The research perform has enabled a mute man can speak without surgery. An electrode placed on the neck to get the vibration from blabbering voice of the person and also implement the special speech synthesizer for producing him vowels. It possible for the disable person to produce vowels by thinking of them, using a speech synthesizer. In the future, this breakthrough may help erase the word of speech disability.
Deaf Speech Assessment Using Digital Processing Techniquessipij
The document analyzes deaf speech to increase speech recognition rates. It discusses analyzing pitch (fundamental frequency) and resonant frequencies (formants) of deaf speech, which exhibit unusual characteristics compared to normal speech. The document presents a pitch detection algorithm using subharmonic-to-harmonic ratio to estimate pitch in deaf speech. Formants are also extracted from deaf speech using linear predictive coding. Results show greater variation in pitch and formants for deaf speakers compared to normal speakers, making these features unsuitable for deaf speech recognition but possible for speaker classification.
American Standard Sign Language Representation Using Speech Recognitionpaperpublications3
Abstract: For many deaf people, sign language is the principle means of communication. This increases the isolation of hearing impaired people. This paper presents a system prototype that is able to automatically recognize speech which helps to communicate more effectively with the hearing or speech impaired people. This system recognizes speech signal . Recognized spoken words are represented using American standard sign language via a robotic arm and also on the computer using visual basic .In this project a software package is provided to convert the speech signal, (which does not have any meaning for the deaf and the dumb) into the sign language. The main purpose of this project is to bridge the communication and expression gap between the normal people who cannot understand the sign language, and the deaf and dumb who cannot understand the normal speech.
High Level Speaker Specific Features as an Efficiency Enhancing Parameters in...IJECEIAES
In this paper, I present high-level speaker specific feature extraction considering intonation, linguistics rhythm, linguistics stress, prosodic features directly from speech signals. I assume that the rhythm is related to language units such as syllables and appears as changes in measurable parameters such as fundamental frequency ( ), duration, and energy. In this work, the syllable type features are selected as the basic unit for expressing the prosodic features. The approximate segmentation of continuous speech to syllable units is achieved by automatically locating the vowel starting point. The knowledge of high-level speaker’s specific speakers is used as a reference for extracting the prosodic features of the speech signal. High-level speaker-specific features extracted using this method may be useful in applications such as speaker recognition where explicit phoneme/syllable boundaries are not readily available. The efficiency of the particular characteristics of the specific features used for automatic speaker recognition was evaluated on TIMIT and HTIMIT corpora initially sampled in the TIMIT at 16 kHz to 8 kHz. In summary, the experiment, the basic discriminating system, and the HMM system are formed on TIMIT corpus with a set of 48 phonemes. Proposed ASR system shows 1.99%, 2.10%, 2.16% and 2.19 % of efficiency improvements compared to traditional ASR system for and of 16KHz TIMIT utterances.
Speech processing is the application of digital signal processing techniques to analyze and process speech signals. It involves speech coding, recognition, verification, enhancement, and synthesis. The speech production process begins with formulating a message in the mind, converting it to a language code of phoneme sequences and prosody markers, and generating acoustic signals through vocal tract shaping and lip/nasal radiation. Speech sounds are classified as voiced produced with vocal cord vibration or unvoiced produced without. Formant frequencies and their magnitudes differ between voiced and unvoiced sounds. Developing an accurate model of speech production requires modeling the vocal tract operation, radiation process, voiced/unvoiced distinction, and short 10-20ms time frames.
This document provides an overview of speech recognition technology. It defines speech recognition as the ability to translate spoken words to text. The key components of a speech recognition system include an audio input, grammar, speech recognition engine, acoustic model, and recognized text output. The speech recognition engine uses the acoustic model and grammar to analyze the audio input and return recognized text. Applications of speech recognition include dictation, data entry, and assisting individuals with disabilities. While speech recognition technology has advanced, challenges remain around digitization of speech, signal processing, and accurately recognizing different speakers. The future of assistive technology using speech recognition in education looks promising.
Advances in Automatic Speech Recognition: From Audio-Only To Audio-Visual Sp...IOSR Journals
This document discusses advances in automatic speech recognition from audio-only to audio-visual speech recognition. It begins by providing background on early work in speech recognition and limitations of audio-only systems. It then describes the key components of audio-visual speech recognition including the audio component, visual component involving face/feature extraction and image processing, and audio-visual integration. Applications of audio-only systems like Siri and voice search are mentioned. The performance benefits of incorporating visual information to enhance noise robustness are discussed.
Speech processing strategies for cochlear prostheses the past, present and fu...iaemedu
This document discusses speech processing strategies for cochlear implants. It begins by describing how cochlear implants work and the key parameters involved in electrical stimulation. It then discusses early single-channel implant strategies from the 1970s as well as modern multi-channel strategies. Finally, it summarizes some commonly used strategies in current commercial cochlear implants and concludes that strategies based on spectral analysis generally allow for better speech understanding than earlier feature extraction-based strategies.
Deaf Speech Assessment Using Digital Processing Techniquessipij
The document analyzes deaf speech to increase speech recognition rates. It discusses analyzing pitch (fundamental frequency) and resonant frequencies (formants) of deaf speech, which exhibit unusual characteristics compared to normal speech. The document presents a pitch detection algorithm using subharmonic-to-harmonic ratio to estimate pitch in deaf speech. Formants are also extracted from deaf speech using linear predictive coding. Results show greater variation in pitch and formants for deaf speakers compared to normal speakers, making these features unsuitable for deaf speech recognition but possible for speaker classification.
