Drug abuse is a major global problem and in Kenya there has been increasing drug and alcohol abuse with serious negative effects. Treatment and rehabilitation of alcoholism is expensive and non-conclusive due to consequent relapse. This study sought to find out selected psychological and social factors contributing to relapse among recovering alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya. This study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised of all relapsed alcoholics and rehabilitation counsellors in Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya. A sample of 67 recovering alcoholics and 13 counsellors was drawn from the two purposively selected rehabilitation centres and used in the study. The study used two sets of questionnaires, one for relapsed alcoholics and another for rehabilitation counsellors. The questionnaires were piloted to validate and establish its reliability before the actual data collection. Data was collected through administration of two sets of questionnaires to the selected respondents. The data was then processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for windows. The key findings of this study indicated that the selected psychological factor that mostly contributed to relapse was dwelling on resentment that causes anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict. The social factor that mostly contributed to relapse was hanging around old drinking friends. The key conclusion was that in view of selected factors dwelling on resentment that causes anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict was the major contributor to relapse. The research findings may benefit NACADA, Ministry of Public Health, mental health agencies, psychologists, counsellors, Non-Governmental organizations, policy makers, researchers, drug abusers and alcoholics in Kenya to better understand factors contributing to relapse and devise ways and means of reducing relapse. Based on the major findings of this study, it is recommended that all stakeholders undertake measures aimed at providing a solution to continued relapse of alcoholics by improvement of rehabilitation and follow-up programmes.
Many people suffer from alcoholism, which is an addiction to alcohol as a result of persistent indulgence of alcohol. Mainly, the affected person shows signs of mental illness or compulsive disorder. More so, the subject of finding the appropriate treatment is a major issue of concern.
Many people suffer from alcoholism, which is an addiction to alcohol as a result of persistent indulgence of alcohol. Mainly, the affected person shows signs of mental illness or compulsive disorder. More so, the subject of finding the appropriate treatment is a major issue of concern.
Mental Health Policy - Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice SystemDr. James Swartz
These slides are from a lecture on the criminal justice system and mental illness and considers factors related to the criminalization of those with mental illnesses, characteristics of those with mental illness under criminal justice supervision, and the role of drug and mental health courts.
Substance Abuse among Adolescents: 1. Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Use ...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Sex- and Age-specific Increases in Suicide Attempts by Self-Poisoning in the ...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
There was a more than twofold increase in the rate of suspected self-poisoning suicide cases between 2011 and 2018, according to a new study that looked at more than 1.6 million such cases.
Here’s what else you need to know:
•Overall trends: Cases of suicide attempts by self-poisoning doubled in those aged 10-18 between 2011 and 2018, rising from around 39,000 to more than 78,000.
•Gender: More girls than boys attempted suicide by self-poisoning. The rate of intentional attempts among girls 10-18 also steadily increased from 2011-2018.
•Outcomes: The number of serious outcomes — including death and hospitalizations — as a result of the poisoning increased 235% between 2000 and 2018, and more than 1,400 children died.
These slides are from on lecture on the role of psychotropic drugs in mental health treatment. Topics covered include the pharmaceutical industry, direct-to-consumer advertising, the CATIE and STAR*D studies, Medicare Part-D, and the role or pharmacy benefit managers.
Mental Health Policy - The Affordablle Care Act and Mental HealthDr. James Swartz
These slides are from a lecture describing some of the main provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148) also known as the ACA or "Obamacare". Medicaid expansion and the health insurance exchanges are considered. Information on the status of ACA implementation is also presented.
Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and PracticeCenter on Addiction
These slides accompany CASAColumbia's report, Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and Practice, published in June 2012, which found that, despite the prevalence of addiction, the enormity of its consequences, the availability of effective solutions and the evidence that addiction is a disease, both screening and early intervention for risky substance use are rare, and only about 1 in 10 people with addiction involving alcohol or drugs other than nicotine receive any form of treatment.
Comparative macroscopic study between Oil extracted Annona seed AlGaInP Laser...inventionjournals
: Recent studies suggest the effectiveness of AlGaInP Laser, Therapeutic Ultrasound (UST) and the oil extracted Annona seed as therapeutic resources in the treatment of cutaneous wound healing. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the macroscopic process of healing of skin wounds in mice. The sample consisted of 32 male mice (Mus musculus) divided into four groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (pulsed UST 3 MHz), group 3 (topical application of oil extracted Annona seed) and group 4 (660nm laser AlGaInP). The animals were anesthetized and then shaved. The surgical incision was made with a punch of 8 mm diameter perpendicular to the back of the animal. The treatments were started 24 hours after injury. Each group was divided into subgroup A (n = 4, five applications) and B (n = 4 eleven applications) as observation period, with euthanasia at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Statistical analysis was obtained through non-parametric Mann Whitney and significance at p <0.05, by GraphPad Prism v program. 5.0. It was concluded that all treatment groups were effective in regression of cutaneous wound 14 days of the healing process when compared to the control group.
