The
authors carefully examined a large sample of healthy social
drinkersusingan innovative laboratoryparadigmandfoundthat
family history of alcoholism, male sex, and impulsivity—when
combined—were associated with high rates of binge drinking
during the laboratory paradigm.This study documents different
patterns of alcohol exposure within individual drinking ses-
sions. The findings suggest that those with characteristics as-
sociatedwith a higher risk of developing alcohol use disorder
experiencedhigheralcoholexposurewithinsessions.Theau-
thors conclude that young social drinkers at risk for alcohol
usedisorderhavemarkedly different patternsof drinking and
encourage the evaluation of bingedrinking in clinical settings as
a potential indicator of vulnerability to alcohol use disorder.
This study is quite timely, and its publication for a wide
psychiatric audience is important given the recently docu-
mentedincrease intheprevalenceofalcoholusedisorder.Over
the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in rates of
alcohol use, high-riskdrinking, and alcohol-related conditions
(2).Thisdespite scientificadvances intheunderstandingof the
underlying neurobiology (3), genetics (4), and treatment of
alcohol use disorder (5). The high rates of consumption with
the resultant medical consequences and socioeconomic cost re-
present a public health crisis. Thefinding that high-risk drinking
is on the rise suggests that understanding factors that influence
problematic drinking patterns and targeting high-risk groups
should be a priority for health care professionals.
The present study does exactly that. It extends the exist-
ing literature about risk factors associated with vulnerability
for alcohol use disorder. The risks of developing alcohol use
disorder include a strong family history of alcoholism (6), sex
(6), and impulsivity (7). Research on understanding the
mechanisms of these underlying risks has focused on altered
subjective response to alcohol in the laboratory, for example,
basedon familyhistory (8), impulsivity (9), andgenotype (10).
Nevertheless, conflicting results have been reported (11), and
discrepant hypotheses on the relationship of subjective re-
sponse to family history have been proposed (8). In addition,
it is hard to control for other factors, and some studies have
suggested that drinking history, rather than family history,
is the important factor determining alcohol response and
subsequent risk (12). Furthermore, subjective response may
or may not lead to differences in drinking patterns outside of
laboratory settings.
This study extends previous findings in two important
ways. First of all, the authors have sim.
Alcohol misuse and older people- Conor Breen, CARDIRoger O'Sullivan
Many public health campaigns on the misuse of alcohol are aimed at younger age groups. However, there is evidence that alcohol misuse is increasing in people over the age of 65. For a variety of reasons, alcohol misuse among these older people may go unnoticed (Department of Work and Pensions, 2013).
This edition of the CARDI “Focus on . . .” series looks at alcohol misuse among older people across the island of Ireland and asks if more could be done in policy and social work terms to address the associated health and welfare issues among older age groups.
Fitness/Substance Abuse
Do Alcohol Consumers Exercise More? Findings
From a National Survey
Michael T. French, PhD; Ioana Popovici, PhD; Johanna Catherine Maclean, MA
Abstract
Purpose. Investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and physical activity
because understanding whether there are common determinants of health behaviors is critical in
designing programs to change risky activities.
Design. Cross-sectional analysis.
Setting. United States.
Subjects. A sample of adults representative of the U.S. population (N 5 230,856) from the
2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Measures. Several measures of drinking and exercise were analyzed. Specifications included
numerous health, health behavior, socioeconomic, and demographic control variables.
Results. For women, current drinkers exercise 7.2 more minutes per week than abstainers.
Ten extra drinks per month are associated with 2.2 extra minutes per week of physical activity.
When compared with current abstainers, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers exercise 5.7,
10.1, and 19.9 more minutes per week. Drinking is associated with a 10.1 percentage point
increase in the probability of exercising vigorously. Ten extra drinks per month are associated
with a 2.0 percentage point increase in the probability of engaging in vigorous physical activity.
Light, moderate, and heavy drinking are associated with 9.0, 14.3, and 13.7 percentage point
increases in the probability of exercising vigorously. The estimation results for men are similar to
those for women.
Conclusions. Our results strongly suggest that alcohol consumption and physical activity are
positively correlated. The association persists at heavy drinking levels. (Am J Health Promot
2009;24[1]:2–10.)
Key Words: Health Behavior, Lifestyle, Alcohol, Exercise, Health
Consciousness, Sensation Seeking, Prevention Research. Manuscript format:
research, Research purpose: modeling/relationship testing, Study design:
nonexperimental, Outcome measure: physical activity, behavioral, Setting: state/
national, Health focus: fitness/physical activity, Strategy: skill building/behavior
change, Target population age: adult, Target population circumstances:
education/income level and race/ethnicity
PURPOSE
The epidemiologic literature has
firmly established that certain lifestyle
health-related choices are associated
with an elevated risk of morbidity and
mortality.1–3 Excessive alcohol con-
sumption, physical inactivity, smoking,
and unhealthy dietary practices ac-
count for a large proportion of pre-
ventable chronic diseases and deaths in
the United States. However, the precise
association between these behaviors is
still the subject of longstanding debate.
There are reasons to believe that
health behaviors may not be indepen-
dent of each other. One view purports
that individuals’ motivation to prevent
disease or improve health could cause
the clustering of health behaviors.4 In
other words, health consciousness
could l.
Brains on Drugs - This paper looks into the processes related to drugs and be...DuncanMstar
Alcohol drug abuse is a systematic drinking problem that causes both social and health issues. However, alcoholism or alcohol dependence is a disease depicted by unusually high alcohol thirst behavior that results in loss of judgment through over drinking
Closing the treatment gap in alcohol dependence thessalonika 2015Antoni Gual
Lecture on the treatment gap (underdiagnose & undertreatment) of alcohol use disorders. Presented at the 5th Conference of the Greek Psychiatric society in Thessalonika, march 21st, 2015.
The prevalence of the alcohol and drugs abuse is notably more than cancer and heart disease collectively in the US cost $328billion a year (2005)
Research has observed that despite additions treatment, most addicts do not seek medical attention.
Two main factors are attributed to this fact;
Limited access
Uncoordinated system of care. Causing relapse after detoxification
BEAUTIFUL CHURCH ___________________ SIX STEPS TO.docxJASS44
BEAUTIFUL
CHURCH
___________________
SIX STEPS
TO VIBRANT CHURCH GROWTH
“How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news, who proclaim peace,
who bring good tidings, who proclaim salvation, who say to Zion, Your God reigns!”
Isaiah 52:7 (NIV)
RON DOTZLER
STEP 1
GOD’S HEART FOR THE
UNCHURCHED
AND HOW THE CHURCH MUST RESPOND
STEP 1
CHAPTER ONE
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF CHURCH
HIS BEAUTIFUL CHURCH TRANSFORMING A BROKEN WORLD
“The local church is the hope of the world.”1
Wow.
This truth resonated in my heart from the moment I first heard it stated at a leadership conference.
I wanted to believe in the incredible power and potential of the local church to reach a lost and
broken world, but I knew the hard facts—the church in the USA was experiencing significant
decline. I knew we could do better, but the answers eluded me.
“There’s nothing like the local church when the local church is working right.”2
Again, my spirit soared. The church could change the world if it was working right.
Bill Hybels, the speaker, gave language to what I was feeling for years as a pastor in my church. The
local church, in its imperfect earthly form, is still the hope of the world. While all of eternity hangs
in the balance, God still sees his beautiful bride as carriers of his salvation message to a broken, lost
and hurting world.
I love the local church, and I’m convinced that church vibrancy and conversion growth matters. In
my 28 years of ministry, my prayer has been for God to unleash the power of the local church to
fulfill the kingdom mission to impact those far from Christ. God’s heart is pleased when he sees his
beautiful church transforming a broken world.
A FAULTY CHURCH MODEL
Several years ago, I attended a conference hosted by a prominent church. The helpful workshops
left me excited to implement all I’d learned when I returned home. Without warning, one of the
speakers from Europe shocked me when he predicted a sharp decline in attendance of the North
American church. His announcement left me reeling.
I leaned back in my chair, trying to process his statement. Why did this pastor have such a grim view
of the church? How could he be so bold as to make such a negative futuristic claim?
Constance
Highlight
Without missing a beat, the pastor asked a very intriguing question: why had the church in
Europe died, no longer exerting influence in society? With no real answers, he explained how
the church in Europe had a faulty church model which the States inherited. This faulty model
was incomplete in its ability to reach and receive lost people. If the church in North America
didn’t make changes, he claimed, it would soon mirror the European church—empty, lifeless
and no longer relevant.
My heart sank. I didn’t want to believe his disheartening view. Yet his projection stuck with me, pressing me to work
against the tide when I saw evidence over the years that his prediction was comi ...
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the.docxJASS44
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the uses and applications of applied behavioral science as discussed by your classmate. Ask questions that might help to further your understanding of the applications of applied behavioral science and take the discussion to a deeper level. Do you agree with your peer’s rationale as to how a forensic psychologist might help? Why, or why not? What other similarities and differences might you share about the actual work of forensic psychologists and the way it is presented in popular media such as television and the movies?#1Candace Lyons
WednesdayJan 17 at 2:44pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Briefly describe this person/character, including the medium (real life, television, movie, book, etc.) from which he or she comes, why you selected him or her, his or her background, and the background of the crimes he or she committed.
Aileen Wuornos was a real-life female serial killer. As a child, her father was convicted of sexually abusing children and killed himself in prison. At one point he was diagnosed as schizophrenic. Wuornus was abandoned by her mother at four years old and forced to live with her abusive grandparents. After having a baby at 14 she was kicked out of her grandparent’s home and lived on the streets as a prostitute. Wuornos was convicted of six life sentences for killing men she accused of either raping her or attempting to rape her.
Based on your reading this week, define, in your own words, forensic psychology as a specific example of applied behavioral science, and describe how forensic psychology could have been helpful in this case.
“Forensic psychology is a field of study that applies scientific psychological knowledge to legal issues pertaining to criminal offenders and the criminal justice system. Identify trends in forensic psychology that would prove helpful” (McCarthy et al, 2016, section 6.1). I would define it as the application and education of reliable scientific psychology in the criminal justice system. Forensic psychologist can evaluate human behaviors and based on scientifically reliable assessments determine the dangerousness to a person’s self or society at large. The can also look for common diagnosis to determine if a person is fit to stand trial. In the case of Wuornus, a forensic psychologist could have examined her RAP sheet to determine if she was a threat to society. She was arrested for several crimes, including armed robbery and assault. In the biosocial age, criminologist now have access to genetic and brain imaging data. I think it would have been worth assessing her for schizophrenia. She stated that the men she killed either raped her or attempted to rape her until she was executed. Paranoia is common in schizophrenics and some believed she was convinced that she was raped or about to be raped. In her mind the murders were justified.
Discuss why profiling is or is not a science.
Profiling can never be an exact science because of complexit ...
Be sure that your report answers the following questions 1. W.docxJASS44
Be sure that your report answers the following questions:
1. WHAT BOOK did you read (give a full bibliographic citation)? (attach after report as an appendix)
2. What HAPPENED in this book? You should be able to describe some particulars such as when did the fire occur, what type of structure was it, how severe was it – basically telling the story of the fire. Also, think about the kinds of destruction that are described - where was there significant damage, and why? (1.5 pages max)
3. Can you CONFIRM that the author is accurate? You will want at least two other sources (only one of which is internet based) that will allow you to opine on whether the author(s) of your book got the big picture, and some specific details, correct. (mixed into the text, not a separate section)
4. How did the built environment influence survival in positive AND NEGATIVE ways? Were there people who owed their survival to elements of the built environment? How so (specific examples)? Were there people who put their faith in elements of the built environment to tragic effect (specific examples)? How did the cultural systems of the day, perhaps as reflected by government agencies or institutions, influence the outcome? Be sure to describe any specific, physical features of the built environment that were directly related to the ability of people to survive the fire, and any specific cultural features that had similar impact.
5. Would a similar structure built today potentially suffer the same fate? Did the fire lead to any changes in either physical or cultural features in buildings built afterwards? Are you safer in buildings now (give specific reasons).
6. Did YOU like this book? Would you recommend it to others? Produce a review of it as an object of entertainment, perhaps using a review of a book in a magazine or newspaper as an example. (0.5 page max)
The overall report will be 5-6 pages in length, not counting any cover, table of contents, or appendices. You should use space-and-a half, 12 point font, 1 inch margins all around. Number your pages. Spelling, grammar, presentation will be graded.
ANTICIPATED RUBRIC:
0 – The report is turned in later than the assigned due date/time.
F (59 and below) – The report is not turned in, is turned in after the due date/time, or is turned in before the due date/time without answering the guiding questions in a way that they can be found. There is little evidence that the writer read the assignment. The report is written in an unprofessional tone and/or with so many errors in English spelling and grammar, and/or in fact, that it cannot be understood. The writer makes no effort to help the reader find things with things such as an accurate table of contents, section headings, etc.
D (60-69) – The report is turned in before the due date/time. Of the guiding questions, only 1 is answered clearly and well, in a way that it can be found. The report is mostly written in a professional tone, with many error ...
Be sure your paper touches on the key elements of each as they per.docxJASS44
Be sure your paper touches on the key elements of each as they pertain to your organization.
Please make sure: Please include paraphrased citations and references for each. The instructor do not allow direct quotes. If no minimum is listed. Cite consistently throughout each paragraph to support your points. Also be sure to double-space and indent paragraphs. I do not require an abstract. The instructor would like to see an introduction, body and conclusion within your papers. If you need help please see the example APA paper on my writing help page.
Next explain what you will do to help ensure your change efforts don’t fade when you have accomplished your goals. How will you help prevent burn out? How will you help maintain the change once it’s implemented? You may find page 157 helpful in reviewing the key points of what to do and not do when not letting up on the change effort. Be sure your paper touches on the key elements of each as they pertain to your organization.
Be sure to include at least three scholarly references to support your assertions written in your own words. Do not copy word for word from the course text or any other sources. Your submission this week is Part 7 of the final project.
The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded:
· Write between 1,000 – 1,500 words (approximately 4 – 6 pages) using Microsoft Word in APA style.
· Use font size 12 and 1” margins.
· Include cover page and reference page.
· At least 80% of your paper must be original content/writing.
· No more than 20% of your content/information may come from references.
· Use an appropriate number of references to support your position, and defend your arguments. The following are examples of primary and secondary sources that may be used, and non-credible and opinion based sources that may not be used.
·
1. Primary sources such as, government websites (United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Census Bureau, The World Bank, etc.), peer reviewed and scholarly journals in EBSCOhost (Grantham University Online Library) and Google Scholar.
2. Secondary and credible sources such as, CNN Money, The Wall Street Journal, trade journals, and publications in EBSCOhost
3. Non-credible and opinion based sources such as, Wikis, Yahoo Answers, eHow, blogs, etc. should not be used.
· Cite all reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) in the paper and list on a reference page in APA style.
Be sure your paper touches on the key elements of each as they pertain to your
organization.
Please make sure:
Please include paraphrased citations and references for each
.
The
instructor
do not allow direct quotes. If no minimum is listed
.
Cite consistently
throughout each paragraph to support your points.
Also be sure to double
-
space and
indent paragraphs.
I do not require an abstract. The instructor
would like t
o see an
introduction, body and conclusion within ...
Beasts of No Nation EssayTimelineWeek of April 10-13 Watch .docxJASS44
Beasts of No Nation Essay
Timeline:
Week of April 10-13: Watch Beasts of No Nation during class periods.
Mon. April 17: First Draft of Film Paper Due
Week of April 17-20 : One-on-One conferences about the
paper.
Tues. April 25: Final Draft of Film Essay due in D2L dropbox.
Directions:
Choose ONE of the following questions and write a well-planned out, coherent essay that argues a point that you want to make about the movie.
1. How does the film address the question of what “family” means?
2. How does the film address the idea of putting one’s trust in God?
3. How does the film show how a young child can be recruited into the military?
4. How does the film treat the subject of resistance against an unjust military government?
Just a reminder of what a good essay consists of, the essay should contain:
1. A nice introductory paragraph that “leads in” to your thesis statement. Your thesis statement should not be the first sentence of the essay.
2. A clear and precise thesis statement that will alert the reader what the essay is going to be about.
3. A good, strong topic sentence in each paragraph, usually the first sentence of the paragraph.
4. Enough development in each paragraph to fully support the main point (aka topic sentence).
5. A conclusion that either summarizes the main points of the essay or emphasizes the very important point(s).
I WOULD NOT RECOMMEND VISITING A WEBSITE LIKE WIKIPEDIA OR SPARKNOTES. I ESPECIALLY WOULD NOT RECOMMEND THAT STUDENTS VISIT ANY WEBSITE WHERE THEY CAN PURCHASE PAPER WITH A CREDIT CARD. Students who visit these websites looking for ideas tend to accidentally plagiarize the sites in their papers. Accidental plagiarism is still plagiarism and will receive the same zero that plagiarizing on purpose gets.
WHAT I EXPECT FROM THIS ESSAY
1. I want this essay to be an analysis of The Hunger Games. I DO NOT WANT A PLOT SUMMARY. Notice that every sample question that I provided for you above required some sort of deep thinking and analysis. Your essay should show such analytical ability.
2. Your paper should be foregrounded in LOGOS, not ethos or pathos. You may use some ethos or pathos if it helps you to make your point, but the dominant mode of persuasion that you should be using in this paper is logos.
3. DO NOT USE PURE SPECULATION! Always back your assertions up with evidence from the movie.
4. Use specific details. Do not be vague.
RUBRIC
I will be scoring your essay based upon the following criteria:
Formatting (6 points)
Your essay should formatted in MLA format. Use the Formatting a Paper in MLA Format link in the MLA Formatting folder under Course Content to learn how to format a paper properly. One point will be counted off for each of these that are not done properly:
· 12 point font
· Times New Roman font
· Paper margins 1” around (this one should be easy since it’s the default on Word, therefore not requiring any changes
· Double Spacing
· No extra space bet ...
BCJ 4385, Workplace Security 1 UNIT IV STUDY GUIDE I.docxJASS44
BCJ 4385, Workplace Security 1
UNIT IV STUDY GUIDE
Information, Communications, and
Computer Security
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Examine the function of information security management and how it
plays a role in assessing vulnerabilities to critical information.
2. Analyze various information protection strategies and how these can
play a role in the prevention of cybercrimes.
3. Outline strategies for safeguarding information including the protection
strategies of physical security, administrative controls, and logical
controls.
Unit Lesson
General Overview
Information is an asset for organizations that exists in various forms (critical,
propriety, intellectual, and digitized). Thus, securing the various forms of
information are priorities for organizations. Laws such as the Fair Credit
Reporting Act were created to help protect information from improper use, but
such measures are insufficient in providing the level of protection needed to
secure organizational information.
Organizations use various tools and strategies to ensure information security
(INFOSEC) which is the protection of “information assets and systems against
any internal or external threat that might endanger them” (Ortmeier, 2013,
p.135). INFOSEC risk assessments and analyses are conducted to identify the
threats against organizational information that may exist and information
protection strategies are implemented to protect against and respond to the
identified threats. Protection strategies range from control strategies
(discretionary access control, mandatory access control: hierarchical and
non-hierarchical, operations security) to personnel security (information
protection-related agreements) which includes information security legislation
(e.g., National Security Decision Directive 298), classification systems for
business information (e.g., sensitive compartmented information protocols),
information security policies, and copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
Communication security (COMSEC) is important for any information transmitted
regardless of the medium (e.g., voice, electronic, impulses, microwave, etc.).
Computer security is concerned with information accessible through computers.
Maintaining computer security is a complicated task because information can be
accessed locally and remotely through numerous means. The term cybercrime
was coined to identify the crimes that are associated with using the internet to
illegally gain access to information that is used in crimes (e.g., hacking, email
wiretappings, phishing, and vishing).
Thus one can image that one of the greatest challenges related to computer
security is securing computer databases from internal and external threats.
Government agencies have added issues of protection threats against their
agencies and their personnel. To aid all organizations in maintaining co ...
BCJ 4385, Workplace Security 1 UNIT II STUDY GUIDE T.docxJASS44
BCJ 4385, Workplace Security 1
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Threats and Legal Aspects to Security
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Evaluate threats to safety and security within the private, corporate, and
local level.
2. Analyze the legal issues present within the private security profession
and the court of law.
3. Outline various crime causation theories and how this impacts
workplace security.
Unit Lesson
General Overview
Have you ever entered an area or a building and immediately felt as if you were
in imminent danger? Do you remember that feeling you get in your chest and gut
when you almost slip and fall on the wet tile floor in your house? Alternatively,
have you entered a building and felt like you were trying to enter an armory?
Have you ever been stopped in an arena or airport or even a shopping mall and
asked to provide your bag for searching? You’ve probably answered yes to at
least one of these questions. We have all, whether we realize it or not,
experienced threats to our safety and security and benefited from the legal
aspects of safety that help provide ethical standards and expectations for the
maintenance of safety.
Threats to safety and security can be intentional or unintentional and, as such,
have numerous sources. These sources range from accidents and human error,
to natural and environmental disasters, to civil disorder and crime. For example,
identity theft is a major concern since much of the commerce transactions are
now done online. Oftentimes the theft is a result of human error, such as not
shredding documents that contain personal information or not using a secure
web browser to conduct transactions. Human error is also exhibited when
employees do not properly handle merchandise, resulting in its theft, damage, or
lack of repair. Natural disasters are said to be a direct result of “the forces of
nature.” We often see natural disasters in the form of forest fires, earthquakes,
and tsunamis. On the other hand environmental disasters are the result of
hazardous materials being released into the environment. These types of
disasters are the result of some type of hazardous materials being released in
larger amounts into the environment (e.g., oil spill, leakage of nuclear reactors).