Application of Linear Programming for Optimal Use of Raw Materials in Bakeryinventionjournals
This work utilized the concept of Simplex algorithm; an aspect of linear programing to allocate raw materials to competing variables (big loaf, giant loaf and small loaf) in bakery for the purpose of profit maximization. The analysis was carried out and the result showed that 962 units of small loaf, 38 units of big loaf and 0 unit of giant loaf should be produced respectively in order to make a profit of N20385. From the analysis, it was observed that small loaf, followed by big loaf contribute objectively to the profit. Hence, more of small loafs and big loafs are needed to be produced and sold in order to maximize the profit.
Mental Health Policy - Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice SystemDr. James Swartz
These slides are from a lecture on the criminal justice system and mental illness and considers factors related to the criminalization of those with mental illnesses, characteristics of those with mental illness under criminal justice supervision, and the role of drug and mental health courts.
Substance Abuse among Adolescents: 1. Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Use ...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Sex- and Age-specific Increases in Suicide Attempts by Self-Poisoning in the ...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
There was a more than twofold increase in the rate of suspected self-poisoning suicide cases between 2011 and 2018, according to a new study that looked at more than 1.6 million such cases.
Here’s what else you need to know:
•Overall trends: Cases of suicide attempts by self-poisoning doubled in those aged 10-18 between 2011 and 2018, rising from around 39,000 to more than 78,000.
•Gender: More girls than boys attempted suicide by self-poisoning. The rate of intentional attempts among girls 10-18 also steadily increased from 2011-2018.
•Outcomes: The number of serious outcomes — including death and hospitalizations — as a result of the poisoning increased 235% between 2000 and 2018, and more than 1,400 children died.
These slides are from on lecture on the role of psychotropic drugs in mental health treatment. Topics covered include the pharmaceutical industry, direct-to-consumer advertising, the CATIE and STAR*D studies, Medicare Part-D, and the role or pharmacy benefit managers.
Mental Health Policy - The Affordablle Care Act and Mental HealthDr. James Swartz
These slides are from a lecture describing some of the main provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148) also known as the ACA or "Obamacare". Medicaid expansion and the health insurance exchanges are considered. Information on the status of ACA implementation is also presented.
Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and PracticeCenter on Addiction
These slides accompany CASAColumbia's report, Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and Practice, published in June 2012, which found that, despite the prevalence of addiction, the enormity of its consequences, the availability of effective solutions and the evidence that addiction is a disease, both screening and early intervention for risky substance use are rare, and only about 1 in 10 people with addiction involving alcohol or drugs other than nicotine receive any form of treatment.
Comparative macroscopic study between Oil extracted Annona seed AlGaInP Laser...inventionjournals
: Recent studies suggest the effectiveness of AlGaInP Laser, Therapeutic Ultrasound (UST) and the oil extracted Annona seed as therapeutic resources in the treatment of cutaneous wound healing. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the macroscopic process of healing of skin wounds in mice. The sample consisted of 32 male mice (Mus musculus) divided into four groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (pulsed UST 3 MHz), group 3 (topical application of oil extracted Annona seed) and group 4 (660nm laser AlGaInP). The animals were anesthetized and then shaved. The surgical incision was made with a punch of 8 mm diameter perpendicular to the back of the animal. The treatments were started 24 hours after injury. Each group was divided into subgroup A (n = 4, five applications) and B (n = 4 eleven applications) as observation period, with euthanasia at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Statistical analysis was obtained through non-parametric Mann Whitney and significance at p <0.05, by GraphPad Prism v program. 5.0. It was concluded that all treatment groups were effective in regression of cutaneous wound 14 days of the healing process when compared to the control group.
Application of Linear Programming for Optimal Use of Raw Materials in Bakeryinventionjournals
This work utilized the concept of Simplex algorithm; an aspect of linear programing to allocate raw materials to competing variables (big loaf, giant loaf and small loaf) in bakery for the purpose of profit maximization. The analysis was carried out and the result showed that 962 units of small loaf, 38 units of big loaf and 0 unit of giant loaf should be produced respectively in order to make a profit of N20385. From the analysis, it was observed that small loaf, followed by big loaf contribute objectively to the profit. Hence, more of small loafs and big loafs are needed to be produced and sold in order to maximize the profit.