Fire and environmental disasters are examples of how the sources of the threats
to security and safety can be hard to identify and/or intertwined. A fire can be
started by lightning, it can result from human error that causes a spark (e.g., a
loose metal chain being dragged across concrete at high speeds), or it can result
from intentional criminal behavior, in which an arsonists sets a fire to cause
widespread damage. An environmental disaster, such as an oil spill, may have
resulted from an accident, such as two ships colliding or some mechanical
failure. Environmental disasters can also be the result of companies ...
Be sure to read Chopins Desirees Baby very carefully.Its un.docxJASS44
Be sure to read Chopin's "Desiree's Baby" very carefully.
It's unclear whether Armand first learns about his ethnic heritage when he reads his mother's letter (at the conclusion of the story), or if he had discovered this truth at an earlier time (before he reads the letter).
Question: Did he know or did he not know about his ancestry before the story's conclusion? Explain your answer thoughtfully, using quoted language from the story to effectively support your answer.
Désirée’s Baby
by Kate Chopin
As the day was pleasant, Madame Valmondé drove over to L’Abri to see Désirée and the baby.
It made her laugh to think of Désirée with a baby. Why, it seemed but yesterday that Désirée was little more than a baby herself; when Monsieur in riding through the gateway of Valmondé had found her lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar.
The little one awoke in his arms and began to cry for “Dada.” That was as much as she could do or say. Some people thought she might have strayed there of her own accord, for she was of the toddling age. The prevailing belief was that she had been purposely left by a party of Texans, whose canvas-covered wagon, late in the day, had crossed the ferry that Coton Maïs kept, just below the plantation. In time Madame Valmondé abandoned every speculation but the one that Désirée had been sent to her by a beneficent Providence to be the child of her affection, seeing that she was without child of the flesh. For the girl grew to be beautiful and gentle, affectionate and sincere,—the idol of Valmondé.
It was no wonder, when she stood one day against the stone pillar in whose shadow she had lain asleep, eighteen years before, that Armand Aubigny riding by and seeing her there, had fallen in love with her. That was the way all the Aubignys fell in love, as if struck by a pistol shot. The wonder was that he had not loved her before; for he had known her since his father brought him home from Paris, a boy of eight, after his mother died there. The passion that awoke in him that day, when he saw her at the gate, swept along like an avalanche, or like a prairie fire, or like anything that drives headlong over all obstacles.
Monsieur Valmondé grew practical and wanted things well considered: that is, the girl’s obscure origin. Armand looked into her eyes and did not care. He was reminded that she was nameless. What did it matter about a name when he could give her one of the oldest and proudest in Louisiana? He ordered the corbeille from Paris, and contained himself with what patience he could until it arrived; then they were married.
Madame Valmondé had not seen Désirée and the baby for four weeks. When she reached L’Abri she shuddered at the first sight of it, as she always did. It was a sad looking place, which for many years had not known the gentle presence of a mistress, old Monsieur Aubigny having married and buried his wife in France, and she having loved her own land too well ever to leave it. The roof came down steep ...
BBA 3301 Unit V AssignmentInstructions Enter all answers dire.docxJASS44
BBA 3301 Unit V Assignment
Instructions: Enter all answers directly in this worksheet. When you are finished, select Save As, and save this document using your last name and student ID as the file name. Upload the data sheet to Blackboard as a .doc, .docx or .rtf file when you are finished.
Question 1. (30 points total) Use this balance sheet and income statement from Carver Enterprises to complete parts a and b:
a. (15 points) Prepare a common size balance sheet for Carver Enterprises. Complete the common-size balance sheet: (Round to one decimal place.)
Common−Size Balance Sheet
2013
Cash and marketable securities
$
490
%
Accounts receivable
5,990
Inventories
9,550
Current assets
$
16,030
%
Net property plant and equipment
17,030
Total assets
$
33,060
%
Accounts payable
$
7,220
%
Short−term debt
6,800
Current liabilities
$
14,020
%
Long−term liabilities
7,010
Total liabilities
$
21,030
%
Total owners’ equity
12,030
Total liabilities and owners’ equity
$
33,060
%
b. (15 points) Prepare a common-size income statement for Carver Enterprises. Complete the common-size income statement: (Round to one decimal place.)
Common−Size Income Statement
2013
Revenues
$
30,020
%
Cost of goods sold
(19,950)
Gross profit
$
10,070
%
Operating expenses
(7,960)
Net operating income
$
2,110
%
Interest expense
(940)
Earnings before taxes
$
1,170
%
Taxes
(425)
Net income
$
745
%
Question 2. (10 points total) Use this data table of Campbell Industries liabilities and owners' equity to complete parts a and b.
a. (5 points) What percentage of the firm's assets does the firm finance using debt (liabilities)? (Round to one decimal place.)
b. (5 points) If Campbell were to purchase a new warehouse for $1.3 million and finance it entirely with long-term debt, what would be the firm's new debt ratio? (Round to one decimal place.)
Question 3. (10 points total) (Liquidity analysis)Airspot Motors, Inc. has $2,433,200 in current assets and $869,000 in current liabilities. The company's managers want to increase the firm's inventory, which will be financed using short-term debt. How much can the firm increase its inventory without its current ratio falling below 2.1 (assuming all other assets and current liabilities remain constant)? (Round to one decimal place.)
Question 4. (10 points total) (Efficiency analysis)Baryla Inc. manufactures high quality decorator lamps in a plant located in eastern Tennessee. Last year the firm had sales of $93 million and a gross profit margin of 45 percent.
a. (5 points) How much inventory can Baryla hold and still maintain an inventory turnover ratio of at least 6.3 times? (Round to one decimal place.)
b. (5 points) Currently, some of Baryla's inventory includes $2.3 million of outdated and damaged goods that simply remain in inventory and are not salable. What inventory ratio must the good inventory maintain in order to achieve an overall turnover ratio of at least 6.3 (including the ...
BBA 3361, Professionalism in the Workplace 1 Course Desc.docxJASS44
BBA 3361, Professionalism in the Workplace 1
Course Description
Presents an overview of the challenges associated with workplace expectations regarding business etiquette, appropriate
use of technology, and proper attire. It is designed to assist students in gaining knowledge of how to appropriately
communicate with others and how to effectively deal with conflict, teamwork, and accountability in a fair and ethical
manner. The basic skills necessary for obtaining a job and achieving success in today’s challenging economy and
increasingly competitive work environment are enhanced through this course.
Course Textbook
Anderson, L. E., & Bolt, S. B. (2016). Professionalism: Skills for workplace success (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Course Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. Evaluate the effect of attitude, personality, and goal setting on work performance development.
2. Describe the impact of time management in the workplace.
3. Explain the meaning of ethical behavior in the workplace.
4. Analyze the advantages to an organization offering quality customer service and human resources.
5. Analyze techniques used to promote effective communication, accountability, and positive relationships within the
workplace.
6. Explain the dynamics of teamwork, to include motivation, conflict resolution, and leadership.
7. Construct a resume package that demonstrates methods for highlighting job-related skills.
8. Critique interview techniques.
Credits
Upon completion of this course, the students will earn three (3) hours of college credit.
Course Structure
1. Study Guide: Each unit contains a Study Guide that provides students with the learning outcomes, unit lesson,
required reading assignments, and supplemental resources.
2. Learning Outcomes: Each unit contains Learning Outcomes that specify the measurable skills and knowledge
students should gain upon completion of the unit.
3. Unit Lesson: Each unit contains a Unit Lesson, which discusses lesson material.
4. Reading Assignments: Each unit contains Reading Assignments from one or more chapters from the textbook
and/or outside resources. Chapter presentations are provided in each unit study guide as Required Reading to
aid students in their course of study.
5. Suggested Reading: Suggested Readings are listed in each unit’s study guide. Students are encouraged to read
the resources listed if the opportunity arises, but they will not be tested on their knowledge of the Suggested
Readings.
6. Learning Activities (Non-Graded): These non-graded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their
course of study.
7. Discussion Boards: Discussion Boards are part of all CSU term courses. More information and specifications
can be found in the Student Resources link listed in the Course Menu bar.
BBA 3361, Professionalism in
the Workplace
Course Syllabus
BBA 3361, Professio ...
Be sure to listen to all of the pieces first, then answer the ques.docxJASS44
Be sure to listen to all of the pieces first, then answer the questions and re-listen as needed! After you have completed the required reading and listened to each piece as identified, please complete the following questions. Please keep in mind that the aim of these questions is not necessarily a right or wrong answer (you are NEVER graded on your opinion), but how well you present your ideas, demonstrate your understanding of the material, and support your reasoning.
1. Two of the concepts discussed in your text include rhythm and meter. Rhythms and meters are placed in groups (or a feeling of) of 2’s or 3’s, often referred to as duple or triple. After listening to “Cantecul Miresei,” how would you identify the meter? Is it duple, triple, or it is a combination of both? Explain your answer and how you arrived at your decision. (Hint: Listen to the piece several times and try clapping with the beat.”)
2. Tempo, the speed at which the music is performed, is an important aspect in all forms and genres of music. Whether or not we understand the words, or if words are completely absent, tempo can give us a feeling of the overall mood or emotion of a piece of music. Tempo can also change and is not a static function in the music of any culture. For each piece in this assignment, identify the tempo (slow, moderate, fast, furious, et cetera). In addition, describe the mood of each piece and how this might be different if the tempo were different. Give examples from your listening to help explain your answers.
3. Understanding the concept of harmony can be both complicated and frustrating. However, in the most simple of definitions, harmony is simply the part of music that adds to (or rounds) out the melody, which many would say makes music more interesting to listen and relate to. Choose one of the pieces from the list above and describe the harmony using terms discussed and defined in the text. Is the pitch tendency of the piece (not a specific voice or instrument) high or low? Is it “chant-like,” a cappella, or accompanied? If it is accompanied, is the accompaniment chordal, and if so does it use chord progressions or merely one chord? Does it sound like the harmony was written down or simply improvised? Be sure to explain your answer and offer examples from the piece you have selected.
4. Timbre and the study of acoustics is possibly one of the most interesting elements of music. Every voice, instrument, and sound made has a distinct, unique quality that either makes it attractive to our ears or unbearable. However, it is also important to remember that while an instrument or voice (ex. a screechy soprano or an accordion) may not sound good to us on their own, when paired with other instruments or voices may sound absolutely wonderful. Choose one of the pieces from this assignment and describe the timbre of the piece. How would you describe the sound? Is it airy, woody, tin-like, open, closed, high, low, etc.? Does the timbre change at all? If s ...
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1 Cour.docxJASS44
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Define terms related to corrections.
1.1 Define all relevant vocabulary related to the correctional system within
the unit.