Public Personnel Performance Appraisal System (PPPAS)inventionjournals
Public personnel administration which is that specialized sub field of public administration, concerns itself with the role of civil service in developing societies; classification of positions and ranks; recruitment, selection, placement and retention; training; promotions; and utilization of human resources, pay and service conditions (S.B. M. Marume; 1983 and 1988), for the purposes of meeting the needs of institutions, employees and outside groups(W. Fox and Ivan H. Meyer. 1995:95 and S. B. M. Marume 2016). And public personnel administration scientists, practitioners and researchers who are charged with the human resources responsibilities must have a clear and sound understanding, amongst other things, of the personnel performance appraisal system (PPPAS). They should also know the full implications of the following fundamental public personnel performance appraisal question: It is a traditional approach that is characterized by: (a) mere evaluation, excluding the planning and development function; (b) being linked with the financial rewards and sanctions; and (c) being impersonal, bureaucratic, top down, secretive and centralized excluding participation of the employee being assessed? From the close analysis of the literature available, personnel psychologists industrial, scientists and researchers strongly contend that: (a) if the personnel appraisal approach is traditional evaluation, then it can hardly be humanistic and motivating to an employee. (b) instead such a personnel appraisal approach must be focusing more on filling forms giving quantitative rather qualitative information and data. (c) the obvious question arising from this is: what influence would such a public personnel performance appraisal system (PPPAS) have on an employee’s future performance? (d) it must be understood that a performance appraisal system is a management tool which can help motivate and effectively utilize human resources and it includes public personnel performance planning (PPPP), appraisal and counselling as essential elements.
Multiple Linear Regression Applications in Real Estate Pricinginventionjournals
In this paper, we attempt to predict the price of a real estate individual homes sold in North West Indiana based on the individual homes sold in 2014. The data/information is collected from realtor.com. The purpose of this paper is to predict the price of individual homes sold based on multiple regression model and also utilize SAS forecasting model and software. We also determine the factors influencing housing prices and to what extent they affect the price. Independent variables such square footage, number of bathrooms, and whether there is a finished basement,. and whether there is brick front or not and the type of home: Colonial, Cotemporary or Tudor. How much does each type of home (Colonial, Contemporary, Tudor) add to the price of the real estate
Experimental Approach for Assessment of Liquefaction in Fine Sand and Silty Sandinventionjournals
The investigation is focused on the comparative study of the silty sand and fine sand soil in respect of the fine contents regarding liquefaction characteristics. The strategy is planned to obtain the locally available silty and fine sand in sufficient quantities. Thereafter these two were sieved to segregate the sand portion and fine contents so as to prepare the reconstituted samples of known percentage of fines in silty sand group and clean sand group, besides, these soil samples were again put to sieve analysis to estimate the grading of individual soil samples and specimen samples are prepared. The results of specimen samples suggested that as the percentage of fines increases then chance of liquefaction decreases.
Analysis of Cr and Cu in Soils around Selected Automobile Workshops of Kaduna...inventionjournals
In this research, speciation analysis of soil samples from selected automobile workshops of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria was carried out. A modified Tessier extraction procedure was employed for the analysis. The concentrations of Cr and Cu in the samples were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The soil samples were digested and extracted using different digestion and extraction media. The results revealed that the concentrations of Cr and Cu in the soils varied from one automobile workshop to another. The result also showed that Cr concentration was minimal in the various extraction media and followed the trend; HNO₃ > MgCl₂ > EDTA > Oxalic acid. Similarly, Cu concentration was found to be highest in the oxide phase, followed by that bound to the exchangeable phase. The distribution followed the trend oxalic acid > MgCl₂ > HNO₃: H₂O₂
Vitamin D And Chronic Periodontitis – A Randomised Double Blinded Placebo Con...inventionjournals
Background: Vitamin D is crucial for a wide variety of organ systems; nevertheless, evidence has demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency may place subjects at risk for not only low mineral bone density /osteoporosis and osteopenia but also infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases Vitamin D also has anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines through its effect on bone and mineral metabolism, innate immunity and several VDR gene polymorphisms, vitamin D has been reported to be associated with periodontal disease. Objectives: To assess anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D3, when administered as monotherapy in generalised chronic periodontitis. Methods: This study comprises of 56 patients of generalised chronic periodontitis who were screened for their serum vitamin D3 levels. Out of which 30 patients who were vitamin D3 deficient (<20ng /><0.002)><0.000). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may place subjects at risk for not only low bone mineral density/osteoporosis and osteopenia, but also infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis.
Effects of Citalopram in Cognition and Memory in Experimental Animalsinventionjournals
Citalopram is an SSRI which enhances serotonin reuptake, a neurotransmitter involved closely in cognition and memory. With ever increasing cases of dementia and Alzeihmer’s disease and lack of definitive treatment, research into other treatment options are necessary. This study aims to evaluate the cognition and memory enhancing effects of citalopram in experimental animals
Modeling Truck Movements: A Comparison between the Quick Response Freight Man...inventionjournals
In recent years, with a growing realization of the important impacts of truck traffic on the economy as well as urban congestion and pollution levels, there is a keen interest in modeling truck movements with greater accuracy, robustness, and detail. This paper examines two different approaches for explicitly including truck trips into travel demand forecasting models. The approaches considered are (a) the truck modeling methodology published in the Quick Response Freight Manual (QRFM) and (b) an emerging truck tour-based approach. In this paper, the two approaches are demonstrated and compared using the Birmingham, AL region as a case study and statistical analyses are conducted to evaluate the level of accuracy of both approaches. The results demonstrate that the model using tour-based approach performs better than the one based on the QRFM approach with respect to model accuracy, when compared to field data from the study area. However, the tourbased approach requires a comprehensive data collection and processing effort, whereas the QRFM approach uses the publicly available data such as household and employment data. The decision on the best approach for adoption should be made on a case-by-case basis after considering the tradeoffs between accuracy and data availability and processing requirements. Overall, the findings from this study can be used to support the development of efficient freight truck modeling applications for the Birmingham region. Moreover, lessons learned from the Birmingham case study provide valuable insights that can guide freight modeling efforts of planning agencies in other medium sized communities in the future
Tooth decay and dental erosions are the most frequent diseases of hard dental tissues. One of their origins is poor dietary habits. E.g. consumption of large amount of sweets in combination with poor oral hygiene can lead to tooth decay. On the other hand frequent consumption of acidic food can be the reason of erosive tooth wear. Tooth-friendly products are generally known like products without cariogenic as well as erosive potential. Therefore their consumption is safe for teeth. They mostly contain noncariogenic sweeteners which can not be metabolised by oral microflora and do not contain the acids. After their consumption the pH in oral cavity does not decreases under critical level (5.7 for enamel and 6.5 for dentine). Functional foodstuffs are another group of food that are safe for oral health. They contain some substances like vitamins, minerals (calcium, fluoride, phosphorous, iron, copper), casein phosphopeptide amorfous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), glycomacropeptide, xanthan gum, xylitol, that are beneficial for hard dental structures. These products are dairy products, fruit juices enriched by calcium or fluoride, chewing gums or candies with xylitol or CPP-ACP and many others. Their regular intake can help to strengthen the hard dental tissues. So tooth-friendly and functional foods seem to be useful in dental caries and erosion prevention.
Analysis of Cabin Mounting Bracket of Truck Using ANSYSinventionjournals
In an automobile industry while designing the components, the most critical aspect considered is the compactness and the weight of the component. The mounting brackets are meant for supporting the structural component and electronic components such as batteries, seats, cabin, chassis, rear body and also it should support the external load such as passenger’s weight. In the initial stage the bracket is designed according to the specifications of the mountings without considering any other factors. Analysis is performed for Existing and New modified designs. The design structure is optimized for its topology and topography. In the present work an attempt has been made to produce optimized design of a mounting bracket. The modeling is carried out in CATIA and meshing with quality is ensured through Hyper Mesh. The analysis is carried out using ANSYS by the objective function as shape and topology and the weighting function as weight, and constraints are on deflection and stresses induced.
Analysis of Cabin Mounting Bracket of Truck Using ANSYS
Similar to Selected Psychological and Social Factors Contributing to Relapse among Relapsed Alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs ark Rehabilitation Centres in Kenya
Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and co...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Recent longitudinal study. No mention of fasd or prenatal / pre conceptual alcohol consumption.
If the conclusions are correct how much more do they apply to the fetus, newborn and adolescent/
Currently, the harmful use of alcohol and drug consumption is one of the biggest public health problems in the world, due to its high social and economic cost; registering in youth.
The concept of alcoholism encompasses both addictive behavior to alcohol, as well as the set of somatic and psychological problems or disorders caused by the use/abuse and dependence on this substance.
It is considered one of the toxins that accompany and sometimes destroy the bio-psycho-social environment of the individual and his own life; alcohol addiction is a major physical health problem
Brains on Drugs - This paper looks into the processes related to drugs and be...DuncanMstar
Alcohol drug abuse is a systematic drinking problem that causes both social and health issues. However, alcoholism or alcohol dependence is a disease depicted by unusually high alcohol thirst behavior that results in loss of judgment through over drinking
The Importance of Identifying Characteristics Underlyingthe .docxrtodd33
The Importance of Identifying Characteristics Underlying
the Vulnerability to Develop Alcohol Use Disorder
Ismene L. Petrakis, M.D.
The article by Gowin et al. (1), in this issue of the Journal,
describes a study evaluating characteristics that represent
risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorder. The
authors carefully examined a large sample of healthy social
drinkersusingan innovative laboratoryparadigmandfoundthat
family history of alcoholism, male sex, and impulsivity—when
combined—were associated with high rates of binge drinking
during the laboratory paradigm.This study documents different
patterns of alcohol exposure within individual drinking ses-
sions. The findings suggest that those with characteristics as-
sociatedwith a higher risk of developing alcohol use disorder
experiencedhigheralcoholexposurewithinsessions.Theau-
thors conclude that young social drinkers at risk for alcohol
usedisorderhavemarkedly different patternsof drinking and
encourage the evaluation of bingedrinking in clinical settings as
a potential indicator of vulnerability to alcohol use disorder.