1.2 Define and understand professionalism in corrections.
2. Assess the purpose, implementation, and effectiveness of corrections.
2.1 Identify standards, training, and skills of correctional officers.
2.2 Identify what organizations exist that set standards in the field.
3. Trace the historical evolution of the correctional system.
3.1 Identify key people that have helped to reform the correctional system
over time.
Unit Lesson
The statistics currently indicate that crime has declined since the 1990s; however, the
number of people incarcerated or under some sort of correctional supervision has
continued to steadily increase. There are four reasons behind this phenomenon:
1. The tough on crime laws like three-strikes-laws have kept repeat offenders
incarcerated for extended lengths of time.
2. The War on Drugs has led to many arrests and convictions that have
increased incarcerated populations in every jurisdiction in the country.
3. Parole authorities now fear liability for inmates released early that re-offend.
4. Those that are out of jail and prison and on probation are more likely to violate
probation.
As the incarceration rate rises, it is important to realize that employment rates of
correctional officers and support staff will also continue to rise. In 1950 there were
approximately 27,000 people employed as correctional officers. Current statistics
indicate that number is now at 490,000 correctional officers. If you were to factor in the
increase in juvenile detention centers, probation and parole officers, administrators,
and other professionals in the correctional field, the number jumps to 748,000 people
employed in the correctional field (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2015).
Corrections Place in the Criminal Justice System
Once a person is arrested, he or she is booked into jail. Law enforcement must then
present evidence to the prosecutor and the decision will be made to file formal
charges or release the person from custody. If a person is charged with a crime, he or
she must go before a judge in an initial, or first, appearance in court. At this time he or
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 1:
Corrections: An Overview
Chapter 2:
Punishments: A Brief
History
Learning Activities
(Non-Graded)
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Adjudication
2. Arraignment
3. Community
corrections
4. Corporal punishment
5. Cost-benefit analysis
6. Criminal law
7. Evidence-based
corrections
8. Hedonistic calculus
9. Institutional
corrections
10. Mores
11. Nolo contendere
12. Noninstitutional
corrections
13. Penal law
14. Sustainable justice
15. Utilitarianism
...
BBA 3651, Leadership 1
Course Description
Leadership presents the importance of leadership in conjunction with various leadership traits, styles, and qualities.
Enhances the importance of having a vision, the motivation to lead, social motives in the workplace, levels of morality and
values, and the significance of empowerment for effective leadership. Topics include situational leadership, organizational
climate, moral dilemmas, personal integrity, servant leadership, participative management, human relations, high-
performance teams, diversity, cultural and interpersonal differences, workplace stress, performance management, and
organizational change.
Course Material(s)
No physical textbook is required; resources are integrated within the course.
Course Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. Analyze the significance of the concept of leadership and the different leadership styles.
2. Distinguish between the importance of vision, the motive to lead, and organizational climate.
3. Explore various aspects of effective leadership, to include influence, follower motivation, and effective
followership.
4. Illustrate the role of ethics and values in guiding organizational behavior.
5. Articulate globalization and the resulting cultural implications of leadership, including unique considerations for
leading multicultural teams.
6. Analyze the role of leadership in decision-making processes that serve to establish an organizational climate
oriented to meet business goals.
7. Analyze methods used to appropriately manage groups and teams.
8. Evaluate different aspects of organizational change.
Credits
Upon completion of this course, the students will earn three (3) hours of college credit.
Course Structure
1. Study Guide: Each unit contains a Study Guide that provides students with the learning outcomes, unit lesson,
required reading assignments, and supplemental resources.
2. Learning Outcomes: Each unit contains Learning Outcomes that specify the measurable skills and knowledge
students should gain upon completion of the unit.
3. Unit Lesson: Each unit contains a Unit Lesson, which discusses lesson material.
4. Reading Assignments: Each unit contains Reading Assignments from outside resources.
5. Suggested Reading: Suggested Readings are listed in the Unit III, IV, and VI-VIII study guides. Students are
encouraged to read the resources listed if the opportunity arises, but they will not be tested on their knowledge of
the Suggested Readings.
6. Learning Activities (Non-Graded): These non-graded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their
course of study.
7. Discussion Boards: Discussion Boards are part of all CSU term courses. More information and specifications
can be found in the Student Resources link listed in the Course Menu bar.
BBA 3651, Leadership
Course Syllabus
BBA 3651, Leadership 2
8. Unit Assignm ...
Basics of QuotingA guideline for good quoting is to integrate.docxJASS44
Basics of Quoting
A guideline for good quoting is to integrate the quote into your own writing. Be sure to set up a quote with proper context, such as who said the quote, and any background information required to understand what that person is talking about. This quote set-up should go before the quote, so the reader isn’t wondering who’s talking when you start a quote. Ideally, you should be able to put the quote inside your own sentence, rather than having the quote stand alone.
Level One: Summarize, then Quote
If you can’t include the quote in your own sentence, at the very least you should prepare the reader for a quote by giving a brief summary before the quote. For instance:
Mr. Fleharty argues that quotes should fit smoothly in your own sentences. “The more you can integrate a quote in your own writing, the better.”
Level Two: Using Set-up Phrases
This can get a little trickier with punctuation and proper verb tense, but you should be able to attribute a quote to somebody with a short phrase provided before the quote, in the same sentence. In MLA format, these signal phrases should use present tense verbs.
According to Mr. Fleharty, “The more you can integrate a quote…the better.”
In “Basics of Quoting,” Mr. Fleharty says, “--------------------------.”
Be careful to avoid the common mistakes that come up when using these phrases. For instance, if you use “According to X,” you don’t need to add “X states/believes/says _____.” They mean the same thing. Also, avoid “According to the article, it says _________.” This shouldn’t happen- name the author instead, or at the very least the website or magazine the article is from.
Level Three: Mid-Sentence Quotes
The best way to integrate quotes into your own essay is to quote small phrases from the source as parts of your own sentence. Essentially, you are summarizing or analyzing what the author is saying WHILE using some of their own words. Be absolutely sure the sentence still flows grammatically. Picture the sentence without the quote marks. If necessary, you can change parts of the quote by using [brackets] to let readers know you’ve changed it.
Mr. Fleharty argues that you should “integrate a quote in your own writing” to ensure that quotes aren’t just standing around adding nothing to your essay.
One common mistake when starting to use this method is quoting too little to be worthwhile. For instance, don’t just quote one word unless it’s crucial that the author is using that specific word. Try to take whole phrases at a time to make it worth quoting, otherwise just stick to summarizing the source instead.
Ultimately, quoting successfully comes down to providing context and integrating the quotes into your own writing. In other words, remember to set up your quotes.
Assignment
Read an article with a clearly named author and write a response to it that uses five quotes from the original. Use a different form of quote set-up for each quote- don’t repeat the same one for a ...
BDM Scheme of Work.docScheme of WorkBTEC HND in Busine.docxJASS44
BDM Scheme of Work.doc
Scheme of Work
BTEC HND in Business
Module Title: Business Decision Making (BDM)
September 2016 Semester
Module Leaders: Kuldeep Pradhan
Module Lecturers:
Nooreen Jafferkhan
Kuldeep Pradhan
Aims:
The aim of this unit is to give learners the opportunity to develop techniques for data gathering and
storage, an understanding of the tools available to create and present useful information, in order to
make business decisions
Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this unit a learner will:
LO1 Be able to use a variety of sources for the collection of data, both primary and secondary
LO2 Understand a range of techniques to analyse data effectively for business purposes
LO3 Be able to produce information in appropriate formats for decision making in an organisational context
LO4 Be able to use software-generated information to make decisions in an organisation.
Delivery:
This unit will be delivered through a combination of different methods that mainly include formal lectures (1 hour) and seminars (2hours). The lecture sessions will normally introduce the topics, and will be largely tutor-led. Seminars are designed to allow for in-depth discussion on the lecture topic, and provides opportunities for students to understand in more detail the linkages between the lecture content and the assessment for the module. During seminars, several methods and techniques that can be applied may include question and answer, group discussions and short presentations based for example on scenarios, video-clips and case study material.
Assessment:
The assessment for this module will take the form of an “Individual Assignment” which will be scenario based over a number of tasks. The tasks presented will cover learning Outcomes (LO1 – LO4), and will be designed to evaluate students’ understanding of the module content.
A completed assignment must provide evidence reflecting that students have understood and can use the information they have studied on the course. The evidence should meet all the assessment criteria and presented in a manner that helps students to receive at least a PASS grade, in order to succeed in the Module.
Essential Reading:
E-text book on Moodle:
Newbold P, Carlson William L, Thorne B, Statistics for Business and Economics: Global Edition.
8th edition, Thomson Publications
Recommended Reading: Electronic Sources
1. Times 100: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk2. The Harvard Business Review
3. Journal of Strategic Management
Websites:
www.businessweek.com
www.ft.com
Week Number
Lecture Topics
Duration: One hour
Seminar Topics
Duration: 1st Hour
Seminar Topics
Duration: 2nd Hour
Objectives of the Sessions
Week 1
Topic 1: Introductory session:
-Overview of Unit content
-Overview of Learning
Outcomes and Assessment criteria
-Overview of Assessment method teaching structure (Lectures & Seminars), Scheme of Work
Health and Safety & Housekeeping
Formative & summativ ...
BCJ 4385, Workplace Security 1 UNIT V STUDY GUIDE Ri.docxJASS44
BCJ 4385, Workplace Security 1
UNIT V STUDY GUIDE
Risk Assessments, Surveys, Planning, and
Program Implementation & Administration
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Identify and evaluate safety and security risks to individuals and
organizations and the measures available to alleviate these risks.
2. Discuss the importance of appropriate security planning with a focus on
the scope of the planning at the community, institutional, and
international level.
3. Compare and contrast security planning between a private and public
administration including the various security agencies involved.
Unit Lesson
General Overview
There are various types of risks (pure, dynamic, speculative, static, inherent)
that are associated with the protection of one’s assets. It is important that
organizations are aware of the risks that exist and take action to control known
risks. As a result, organizations should utilize the various risk assessment and
management tools that are available. When managing risk, the focus should be
on the elimination of risk, the reduction of risk, and the mitigation of risk. There
are three factors that influence risk management: vulnerability, probability, and
criticality. All three factors are equally important, and once assessed, resources
should be allocated so that the maximum amount of risk is reduced.
Conducting a risk assessment is a very detailed procedure which requires
security managers to consider several factors such as the human, physical and
information assets at risk, the probability or of loss, the frequency of loss, the
impact of loss (financial, psychological, and other), options available to prevent
or mitigate loss, feasibility of implementing options, and cost-benefit analysis.
One way to assist organizations in conducting a risk assessment is to utilize a
security survey which identifies an organization’s assets, all potential threats to
those assets, and existing vulnerabilities that could be exposed by the threats to
the assets. Security survey results are not only useful for risk assessments, but
are also useful for the current maintenance of safety and future security
planning.