This study is quite timely, and its publication for a wide
psychiatric audience is important given the recently docu-
mentedincrease intheprevalenceofalcoholusedisorder.Over
the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in rates of
alcohol use, high-riskdrinking, and alcohol-related conditions
(2).Thisdespite scientificadvances intheunderstandingof the
underlying neurobiology (3), genetics (4), and treatment of
alcohol use disorder (5). The high rates of consumption with
the resultant medical consequences and socioeconomic cost re-
present a public health crisis. Thefinding that high-risk drinking
is on the rise suggests that understanding factors that influence
problematic drinking patterns and targeting high-risk groups
should be a priority for health care professionals.
The present study does exactly that. It extends the exist-
ing literature about risk factors associated with vulnerability
for alcohol use disorder. The risks of developing alcohol use
disorder include a strong family history of alcoholism (6), sex
(6), and impulsivity (7). Research on understanding the
mechanisms of these underlying risks has focused on altered
subjective response to alcohol in the laboratory, for example,
basedon familyhistory (8), impulsivity (9), andgenotype (10).
Nevertheless, conflicting results have been reported (11), and
discrepant hypotheses on the relationship of subjective re-
sponse to family history have been proposed (8). In addition,
it is hard to control for other factors, and some studies have
suggested that drinking history, rather than family history,
is the important factor determining alcohol response and
subsequent risk (12). Furthermore, subjective response may
or may not lead to differences in drinking patterns outside of
laboratory settings.
This study extends previous findings in two important
ways. First of all, the authors have sim.
Substance abuse and addiction during adulthoodLydia Betsy
Definition of substance abuse, addiction and adulthood. Various stages of addiction, how one can overcome addiction and substance abuse, substance abuse and addiction across adulthood years. Effect on the mental health of an individual support with research studies.
Ms. Tanisha Poddar of BVJMM 4th Semester of #JIMSVKII has shared about Substance abuse among youth.
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This essay is prepared with an aim to investigate into the difficulties arises while dealing
with alcoholic patients in primary care in Europe. In this context, the researcher will evaluate the
issues concerned with doctors in tackling the psychological character of alcoholic patients.
Moreover, the discussion will provide how doctors motivate such patient to recover from their
lethal conditions. In spite of declining in the wine-producing nations, Europe remains the
province on the globe with largest production as well as consumption of alcoholic beverages
along with commensurately more levels of harm related to alcohol. In the survey of North
America it was found that over 4.5% of women and 23% of men are involved in the alcohol use
or dependence throughout their lifetime. The country is about the middle of the worldwide
league of intoxicating consumption. Thus, in all European Union’s member states the alcoholic
harms are considered as a major public health problem. The use of alcohol and its harm are
increasing sharply in the some recently independent regions of Eastern Europe.
Alcohol misuse and older people- Conor Breen, CARDIRoger O'Sullivan
Many public health campaigns on the misuse of alcohol are aimed at younger age groups. However, there is evidence that alcohol misuse is increasing in people over the age of 65. For a variety of reasons, alcohol misuse among these older people may go unnoticed (Department of Work and Pensions, 2013).
This edition of the CARDI “Focus on . . .” series looks at alcohol misuse among older people across the island of Ireland and asks if more could be done in policy and social work terms to address the associated health and welfare issues among older age groups.
Fitness/Substance Abuse
Do Alcohol Consumers Exercise More? Findings
From a National Survey
Michael T. French, PhD; Ioana Popovici, PhD; Johanna Catherine Maclean, MA
Abstract
Purpose. Investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and physical activity
because understanding whether there are common determinants of health behaviors is critical in
designing programs to change risky activities.
Design. Cross-sectional analysis.
Setting. United States.
Subjects. A sample of adults representative of the U.S. population (N 5 230,856) from the
2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Measures. Several measures of drinking and exercise were analyzed. Specifications included
numerous health, health behavior, socioeconomic, and demographic control variables.
Results. For women, current drinkers exercise 7.2 more minutes per week than abstainers.
Ten extra drinks per month are associated with 2.2 extra minutes per week of physical activity.
When compared with current abstainers, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers exercise 5.7,
10.1, and 19.9 more minutes per week. Drinking is associated with a 10.1 percentage point
increase in the probability of exercising vigorously. Ten extra drinks per month are associated
with a 2.0 percentage point increase in the probability of engaging in vigorous physical activity.
Light, moderate, and heavy drinking are associated with 9.0, 14.3, and 13.7 percentage point
increases in the probability of exercising vigorously. The estimation results for men are similar to
those for women.
Conclusions. Our results strongly suggest that alcohol consumption and physical activity are
positively correlated. The association persists at heavy drinking levels. (Am J Health Promot
2009;24[1]:2–10.)
Key Words: Health Behavior, Lifestyle, Alcohol, Exercise, Health
Consciousness, Sensation Seeking, Prevention Research. Manuscript format:
research, Research purpose: modeling/relationship testing, Study design:
nonexperimental, Outcome measure: physical activity, behavioral, Setting: state/
national, Health focus: fitness/physical activity, Strategy: skill building/behavior
change, Target population age: adult, Target population circumstances:
education/income level and race/ethnicity
PURPOSE
The epidemiologic literature has
firmly established that certain lifestyle
health-related choices are associated
with an elevated risk of morbidity and
mortality.1–3 Excessive alcohol con-
sumption, physical inactivity, smoking,
and unhealthy dietary practices ac-
count for a large proportion of pre-
ventable chronic diseases and deaths in
the United States. However, the precise
association between these behaviors is
still the subject of longstanding debate.
There are reasons to believe that
health behaviors may not be indepen-
dent of each other. One view purports
that individuals’ motivation to prevent
disease or improve health could cause
the clustering of health behaviors.4 In
other words, health consciousness
could l.
Similar to Selected Psychological and Social Factors Contributing to Relapse among Relapsed Alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs ark Rehabilitation Centres in Kenya (17)
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
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Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
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My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Selected Psychological and Social Factors Contributing to Relapse among Relapsed Alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs ark Rehabilitation Centres in Kenya
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 10||October. 2016 || PP.68-72
www.ijhssi.org 68 | Page
Selected Psychological and Social Factors Contributing to Relapse
among Relapsed Alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs ark
Rehabilitation Centres in Kenya
Kositany Conrad, B.E.E.Omulema and M.C. Chepchieng
ABSTRACT: Drug abuse is a major global problem and in Kenya there has been increasing drug and alcohol
abuse with serious negative effects. Treatment and rehabilitation of alcoholism is expensive and non-conclusive
due to consequent relapse. This study sought to find out selected psychological and social factors contributing
to relapse among recovering alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya. This study
adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised of all relapsed alcoholics and
rehabilitation counsellors in Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya. A sample of 67 recovering
alcoholics and 13 counsellors was drawn from the two purposively selected rehabilitation centres and used in
the study. The study used two sets of questionnaires, one for relapsed alcoholics and another for rehabilitation
counsellors. The questionnaires were piloted to validate and establish its reliability before the actual data
collection. Data was collected through administration of two sets of questionnaires to the selected respondents.
The data was then processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages
with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for windows. The key findings of
this study indicated that the selected psychological factor that mostly contributed to relapse was dwelling on
resentment that causes anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict. The social factor that mostly
contributed to relapse was hanging around old drinking friends. The key conclusion was that in view of selected
factors dwelling on resentment that causes anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict was the major
contributor to relapse. The research findings may benefit NACADA, Ministry of Public Health, mental health
agencies, psychologists, counsellors, Non-Governmental organizations, policy makers, researchers, drug
abusers and alcoholics in Kenya to better understand factors contributing to relapse and devise ways and
means of reducing relapse. Based on the major findings of this study, it is recommended that all stakeholders
undertake measures aimed at providing a solution to continued relapse of alcoholics by improvement of
rehabilitation and follow-up programmes.
Keywords: Psychological factors, relapsed alcoholics, and relapse
I. INTRODUCTION
Alcoholism is a disease characterized by the repetitive and compulsive ingestion of alcohol in such a
way as to result in interference with some aspect of the interpersonal relationships or other required societal
adaptations. In this study relapse refers to going back to drinking after treatment for alcoholism in a
rehabilitation center. According to the United Nations Office of Drug Abuse and Crime (UNODC, 2006), drug
abuse is on the increase and causes adverse social, health and economic implications. World Health
Organization’s global status report on alcohol and health published in 2011, hazardous and harmful use of
alcohol is a major global contributing factor to death, disease and injury. It affects the drinker through serious
negative effects such as alcohol dependence, liver cirrhosis, cancers and injuries and to the others through the
dangerous actions of intoxicated people such as drunk driving and violence. The harmful use of alcohol results
in 2.5 million deaths each year globally (WHO, 2011).
Although reports on alcoholism in Africa in general are committed to giving a broad picture on health
issues relating to alcohol, there is an underlying impression that relapse rates are still high in these areas. In
Kenya the National Campaign against Drug Abuse Authority (NACADA) has shown that relapse rates are very
high, however it is more committed at providing statistics of areas dominated by drug use and the drug of choice
in such areas (NACADA 2011). Some available data for four outpatient rehabilitation programs in Kenya from
2007 to the first quarter of 2010 estimated the overall abstinence rates for three drugs: cannabis, alcohol, and
heroine as 42%, while that for alcohol and cannabis alone was 46% of users (Deveau, Tengia, Mutua, Njoroge,
Dajoh and Singer, 2010). However, there are no reports on alcohol relapse on its own both regionally or in
Kenya.