Planning and budgeting for implementing security strategies that result from risk
assessment is not a simple task. First, there are several types of plans that one
must choose from: single-use, repeat-use (standing), tactical, strategic, and
contingency. All plans are comprised of three elements that flow in the cyclical
manner: needs or risk assessment, alternative courses of action, and action plan
selection. There are also several planning and management tools (CompStat,
GIS) that can assist in the development of a plan. Once the plan is drafted a
budget must be developed which includes a cost-benefit analysis that can help
planners determine possible consequences associated with plan-related
expenditures ...
Based on the materials for this week, create your own unique Datab.docxJASS44
Based on the materials for this week, create your own unique Database table using MySQL.
The table should contain at least 6 columns (use different data type, as appropriate for your application).
The table should have a Primary Key and one other constraint of your choice.
You should populate the table with 5 records.
Then Query the table to display all columns for all records.
You should provide the SQL script and screen captures of you successfully running the script.
Respond to other students by supplying scripts that add additional records, modiify or query data from the tables. Demonstrate your modifications worked by providing the screen shots of your scripts successfully running.
Business-level strategies are intended to help an organization take advantage of opportunities in its environment to create value for stakeholders. Low-cost and differentiation strategies are the two primary approaches used by organizations to gain competitive advantage at the business level. Describe the two types of strategies. Using the example of a chain of women’s clothing stores, analyze how such an organization might employ each type of strategy. How would the organization design its structure under each type of business-level strategy? How would the culture of the organization differ under each type of business-level strategy?
Should be at least 300 words. Does not have to be in paper format this is only a post
Name: William Clements
Class: SDEV 300
Section: 6380
Date: 6/15/2016
Lab 7
Screen Shot:
1
Introduction to MySQL
Overview
This lab walks you through using MySQL. MySQL is a relational database that can be used as part of Web
and other applications. This lab serves as a primer for using MySQL and will serve as a foundation when
we discuss SQL injection attacks and possible mitigations.
Learning Outcomes:
At the completion of the lab you should be able to:
1. Connect to a MySQL database and show the tables within the Ubuntu virtual machine
2. Create MySQL tables containing popular data types and constraints
3. Insert, update and delete data from MySQL database tables
4. Create and execute SQL Select statements and simple joins on MySQL tables
Lab Submission Requirements:
After completing this lab, you will submit a word (or PDF) document that meets all of the requirements in
the description at the end of this document. In addition, your MySQL file should be submitted. You can
submit multiple files in a zip file.
Virtual Machine Account Information
Your Virtual Machine has been preconfigured with all of the software you will need for this class. The
default username and password are:
Username : umucsdev
Password: umuc$d8v
MySQL Username: sdev_owner
MySQL password: sdev300
MySQL database: sdev
Part 1 – Connect to a MySQL database and show the tables within the Ubuntu virtual machine
The Virtual Machine already has MySQL installed. A MySQL username has also been created alon ...
BBA 3310 Unit VI AssignmentInstructions Enter all answers dir.docxJASS44
BBA 3310 Unit VI Assignment
Instructions: Enter all answers directly in this worksheet. When finished select Save As, and save this document using your last name and student ID as the file name. Upload the data sheet to Blackboard as a .doc, .docx or .rtf file when you are finished.
Question 1: (10 points). (Bond valuation) Calculate the value of a bond that matures in 12 years and has $1,000 par value. The annual coupon interest rate is 9 percent and the market's required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond is 12 percent. Round to the nearest cent.
The value of the bond is
Question 2: (10 points). (Bond valuation) Enterprise, Inc. bonds have an annual coupon rate of 11 percent. The interest is paid semiannually and the bonds mature in 9 years. Their par value is $1,000. If the market's required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond is 14 percent, what is the value of the bond? What is its value if the interest is paid annually and semiannually? (Round to the nearest cent.)
a. The value of the Enterprise bonds if the interest is paid semiannually is
$
b. The value of the Enterprise bonds if the interest is paid annually is
$
Question 3: (10 points). (Yield to maturity) The market price is $750 for a 20-year bond ($1,000 par value) that pays 9 percent annual interest, but makes interest payments on a semiannual basis (4.5 percent semiannually). What is the bond's yield to maturity? (Round to two decimal places.)
The bond's yield to maturity is
%
Question 4: (10 points). (Yield to maturity) A bond's market price is $950. It has a $1,000 par value, will mature in 14 years, and has a coupon interest rate of 8 percent annual interest, but makes its interest payments semiannually. What is the bond's yield to maturity? What happens to the bond's yield to maturity if the bond matures in 28 years? What if it matures in 7 years? (Round to two decimal places.)
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 14 years is
%
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 28 years is
%
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 7 years is
%
Question 5: (15 points). (Bond valuation relationships) Arizona Public Utilities issued a bond that pays $70 in interest, with a $1,000 par value and matures in 25 years. The markers required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond is 8 percent. (Round to the nearest cent.) For questions with two answer options (e.g. increase/decrease) choose the best answer and write it in the answer block.
Question
Answer
a. What is the value of the bond if the markers required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond is 8 percent?
$
b. What is the value of the bond if the markers required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond increases to 11 percent?
$
c. What is the value of the bond if the market's required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond decreases to 7 percent?
$
d. The change in the value of a bond caused by changing interest rates is called interest-rate risk. Ba ...
BBA 3310 Unit VI AssignmentInstructions Enter all answers.docxJASS44
BBA 3310 Unit VI Assignment
Instructions: Enter all answers directly in this worksheet. When finished select Save As, and save this document using your last name and student ID as the file name. Upload the data sheet to Blackboard as a .doc, .docx or .rtf file when you are finished.
Question 1: (10 points). (Bond valuation) Calculate the value of a bond that matures in 12 years and has $1,000 par value. The annual coupon interest rate is 9 percent and the market's required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond is 12 percent. Round to the nearest cent.
The value of the bond is
$814.17
Question 2: (10 points). (Bond valuation) Enterprise, Inc. bonds have an annual coupon rate of 11 percent. The interest is paid semiannually and the bonds mature in 9 years. Their par value is $1,000. If the market's required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond is 14 percent, what is the value of the bond? What is its value if the interest is paid annually and semiannually? (Round to the nearest cent.)
a. The value of the Enterprise bonds if the interest is paid semiannually is
$ 849.11
b. The value of the Enterprise bonds if the interest is paid annually is
$ 851.61
Question 3: (10 points). (Yield to maturity) The market price is $750 for a 20-year bond ($1,000 par value) that pays 9 percent annual interest, but makes interest payments on a semiannual basis (4.5 percent semiannually). What is the bond's yield to maturity? (Round to two decimal places.)
The bond's yield to maturity is
6.20
%
Question 4: (10 points). (Yield to maturity) A bond's market price is $950. It has a $1,000 par value, will mature in 14 years, and has a coupon interest rate of 8 percent annual interest, but makes its interest payments semiannually. What is the bond's yield to maturity? What happens to the bond's yield to maturity if the bond matures in 28 years? What if it matures in 7 years? (Round to two decimal places.)
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 14 years is
4.31
%
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 28 years is
4.23
%
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 7 years is
4.49
%
Question 5: (15 points). (Bond valuation relationships) Arizona Public Utilities issued a bond that pays $70 in interest, with a $1,000 par value and matures in 25 years. The markers required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond is 8 percent. (Round to the nearest cent.) For questions with two answer options (e.g. increase/decrease) choose the best answer and write it in the answer block.
Question
Answer
a. What is the value of the bond if the markers required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond is 8 percent?
$ 893.252
b. What is the value of the bond if the markers required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond increases to 11 percent?
$ 663.13
c. What is the value of the bond if the market's required yield to maturity on a comparable-risk bond decreases to 7 percent?
$1000
d. The change in the value of a bond caused by ch ...
BBA 3301 Unit V AssignmentInstructions Enter all answers direct.docxJASS44
BBA 3301 Unit V Assignment
Instructions: Enter all answers directly in this worksheet. When you are finished, select Save As, and save this document using your last name and student ID as the file name. Upload the data sheet to Blackboard as a .doc, .docx or .rtf file when you are finished.
Question 1. (30 points total) Use this balance sheet and income statement from Carver Enterprises to complete parts a and b:
a. (15 points) Prepare a common size balance sheet for Carver Enterprises. Complete the common-size balance sheet: (Round to one decimal place.)
Common−Size Balance Sheet
2013
Cash and marketable securities
$
490
%
Accounts receivable
5,990
Inventories
9,550
Current assets
$
16,030
%
Net property plant and equipment
17,030
Total assets
$
33,060
%
Accounts payable
$
7,220
%
Short−term debt
6,800
Current liabilities
$
14,020
%
Long−term liabilities
7,010
Total liabilities
$
21,030
%
Total owners’ equity
12,030
Total liabilities and owners’ equity
$
33,060
%
b. (15 points) Prepare a common-size income statement for Carver Enterprises. Complete the common-size income statement: (Round to one decimal place.)
Common−Size Income Statement
2013
Revenues
$
30,020
%
Cost of goods sold
(19,950)
Gross profit
$
10,070
%
Operating expenses
(7,960)
Net operating income
$
2,110
%
Interest expense
(940)
Earnings before taxes
$
1,170
%
Taxes
(425)
Net income
$
745
%
Question 2. (10 points total) Use this data table of Campbell Industries liabilities and owners' equity to complete parts a and b.
a. (5 points) What percentage of the firm's assets does the firm finance using debt (liabilities)? (Round to one decimal place.)
b. (5 points) If Campbell were to purchase a new warehouse for $1.3 million and finance it entirely with long-term debt, what would be the firm's new debt ratio? (Round to one decimal place.)
Question 3. (10 points total) (Liquidity analysis)Airspot Motors, Inc. has $2,433,200 in current assets and $869,000 in current liabilities. The company's managers want to increase the firm's inventory, which will be financed using short-term debt. How much can the firm increase its inventory without its current ratio falling below 2.1 (assuming all other assets and current liabilities remain constant)? (Round to one decimal place.)
Question 4. (10 points total) (Efficiency analysis)Baryla Inc. manufactures high quality decorator lamps in a plant located in eastern Tennessee. Last year the firm had sales of $93 million and a gross profit margin of 45 percent.
a. (5 points) How much inventory can Baryla hold and still maintain an inventory turnover ratio of at least 6.3 times? (Round to one decimal place.)
b. (5 points) Currently, some of Baryla's inventory includes $2.3 million of outdated and damaged goods that simply remain in inventory and are not salable. What inventory ratio must the good inventory maintain in order to achieve an overall turnover ratio of at least ...
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. oping problem in the “Baby Boomer” generatio n with alco-
hol and prescription painkillers being frequently cited as
abused substances [1–5]. As a result, the substance abuse
treatment community finds itself lagging behind in address-
ing the unique needs of this burgeoning population [6, 7].