According to Brown and Tapert (2004), excessive drinking accounted for substantial cognitive
impairment, many of them irreversible. Apart from such health consequences, alcohol consumption was also
been linked with various negative social and economic outcomes. Alcohol consumption was associated with
gender-based violence, crime, poverty, child abuse and neglect. Alcohol abuse was regarded as a threat to
2. Selected Psychological and Social Factors Contributing to Relapse among Relapsed Alcoholics of ..
www.ijhssi.org 69 | Page
family stability as it makes violent situations worse. According to Barlow (2000), alcohol was a threat to family
life and to harmonious interpersonal relations. Jellinek (1969) observed that once a person becomes alcoholic,
he or she no longer chooses how much to drink, and cannot predict the outcome because of an overwhelming
compulsion to drink regardless of financial state and health condition in the family. Acccording to Emmite
andSwierzewski, (2008),alcohol consumption and abuse is influenced by multiple factors including gender,
family history and parental influence. Men are more likely to use alcohol with some estimates indicating a ratio
of 5:1. Men are also at high risk of heavy drinking and intoxication (Gmel, Rehm, andKuntsche, 2003).
However the number of women who drink, abuse, and become dependent on alcohol is rising.
Relapse is a formidable challenge in the treatment of all behaviour disorders (Witkiewitz andMarlatt,
2004). To explain this challenge several authors have described relapse as complex, dynamic and unpredictable
(Buhringer, 2000; Donovan, 1996 andMarlatt, 1996). Rasmussen (2000) noted that relapse occurs because of the
building up of additional crisis including looking trivially on a certain problem, stress, weak or failed forecast,
the pessimistic thinking that all issues cannot be resolved and immature actions. Relapsed addicts are also
confused and overreact due to the inability to think clearly, unable to manage feelings and emotions, the
difficulty to remember things, unable to control their feelings and easily angered. Moos (2007) contended that
psychological factors contribute to relapse among drug addicts after abstinence. Another relapse promoting
factor is self-efficacy, defined as a degree to which an individual feels confident and capable of performing a
certain behavior in a specific situational context (Bandura, 1977).
In the study by Kuria (2012), the association between alcohol dependence and depression before and
after treatment for alcohol dependence. There was a high prevalence rate (63.8%) of major depression among
the alcohol-dependent persons. This was close to a higher limit (68%) of the estimated prevalence of co
occurrence of depression and alcohol dependence. Halikas, Herzog, Mirassou and Lyttle, (1981). According to
Witkiewitz andMarlatt, (2004), few studies on relapse prevention focused on the individual factors,most studies,
including research done byCopello, Velleman and Templeton, (2005) and Saatcioglu, Erim andCakmak, (2006)
recognized that the social context in which the alcoholic lived and recognized its significance to whether they
remained abstinent from alcohol drinking or relapsed after treatment.
Arteaga, Chen and Reynolds, (2010) identify that fear of social isolation and peer rejection has a
significant influence on drug and alcohol use by young people especially in circumstances where substance
misuse is normative within youth culture. According to Reece (2007) research showed that contextual factors,
such as occupational activities were relevant when considering relapse risk and substance use among individuals
with substance use disorders. Lader (1995) referred to social factors as social rejection, social isolation and
major life events such as unemployment and poverty.
The purpose of this study was to determine selected psychological factors contributing to relapse
among relapsed alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya. The objectives of the study
were to: (a)determine the following selected psychological factors contributing to relapse among relapsed
alcoholics in rehabilitation centers in Kenya, (i) Dwelling on resentments that provoke anger and frustrations
due to unresolved conflict. (ii) Loss of a loved one. (iii) Belief that alcohol gives relief for stress.(iv) Feeling
overwhelmed, confused and useless.
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study used the descriptive survey design in which opinions of relapsed alcoholics and
rehabilitation counselors were collected. Questionnaires were used to solicit the desired information related
toselected psychological factorscontributing to relapse among relapsed alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs Ark
Rehabilitation centres. The target population comprised of all 80 relapsed alcoholics and 13 rehabilitation
counsellors in Asumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitation centres in Kenya
The study adopted the formula
2
)(1 eN
N
n
To obtain sample size where n is the sample size N is the population size, and e the desired precision.
The sample value for recovering alcoholics was 67 and because of the manageable number of counselors, all 13
were purposively selected. Sampling was done usingproportionate stratified sampling to ensure that the sample
was proportionately and adequately distributed among the two centres according to the population of each
centre.
This study used questionnaires (Appendix A and B) had sections I and IISection I had the relapsees and
counsellors personal details, section II had items on Psychological influence, The items were closed ended with
5 options on the Likert scale. The options were SA: Strongly agree; A: Agree; U: Undecided; D: Disagree: SD:
Strongly disagree. Each option was assigned a value for scoring ranging from SA=5 to SD=1. Items with no
response was scored zero. The statistical pacage for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data
obtained from respondents.
3. Selected Psychological and Social Factors Contributing to Relapse among Relapsed Alcoholics of ..
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III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In order to determine selected psychological factors contributing to relapse among relapsed alcoholics
in rehabilitation centers in Kenya, four psychological factors were considered; Anger and frustration due to
unresolved conflict, Loss of a loved one, Alcohol as a stress reliever and Feeling overwhelmed, confused and
useless. The views of both the relapsed alcoholics and the rehabilitations counsellors were collected. This study
examined the influence of each of these psychological factors separately and cumulatively. The research
question aimed at determining selected psychological factors contributing to relapse among relapsed alcoholics
inAsumbi and Jorgs Ark rehabilitationcentres in Kenya.
Table 1: Means and Standard Deviations of Relapsed Alcoholics and Counsellors Responses on Psychological
Factors Contributing to Relapse Generated from Statistical Package for Social Sciences.
The means and standard deviations were used in analysis and discussions of all relapsed alcoholics and
counsellors responses on psychological factors contributing to relapse.
Table 2: Relapsed Alcoholics and Counsellors Responses onDwelling on Resentments that Provoke Anger and
Frustrations Due to Unresolved Conflicts Contributing to Relapse
Table 2: shows that most relapsed alcoholics and counsellors, 53(79.1%) and 13(100%) respectively,
agreed that dwelling on resentment that cause anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict contributed to
relapse. The computed mean (3.77) therefore shows that most recovering alcoholics and counsellors agreed that
dwelling on resentment that cause anger and frustration due to unresolved conflict contributed to relapse.This
concurs with research by Snyder andWhisman, (2007) which found out that interpersonal problems were
expected to have an indirect contribution to increased substance use because such problems could facilitate
psychological distress.
Table 3: Relapsed Alcoholics and Counsellors Responses on Loss of a Loved
One Contributing to Relapse
Table 3: indicates that 32 (47.8%) of relapsed alcoholics and 10 (77%) of the counsellors agreed that
loss of a loved one contributed to relapse. 3(23%) of the counsellors were uncertain because they may have not
known about grief affecting their clients. The computed mean (3.08) in table 13 indicates that most recovering
alcoholics and counsellors agreed that loss of a loved one contributed to relapse this concurs with a study by
Conners and Franklin (2000) that the establishment of adaptive coping strategies for life events such as grief
was important in maintaining sobriety. Another study by Wallace as cited in Connors, Donovan and
DiClemente(2001) also found that painful emotional states were a precursor to relapse.
Factors Mean Std. Deviation
Dwelling on resentments that provoke anger
frustrations due to unresolved conflict
3.77 0.439
Loss of a loved one 3.08 0.760
Belief that alcohol gives relief for stress 2.69 1.494
Feeling overwhelmed, confused and useless 3.46 0.660
Response Relapsed Alcoholics Counsellors
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Strongly Agree 23 34.3 10 76.9
Agree 30 44.8 3 23.1
Uncertain 5 7.5 0 0
Disagree 4 6.0 0 0
Strongly Disagree 5 7.5 0 0
Total 67 100 13 100
Response Relapsed Alcoholics Counsellors
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Strongly Agree 14 20.9 4 30.8
Agree 18 26.9 6 46.2
Uncertain 10 14.9 3 23.1
Disagree 16 23.9 0 0
Strongly Disagree 9 13.4 0 0
Total 67 100 13 100
4. Selected Psychological and Social Factors Contributing to Relapse among Relapsed Alcoholics of ..
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Table 4: Relapsed Alcoholics and Counsellors Responses on Belief that Alcohol
gives Relief for Stress Contributing to Relapse
The question on belief that alcohol gives relief for stress was used in the study because it contributes to
relapse. Table 16 shows that 9 (69.3%) counsellors agreed that relapsed alcoholics believe that alcohol gives
relief for stress. The computed mean (2.69) in table 13 indicates that most recovering alcoholics and counsellors
agree that belief that alcohol gives relief for stress contributed to relapse. This is in agreement with studies by
Kendler, Heath, Neale, Kessler and Eaves (1993) and Harrington, Fudge, Rutter, Pickles and Hill (1990) that
stress leads to depression and that there is evidence of a persistent association between alcohol use disorders and
major depression.
Table 5: Relapsed Alcoholics and Counsellors Responses on Feeling Overwhelmed, Confused and
UselessContributing to Relapse
It is evident in the data in Table 5 that 49 (73.1%) recovering alcoholics and 12(92.3%) counsellors
agreed that feeling overwhelmed, confused and useless contributed to relapse. The computed mean (3.46) in
table 13 therefore indicates that most recovering alcoholics and counsellors agree that feeling overwhelmed,
confused and useless contributed to relapse.This concurs with studies by Goldenberg and Goldenberg (2013)
that autonomy helps individuals in pursuing their life goals that they believe in. It assists in reducing confusion
and feeling useless and is a very important tool for any person to overcome behavioural problems.
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In view of selected psychological factors, respondents indicated that dwelling on anger and frustration
due to unresolved conflict seemed to contribute more to relapse among relapsed alcoholics of Asumbi and Jorgs
Ark rehabilitation centres.
Most relapsed alcoholics should be trained on how to deal with anger and frustration due to unresolved
conflict because it was a major reason for relapse. Rehabilitation centres are encouraged to strengthen individual
counselling so as to solve this problem. There is need to undertake a nationwide research on selected
psychological factors contributing to relapse covering all rehabilitation centres.
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