For example, survey results indicate that only 18% of treat-
ment providers have designated services specific to the
needs of this group [8].
Moderate versus heavy alcohol use in older adults
Guidelines for alcohol consumption for individuals aged 65
and over are more restrictive, especially in cases of indi -
viduals who are taking prescription medications known to
interact with alcohol [9]. Alcohol, when used in modera-
tion, has been shown to be beneficial with respect to certain
health outcomes. For example, light to moderate alcohol
use has been associated with a lower incidence of non-
insulin dependent diabetes in older adults [10] while other
Abstract
Background With the “Baby Boomer” generation reach-
ing older adulthood, substance abuse treatment providers
find themselves needing to address the unique needs of this
population. Heavy drinking in adults ages 65 and over is
strongly correlated with depression, anxiety, decreased
social support, and poor health. However, while alcohol
misuse has been shown to be predictive of a lower quality
of life in older adults, the generalizability of these findings
to urban dwelling, lower socioeconomic status individuals
remains unclear.
Aims To identify potential treatment needs of this popula-
tion, a city-funded needs assessment was conducted.
Methods Subjects were 249 individuals (44% male) who
voluntarily completed measures of quality of life (QOL),
depression, and substance abuse. Measures used included
3. the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule, the Geri-
atric Depression Scale-15, and the Alcohol Use Disorders
Identification Test (AUDIT).
Results Alcohol or substance abuse was reported by over
20% of respondents, with 3.4% of respondents engaged in
maladaptive alcohol use. Scores on the AUDIT were pre-
dictive of increased depression (r = − .209, p = .01), anxiety
(r = − .201, p = .002), lower general well-being (r = − .154,
p = .019), and decreased self-control (r = − .157, p = .017).
* Emily Loscalzo
[email protected]
1 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Thomas
Jefferson University, 1021 S. 21st Street, Philadelphia,
PA 19146, USA
2 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas
Jefferson University, 834 Walnut Street, Suite 110,
Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-6468
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s40520-016-
0718-z&domain=pdf
1150 Aging Clin Exp Res (2017) 29:1149–1155
1 3
dietary benefits such as improved appetite and digestion, as
well as psychosocial advantages, have also been identified
[11].
However, the intemperate use of alcohol in this popula-
tion may lead to a variety of physical health problems, such
as deficiencies in essential vitamins and fatty liver disease
4. [11], mental health problems (i.e., poor short-term memory
as well as mood disorders), and diminished quality of life
[9]. Of those who abuse alcohol in older adulthood, approx-
imately one third are believed to have developed alcohol
use disorders later in life (i.e., post age 70). The r emainder
are believed to have suffered with an untreated alcohol use
disorder for some unspecified period of time [12].
Depression and alcohol use in older adults
Research examining the relationship between alcohol use
and depression has been of growing interest to behavio-
ral health workers who focus on this age group. Kirchner
et al. [13] found a strong correlation between heavy drink-
ing in adults aged 65 and older and mood disorders (i.e.,
depression and anxiety), as well as decreased social support
and the subjective experience of poor health. Rodriguez
et al. [14] also noted higher risk for alcohol abuse in older
adults reporting depressive symptoms, particularly those
on the younger end of the older adult age bracket. Interest-
ingly, Merrick et al. [15] observed a lower prevalence of
unhealthy drinking in depressed older adults. Reasons for
these discrepancies in findings are unclear and point to the
need for continued research on the relationship between
mood, alcohol misuse and aging, and could help to inform
treatment options for this age group.
Effect of alcohol and other substance use on quality
of life in older adults
Laudet and others have postulated that the quality of life
(QOL) of substance abusers is frequently poorer than
that of non-substance abusers [16]. Whether this find-
ing is robust across all age groups is unknown. Quality of
life is a complex construct; one that in older, as well as in
younger adults, may be influenced by myriad factors, such
5. as activities, relationships, health, wealth, and surroundings
[17, 18]. Farquhar [17] has demonstrated that not only the
absence of negative factors such as depression and anxi -
ety, but also the presence of positive factors, such as good
physical health as well as social contacts and support, are
important determinants of elder QOL. Tuchman [6], in
reviewing the literature on addiction in women, noted the
challenges associated with delivering care to middle aged,
female substance abusers.
The generalizability of these reported findings to an
urban dwelling, potentially lower socioeconomic status
older adult population remains unknown however. In an
attempt to understand the distinctive treatment challenges
confronting this population, the present study was con-
ducted to examine the prevalence of substance abuse in a
sample of urban older adults attending an inner city senior
center facility. Pre-survey discussions with senior center
administrative personnel pointed to the relevance of acute
alcohol intoxication as the most frequent determinant of
behavioral difficulties in this population. It was anticipated
that via this needs assessment, basic information about the
need for and willingness to utilize behavioral health ser -
vices would be documented. As such, it was expected that
the result of this study could help to inform decision-mak-
ing at the city Department of Behavioral Health level.
Inasmuch as the present study was exploratory in nature,
we had very few a priori hypotheses. However, given the
prevalence of substance misuse in many low-income, urban
settings, it was anticipated that this population, consisting
primarily of lower SES, older adults, would report a mean-
ingful level of alcohol and/or substance misuse. Based
on the findings of Laudet et al. [16], it was expected that
older adults reporting alcohol and/or substance misuse
6. would report a lower quality of life. It was further expected
that higher levels of alcohol use would be associated with
higher levels of self-reported depressive affect.
Methods
Participants
Respondents to this city-funded needs assessment were 249
individuals (56% female) participating in a major Northeast
city Senior Center (SC) sponsored activities. In an attempt
to ensure anonymity, participants were asked to identify
their age according to five broad categories. Two-hundred
eighteen respondents provided this information. Results
indicate that the five age groupings were satisfactorily rep-
resented—60–65 (22.9%), 66–70 (23.4%), 70–75 (20.2%),
76–80 (13.8%), and 81 and over (19.7%).
Measures
SC participant screening process
To establish the prevalence and scope of depression in SC
participants, as well as overall psychological distress and
potential alcohol/substance abuse disorders, the abbreviated
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) [19], the Psychological
General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) [20], and the Alco-
hol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) [2] were
administered anonymously to sub-samples of SC enrollees.
A series of investigator designed questions further queried
1151Aging Clin Exp Res (2017) 29:1149–1155
1 3
7. respondents about use/misuse of licit and illicit substances
as well as their perceived need for help with this drug use.
Approval from the city and the organization’s Institutional
Review Boards was secured prior to onset of data col -
lection. In an effort to avoid sampling biases and to most
accurately estimate the need for services, these sub-groups
included individuals attending the Family Medicine spon-
sored medical clinic on-site, a large number of the consum-
ers who participated in SC activities and/or participated in
programs, as well as a sample of individuals residing in SC
sponsored housing. All measures were self-administered
unless the respondent requested investigator assistance.
Measures
The abbreviated GDS, a brief (15 item) psychometrically
sound self-rated scale has been reported to successfully
distinguish depressed from non-depressed individuals [19].
Sensitivity and specificity rates of 92.7 and 65.2%, and pos-
itive and negative predictive values of 82.6 and 83.3%, have
also been noted [21]. The psychometric properties of the
GDS have also been established with a sample of cogni-
tively intact older adults with functional impairments living
in the community [22].
The PGWBI is a 22 item self-administered measure that
in addition to a total score that provides scores in across six
dimensions—anxiety, depressed affect, positive well-being,
self-control, general health, and vitality [20]. In a non-
clinical population, the PGWBI’s psychometric properties
were found to be quite acceptable with measures of internal
consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest reliabilities
being quite good (0.94 and 0.66, respectively) [23]. Valid-
ity estimates were also acceptable.
8. The AUDIT is a well-documented, relatively brief (10
item) screening tool for alcohol use disorders. The AUDIT
demonstrates strong psychometric properties, including
test–retest reliability (r = .80) [24], internal consistency
(Cronbach’s alpha = 80) [25], and construct validity (sen-
sitivity 100%, specificity 76% for identifying alcohol use
disorders) [26].
In addition, respondents were asked (1) how troubled
they were about their alcohol/drug use (scaled as Very,
Somewhat, or Not At All), and across a series of investiga-
tor-designed dichotomized items (i.e., Yes/No), (2) whether
their alcohol/drug use caused problems such as craving
and/or withdrawal, (3) whether they would use specialized
behavioral health services if they were provided at the Sen-
ior Center (for example, a depression-oriented treatment
group), and (4) whether there were barriers that prevented
them from accessing behavioral health services.
To avoid a “priming” effect, presentation of the screen-
ing and needs assessment items were counterbalanced. In
50% of the survey packages, the needs assessment preceded
the screening instruments (i.e., GDS, AUDIT, PGWBI.)
The entire battery and brief narrative question set in most
instances took no more than 20 min to complete.
SC program attendees
While we initially had planned to randomly survey a pre-
selected sample of individuals participating in daily ser -
vices, this plan ultimately proved to be unfeasible due to
unreliable attendance.
Discussion with SC senior administrative staff suggested
that convenience sampling of SC program attendees might
9. be the most likely means of securing an adequate sized and
representative sample, and we ultimately were able to col -
lect completed data from 128 individuals.
Sponsored housing elders
While estimates based on published data [22] suggest that a
2% random sample would be satisfactory to achieve 87.5%
certainty that homebound elders scores would fall within
the range of 3.3 and 5.3 on the GDS, a 10% random sam-
ple of the approximately 1200 older adults residing in the
13 SC sponsored remote housing sites was proposed. Indi -
viduals at these sites were informed by mail that they were
invited to participate in an anonymous survey of the behav-
ioral health needs of older adults. Screening instruments
were delivered to the residences by project personnel who
followed-up within one week to both collect completed
instruments and provide assistance to those individuals
who were otherwise unable to complete the measures on
their own. Surveys were returned by 101 of the 186 resi -
dents to which they were offered (54.3%).
Family medicine practice attendees
Approximately 1,000 SC members over the age of 60 visit
the organization’s Primary Care Geriatric Medical Office
which has been housed on site at SC since 1998. During
the period of data collection, individuals coming to the
practice were offered an opportunity to complete the packet
of screening instruments while either waiting to be seen by
their physician or after their appointment. The number of
completed packets returned was compared to the number
of packets distributed allowing project staff to determine
in real time whether an acceptable response rate was being
obtained and whether data acquisition procedures were in
need of revision. Slow return rates led us to modify data
10. collection procedures on several occasions. These modifi -
cations included having attending physicians distribute the
survey materials, and posting research staff on site to dis-
tribute the questionnaire packets. These procedural modifi -
cations notwithstanding, and despite all efforts to reassure
1152 Aging Clin Exp Res (2017) 29:1149–1155
1 3
potential participants that their responses were completely
anonymous and would not be shared with their physician,
ultimately we were able to secure completed response from
20 individuals receiving services at this site making mean-
ingful comparisons difficult.
Plan of analysis
Depending on the level of measurement of any given
instrument, data analysis consisted of descriptive statis-
tics, including means, standard errors, percentages etc.
For example, means on the GDS and AUDIT scores were
recorded, as were scores on the six scales of PGWBI.
Where age appropriate standardized norms exist, they were
used for estimating the prevalence of substance use and/
or psychosocial disorders in this population. Careful atten-
tion was paid to respondent and staff reports of the need
for specialized behavioral health services and perceived (or
real) barriers that prevent access to them. We also catego-
rized (i.e., stratified) and attended closely to the source of
information (i.e., remote housing sites, lunch attendees) as
the needs of the homebound may be quite different from
those of ambulatory SC consumers (see Table 1). The use
of stratification procedures can be quite useful in improving
11. the precision of prevalence and need/anticipated use of ser -
vice estimates [27]. Correlation analysis was used to exam-
ine the relationship between study measured factors.
Results
Prevalence
Forty-nine of the 249 respondents (19.7%) reported
engaging in potentially problematic alcohol and/or sub-
stance use. Of these 49 individuals, 24 (48.9%; 9.6% of
all respondents) reported hazardous alcohol consumption
via the AUDIT, defined by Babor et al. [2] as a score of 1
or more on Questions 2 (3 or more drinks on a typical day
when drinking) or 3 (frequency of consuming six or more
drinks when drinking). In examining the distribution of
AUDIT scores, we observed that 24 (9.6%) of respond-
ents scored 7 or higher and would therefore benefit from
some level of intervention. Almost 60% of respondents
reported no alcohol use.
In terms of other possibly problematic behavior, 18
participants (36.7; 7.2% of all respondents) admitted to
use of prescribed medications in a manner inconsist-
ent with how it was prescribed by their physician and 17
participants (34.7; 6.8% of all respondents) reported use
of illicit substances such as marijuana and cocaine. No
attempt to identify drug(s) of choice, or to quantify the
frequency or amount of illicit substance use was made.
Three of the 49 participants reported abuse of both licit
and illicit substances.
Interestingly, 18.4% of these 49 positive cases reported
both problematic AUDIT assessed alcohol use and con-
current drug misuse. Dangerous alcohol use, as evi-
12. denced by self-reported binge drinking (AUDIT question
3), was identified in 3.6% of the overall sample. Of the
respondents who endorsed use of drugs and/or alcohol,
15.6% reported on the investigator designed items that
they experienced alcohol/drug related problems such
as craving and/or withdrawal, 20% reported that they
were somewhat or very troubled by their substance use,
while 26.5% indicated that they would accept a referral
to behavioral health services if it was made available to
them.
Scores on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale
were observed to be positively skewed, with a mean of
2.82 ± 3.25. Almost 77% of respondents reported little or
no depressive symptomatology (0–4), while 17.4 and 5.8%
reported moderate (5–9) to severe (>10) symptoms, respec-
tively. With respect to depressive symptoms, we noted that
our sample evinced less GDS assessed distress than find-
ings from D’Ath et al. [28] (t(242) = 4.19, p < .01).
Table 1 Mean scores by data
collection site
Senior center Medical practice Sponsored
housing
p
Mean Mean Mean
GDS 2.90 3.55 2.58 Ns
PGWBI_anx 17.66 15.15 17.95 Ns
PGWBI_dep 11.43 10.80 12.20 Ns
PGWBI_positive well being 12.62 10.20 12.88 0.05
PGWBI_self control 11.43 10.21 12.15 0.04
PGWBI_general health 9.57 7.15 9.21 0.02
13. PGWBI_vitality 13.20 9.65 13.11 0.001
PGWBI general well-being 75.43 62.65 77.22 0.023
AUDIT 2.17 0.68 2.23 Ns
1153Aging Clin Exp Res (2017) 29:1149–1155
1 3
Hypothesis 1 To address the findings of Laudet et al.
[16] who have noted impaired quality of life in individuals
with substance use disorders, a series of two-way analyses
of variance, crossing age and the presence/absence of self-
reported substance use, allowed us to compare psychoso-
cial functioning of those individuals positive for alcohol
and/or drug use with all others, while controlling for age.
As can be seen in Table 2, on most measures of psychoso-
cial functioning, main effects of substance use were noted.
Specifically, it was observed that individuals reporting mis -
use of alcohol and/or drugs manifested greater psychologi -
cal distress than those who did not (i.e., they evinced more
depression and anxiety, while also experiencing a lower
overall quality of life). No age grouping or interaction
effects were observed.
To further examine the relationship between alcohol use
and affective state, correlational analysis employing the
AUDIT and PGWBI was conducted. Scores on the PGWBI
Positive Well Being Scale, a 25-item measure of qual-
ity of life, were observed to be fairly normally distributed
and ranged between 0 and 20 (M = 12.52, SEM = 0.29). As
hypothesized, AUDIT assessed alcohol use was signifi-
cantly associated with a lesser quality of life in this sample
(r = −.13, p = .05). In addition, alcohol consumption was
associated with other measures of psychological distress.
14. Specifically, scores on the AUDIT were correlated with (1)
greater levels of anxiety (r = −.201, p = .002), (2) dimin-
ished self-control (r = − .157, p = .017), and (3) lessened
overall psychological well-being (r = −.154, p = .019).
Hypothesis 2 To assess the relationship between levels
of alcohol use and affective disorders in an older popula-
tion, we examined the correlation of scores on the AUDIT
with those on the PGWBI and observed scores on the
AUDIT to be negatively correlated with levels of PGWBI
assessed depressive mood (r = −.209, p = .01). While the
correlation of the GDS and AUDIT scores did not reach
traditional levels of significance, (r = .12, p = .07), when
GDS scores were trichotimized into three scoring catego-
ries, we observed a significant effect of depression, (F(2,
229) = 3.111, p < .05). An examination of means indicated
that the moderate depression group reported the most
depressive affect (Ms = 1.74, 3.68, 1.76 for the little or no,
moderate, and sever symptomatology groups, respectively).
While correlational, when taken together, these findings
point to a possible self-medication hypothesis, suggest-
ing that respondents may have been using alcohol to treat
depressive affect.
Staff survey
In an effort to further examine the behavioral health needs
of older adults, staff working in the Senior Center (SC)
was asked to complete a brief, anonymous survey about
their perceptions of addiction and emotional/psychologi -
cal problems they observed in older adults participating in
center programming. Thirty-four staff members returned
completed surveys. Of the respondents, five identified
themselves as holding clerical/secretarial positions, 12
characterized themselves as program administrators, and 13
15. reported being clinical staff. Four individuals declined to
respond to the question. As in the consumer survey, results
clearly pointed to the need for expanded behavioral health
services. For example, 44.1% of SC staff report encounter -
ing a SC consumer who was under the influence of drugs
and/or alcohol in the six months prior to questioning. How -
ever, only two respondents indicated that a SC consumer
asked about a specific referral for treatment in that same
time period. A similar pattern of findings was observed for
emotional/psychological problems. Specifically, 56% of
SC staff reported encountering SC consumers manifesting
symptoms of emotional/psychological distress in the six
months prior to questioning. In the same time period, only
29.4% of staff reported consumers seeking information
about mental health services.
The SC staff indicated that in their opinion, the most
frequently observed factor(s) preventing SC consumers
from accessing specialized behavioral health services were
stigma (65%), and the lack of easily available services
(61%). Cost (58%) and transportation difficulties (50%)
were also cited by SC staff as barriers to treatment access.
Discussion
The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence
of substance abuse in an urban older adult sample as well
as its impact on quality of life and psychological well -
being. The expectation that a significant proportion of this
Table 2 Mean scores by alcohol/substance positive versus
negative
Alcohol/sub-
stance positive
(n = 49)
16. Negative
(n = 157)
p
Mean SD Mean SD
GDS 3.75 3.81 2.55 2.99 0.06
PGWBI_anx 15.41 6.39 18.45 5.41 0.00
PGWBI_dep 10.35 3.92 12.23 2.89 0.00
PGWBI_positive well being 11.52 4.44 13.12 4.37 0.05
PGWBI_self control 10.72 3.76 12.10 3.05 0.02
PGWBI_general health 8.78 3.32 9.23 3.62 ns
PGWBI_vitality 12.80 4.14 12.97 4.56 ns
PGWBI_total score 69.58 22.35 78.05 20.23 0.03
1154 Aging Clin Exp Res (2017) 29:1149–1155
1 3
population would report alcohol and/or substance misuse
was supported with slightly less than 20% of respondents
self-reporting potentially dangerous alcohol and/or drug
misuse. Interestingly, prescription drug misuse and illicit
drug use were equivalently reported. However, our survey
measure did not specify drug(s) of misuse, leaving us una-
ble to identify whether analgesic or anxiolytic prescriptions
were problematic licit drugs, if marijuana was being used
to self-medicate a medical or psychological condition or if
some other illicit substance was being used. While the find-
ings are provocative with prevalence estimates that coin-
cide with previously published findings in older adults [12],
the limited quantification of drug and/or alcohol abuse,
17. does not allow us to point to a specific treatment response
at this time. Despite some degree of problematic alcohol
consumption being observed, a wide variety of “treatment”
responses ranging from simple screening & brief interven-
tion (SBIRT) to more formal interventions such as inten-
sive outpatient, may be warranted.
The expectation that AUDIT-assessed alcohol use
would be predictive of depression and global psychologi -
cal distress was supported. The association of alcohol use
and depression has also been previously observed in older
adults [13]. The results of the present study further sub-
stantiated these earlier findings by employing standard-
ized, psychometrically sound measures of alcohol misuse,
depression, and anxiety. In addition, the present study
expanded upon analyses of psychiatric symptoms by intro-
ducing the concept of quality of life into the exploration of
the topic of alcohol misuse in older adults.
Support for the expectation that quality of life would be
negatively impacted by alcohol use was noted. While Lau-
det et al. [16] have previously reported on the deleterious
effect that substance use has on quality of life, our results
suggest not surprisingly that this relationship may extend to
an urban geriatric population as well.
These findings must nonetheless be considered in light
of the study’s limitations. First, despite efforts to secure
a representative sample, true random sampling efforts
ultimately were abandoned and as such it is unclear as to
whether these prevalence estimates will generalize to other
locations. Second, the correlational nature of these data
prevents a cause and effect relationship from being estab-
lished. It may be that the presence of psychological distress
promoted increased alcohol/drug use in this sample. Third,
as noted previously, the absence of quantificatio n of drug
18. and/or alcohol use, did not allow us to accurately specify
the treatment needs of this population. This is essential, as
means for screening older adult medication misuse have not
been well-established, and therefore it is difficult to infer
the level of response needed (i.e., medical education ver -
sus formal treatment). Cases where self-reported misuse
is the result of error in drug administration clearly do not
point to problematic behavior and should be responded to
accordingly. Unfortunately, our measure(s) did not include
this level of specificity and this remains a limitation of the
current work. Finally, alcohol and substance use prevalence
may have been underestimated, the result of a generalized
unwillingness to report such behavior. This may be particu-
larly true of those individuals residing in sponsored hous-
ing environments. Underreporting of deleterious behavior
on self-report measures is a phenomenon that has been
documented in previous studies of substance abuse [29] as
well as other socially undesirable behaviors [30].
Taken together, these findings may suggest a need for
more specialized treatment programs to target the unique
needs of lower-income older adults residing in an urban
setting. This conclusion supports previous findings indicat-
ing better retention of older adults in treatment programs
specific to older adults [31]. Motivation also seems to exist
even in those who are abusing multiple substances; of those
who endorsed use of drugs and/or alcohol, a large percent-
age indicated interest in referral to behavioral health ser -
vices. However, substance abuse treatment has not been
accepted as a billable service by Medicare, exacerbating
the difficulty of funding suitable treatment. The Affordable
Care Act, when fully implemented, may help to address
this issue. Further research should be conducted to deter-
mine most common substances of abuse as well as most
effective treatments to target these substance use disorders
19. in this age group.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding
au-
thor states that there is no conflict of interest.
Statement of human rights/ethical approval All procedures per -
formed in studies involving human participants were in
accordance
with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national
research
committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later
amend-
ments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent Informed consent was obtained from all
individ-
ual participants included in the study.
References
1. Gross J (2008) New generation gap as older addicts seek
help.
New York Times
2. Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle JC, Saunders JB, Monteiro MG
(2001) The alcohol use …
DSM-5 Assessment
Directions: This quiz allows you to demonstrate your knowledge
regarding mental health
disorders associated with the DSM-V. Below are 10 vignettes.
Using the DSM-5 as a guide, read
each vignette and answer the questions, completely and to the
20. best of your ability. When you
have completed this quiz email me your responses.
Case Study 1
Jessica is a 28-year-old married female. She has a very
demanding, high-stress job as a second
year medical resident in a large hospital. Jessica has always
been a high achiever. She graduated
with top honors in both college and medical school. She has
very high standards for herself and
can be very self-critical when she fails to meet them. Lately,
she has struggled with significant
feelings of worthlessness and shame due to her inability to
perform as well as she always has in
the past.
For the past few weeks, Jessica has felt unusually fatigued and
found it increasingly difficult to
concentrate at work. Her coworkers have noticed that she is
often irritable and withdrawn, which
is quite different from her typically upbeat and friendly
disposition. She has called in sick on
several occasions, which is completely unlike her. On those
days she stays in bed all day,
watching TV or sleeping.
At home, Jessica’s husband has noticed changes as well. She’s
shown little interest in sex and
has had difficulties falling asleep at night. Her insomnia has
been keeping him awake as she
tosses and turns for an hour or two after they go to bed. He’s
overheard her having frequent
tearful phone conversations with her closest friend, which have
him worried. When he tries to
get her to open up about what’s bothering her, she pushes him
away with an abrupt “everything’s
fine.”
Although she hasn’t ever considered suicide, Jessica has found
21. herself increasingly dissatisfied
with her life. She’s been having frequent thoughts of wishing
she was dead. She gets frustrated
with herself because she feels like she has every reason to be
happy, yet can’t seem to shake the
sense of doom and gloom that has been clouding each day as of
late.
1. What preliminary diagnosis, subtype, and/or specifier (if
applicable) would you give this
client? Why (justify your answer)?
2. What, if any, PIE or cultural factors, do you see or should
you consider for either patient?
Why?
Case Study 2
Kate is a 38-year-old divorced mother of two teenagers. She has
had a successful, well-paying
career for the past several years in upper-level management.
Even though she has worked for the
same, thriving company for over 6 years, she’s found herself
worrying constantly about losing
her job and being unable to provide for her children. This worry
has been troubling her for the
past 8 months. Despite her best efforts, she hasn’t been able to
shake the negative thoughts.
Ever since the worry started, Kate has found herself feeling
restless, tired, and tense. She often
paces in her office when she’s there alone. She’s had several
embarrassing moments in meetings
where she has lost track of what she was trying to say. When
she goes to bed at night, it’s as if
her brain won’t shut off. She finds herself mentally rehearsing
all the worse-case scenarios
regarding losing her job, including ending up homeless.
1. What preliminary diagnosis would you give each of your
22. patients and why?
Case Study 3
Jacob is a 27-year-old male who recently moved back in with
his parents after his fiancée was
killed by a drunk driver 3 months ago. His fiancée, a beautiful
young woman he’d been dating
for the past 4 years, was walking across a busy intersection to
meet him for lunch one day. He
still vividly remembers the horrific scene as the drunk driver
ran the red light, plowing down his
fiancée right before his eyes. He raced to her side, embracing
her crumpled, bloody body as she
died in his arms in the middle of the crosswalk. No matter how
hard he tries to forget, he
frequently finds himself reliving the entire incident as if it was
happening all over.
Since the accident, Jacob has been plagued with nightmares
about the accident almost every
night. He had to quit his job because his office was located in
the building right next to the little
café where he was meeting his fiancée for lunch the day she
died. The few times he attempted to
return to work were unbearable for him. He has since avoided
that entire area of town.
Normally an outgoing, fun-loving guy, Jacob has become
increasingly withdrawn, “jumpy,” and
irritable since his fiancé’s death. He’s stopped working out,
playing his guitar, or playing
basketball with his friends – all activities he once really
enjoyed. His parents worry about how
detached and emotionally flat he’s become.
1. What preliminary diagnosis, subtype and/or specifier (if
applicable) would you give this
client? Why (justify your answer)?
23. Case Study 4
Kenneth is a 21-year-old business major at a large university.
Over the past 6 weeks his family
and friends have noticed increasingly bizarre behaviors. On
many occasions they’ve overheard
him whispering in an agitated voice, even though there is no
one nearby. Lately, he has refused
to answer or make calls on his cell phone, claiming that if he
does it will activate a deadly chip
that was implanted in his brain by evil aliens. His speech has
also been disorganized.
His parents have tried to get him to go with them to a
psychiatrist for an evaluation, but he
refuses. He has accused them on several occasions of conspiring
with the aliens to have him
killed so they can remove his brain and put it inside one of their
own. He has stopped attended
classes altogether. He is now so far behind in his coursework
that he will fail if something
doesn’t change very soon.
Although Kenneth occasionally has a few beers with his friends,
he’s never been known to abuse
alcohol or use drugs. He does, however, have an estranged aunt
who has been in and out of
psychiatric hospitals over the years due to erratic and bizarre
behavior.
1. What preliminary diagnosis would give each of your patients
and why?
2. What, if any, biological factors should you consider for
either patient? Why?
Case Study 5
The first patient is a 26-year-old heroin addict. He has all the
symptoms of withdrawal. He has a
runny nose, stomach cramps, dilated pupils, muscle spasms,
chills despite the warm weather,
24. elevated heart rate and blood pressure and is running a slight
temperature. Aside from
withdrawal symptoms, this man is in fairly good physical shape.
He has no other adverse
medical problem and no psychological problems. At first, he is
polite and even charming to you
and the staff. He’s hoping you can just give him some “meds” to
tide him over until he can see
his regular doctor. However, he becomes angry and threatening
to you and the staff when you
tell him you may not be able to comply with his wishes. He
complains about the poor service
he’s been given because he’s an addict. He wants a bed and
“meds” and if you don’t provide one
for him you are forcing him to go out and steal and possibly
hurt someone, or he will probably
just kill himself “because he can’t go on any more in his present
misery.” He also tells you that
he is truly ready to give up his addiction and turn his life
around if he’s just given a chance, some
medication, and a bed for tonight.
1. What preliminary diagnosis, subtype and/or specifier (if
applicable) would you give this
client? Why (justify your answer)?
2. What, if any, medical danger(s), do you see or should you
consider for either patient? Why?
Case Study 6
J.T. was verbal with limited language skills. He could sing in
complete sentences (echolalia) but
communicated using one- or two-word phrases. He
communicated mostly by pointing. When he
did speak, his enunciation was poor except when he was angry
at which time the word would be
clear. He displayed self-stimulatory behavior in the form of
rocking, hand-turning, and hand
25. flapping. He showed no interest in other children and his eye
contact was poor. J.T. also
struggles with seizures. His seizures had begun at age two. He
was taking medications for
seizures and experienced one every ten to fourteen days.
1. What preliminary diagnosis, subtype and/or specifier (if
applicable) would you give this
client? Why (justify your answer)?
2. What, if any, medical danger(s), do you see or should you
consider for either patient? Why?
Case Study 7
Brandon is a 30-year-old male from a wealthy background. He
has a very close relationship with
his mother, who struggles with depression. His father has no
mental illness and denies that his
son does. However, Brandon describes severe episodes of
mania, where he becomes involved in
impulsive and excessive behaviors such as spending large sums
of money or travelling too other
countries. He also describes a manic thought pattern,
characterized by an influx of ideas that he
feels he must act upon. In contrast, Brandon finds that once
these episodes disperse, he is left
with feelings of depression, low self-esteem, and lack of
energy.
1. What preliminary diagnosis, subtype and/or specifier (if
applicable) would you give this
client? Why (justify your answer)?
Case Study 8
Jamal, an energetic 9-year-old boy, arrives at the clinic with his
mother. Jamal’s mother states
that his teachers report he is easily distracted by extraneous
stimuli, he has difficulty sustaining
attention in tasks or play activities, he leaves his seat when
26. remaining seated is expected and he
has difficulty waiting his turn. Jamal’s mother expresses
concern about his behavior at home and
school, and feels professional assistance is warranted at this
time.
1. What preliminary diagnosis, subtype and/or specifier (if
applicable) would you give this
client? Why (justify your answer)?
Case Study 9
Rosita is a 20-year-old, Latina, first year engineering student.
Even though Rosita is doing well
academically for the past 3 months she has experienced feelings
of fear and often cries at night
as she is sad about leaving home. She expressed the engineering
college and dorm are100 miles
away from her home in Delaware.
She reported that she hasn’t connected with her dorm mates or
peers. She has shared with teacher
that she was homesick but was afraid of telling this to her
parents as she feared that they may
worry and ask her to give up her college and come back home.
1. What preliminary diagnosis, subtype and/or specifier (if
applicable) would you give this
client? Why (justify your answer)?
Case Study 10
Kay Ann is a 6-year-old 1st grade student at Baltimore
Elementary. She receives special
education services in the general classroom for the entirety of
her school day.
When Kay Ann was three, she fell out of a tree, hitting her head
on the ground. Due to some
educational challenges Kay Ann recently engaged to formal
testing to see if an IEP is warranted.
The psycho-educational evaluation, conducted by the school
27. psychologist revealed the
following: full-scale IQ of 65.
1. What preliminary diagnosis, subtype and/or specifier (if
applicable) would you give this
client? Why (justify your answer)?