American Standard Sign Language Representation Using Speech Recognitionpaperpublications3
Abstract: For many deaf people, sign language is the principle means of communication. This increases the isolation of hearing impaired people. This paper presents a system prototype that is able to automatically recognize speech which helps to communicate more effectively with the hearing or speech impaired people. This system recognizes speech signal . Recognized spoken words are represented using American standard sign language via a robotic arm and also on the computer using visual basic .In this project a software package is provided to convert the speech signal, (which does not have any meaning for the deaf and the dumb) into the sign language. The main purpose of this project is to bridge the communication and expression gap between the normal people who cannot understand the sign language, and the deaf and dumb who cannot understand the normal speech.
High Level Speaker Specific Features as an Efficiency Enhancing Parameters in...IJECEIAES
In this paper, I present high-level speaker specific feature extraction considering intonation, linguistics rhythm, linguistics stress, prosodic features directly from speech signals. I assume that the rhythm is related to language units such as syllables and appears as changes in measurable parameters such as fundamental frequency ( ), duration, and energy. In this work, the syllable type features are selected as the basic unit for expressing the prosodic features. The approximate segmentation of continuous speech to syllable units is achieved by automatically locating the vowel starting point. The knowledge of high-level speaker’s specific speakers is used as a reference for extracting the prosodic features of the speech signal. High-level speaker-specific features extracted using this method may be useful in applications such as speaker recognition where explicit phoneme/syllable boundaries are not readily available. The efficiency of the particular characteristics of the specific features used for automatic speaker recognition was evaluated on TIMIT and HTIMIT corpora initially sampled in the TIMIT at 16 kHz to 8 kHz. In summary, the experiment, the basic discriminating system, and the HMM system are formed on TIMIT corpus with a set of 48 phonemes. Proposed ASR system shows 1.99%, 2.10%, 2.16% and 2.19 % of efficiency improvements compared to traditional ASR system for and of 16KHz TIMIT utterances.
Speech processing is the application of digital signal processing techniques to analyze and process speech signals. It involves speech coding, recognition, verification, enhancement, and synthesis. The speech production process begins with formulating a message in the mind, converting it to a language code of phoneme sequences and prosody markers, and generating acoustic signals through vocal tract shaping and lip/nasal radiation. Speech sounds are classified as voiced produced with vocal cord vibration or unvoiced produced without. Formant frequencies and their magnitudes differ between voiced and unvoiced sounds. Developing an accurate model of speech production requires modeling the vocal tract operation, radiation process, voiced/unvoiced distinction, and short 10-20ms time frames.
This document provides an overview of speech recognition technology. It defines speech recognition as the ability to translate spoken words to text. The key components of a speech recognition system include an audio input, grammar, speech recognition engine, acoustic model, and recognized text output. The speech recognition engine uses the acoustic model and grammar to analyze the audio input and return recognized text. Applications of speech recognition include dictation, data entry, and assisting individuals with disabilities. While speech recognition technology has advanced, challenges remain around digitization of speech, signal processing, and accurately recognizing different speakers. The future of assistive technology using speech recognition in education looks promising.
Advances in Automatic Speech Recognition: From Audio-Only To Audio-Visual Sp...IOSR Journals
This document discusses advances in automatic speech recognition from audio-only to audio-visual speech recognition. It begins by providing background on early work in speech recognition and limitations of audio-only systems. It then describes the key components of audio-visual speech recognition including the audio component, visual component involving face/feature extraction and image processing, and audio-visual integration. Applications of audio-only systems like Siri and voice search are mentioned. The performance benefits of incorporating visual information to enhance noise robustness are discussed.
Speech processing strategies for cochlear prostheses the past, present and fu...iaemedu
This document discusses speech processing strategies for cochlear implants. It begins by describing how cochlear implants work and the key parameters involved in electrical stimulation. It then discusses early single-channel implant strategies from the 1970s as well as modern multi-channel strategies. Finally, it summarizes some commonly used strategies in current commercial cochlear implants and concludes that strategies based on spectral analysis generally allow for better speech understanding than earlier feature extraction-based strategies.
Speech processing strategies for cochlear prostheses the past, present and fu...iaemedu
This document provides a review of speech processing strategies used in cochlear implants. It discusses early single-channel implants and limitations. It then describes the development of multi-channel implants and different types of speech processing strategies used, including waveform strategies like Compressed Analog and Continuous Interleaved Sampling, feature extraction strategies that code formant frequencies, and hybrid strategies. Finally, it summarizes commonly used strategies in current commercial cochlear implants and concludes that strategies providing spectral information allow better speech understanding than those extracting speech features alone.
These slides are basically showing how to proceed in the area of Automatic Speech Recognition. I had implemented this whole project using simulation on JFLAP software.
This document summarizes the technical progress in speech recognition over the past few decades. It discusses the key components of a speech recognition system including speech analysis, feature extraction, language translation, and message understanding. The document also outlines the main challenges in speech recognition like variability in context, environmental conditions, speakers, and audio quality. Furthermore, it covers different types of speech recognition systems and their applications in various sectors such as education, medicine, transportation and more. The document concludes with an overview of the major approaches to speech recognition including acoustic-phonetic, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence and discusses popular feature extraction methods used.
Our speech to text conversion project aims to help the nearly 20% of people worldwide with disabilities by allowing them to control their computer and share information using only their voice. The system uses acoustic and language models with a speech engine to recognize speech and convert it to text. It can perform operations like opening calculator and wordpad. Speech recognition has applications in areas like cars, healthcare, education and daily life. Accuracy depends on factors like vocabulary size, speaker dependence, and speech type (isolated, continuous). The system aims to improve accessibility while reducing costs.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on text-to-speech synthesis and voice stick devices. The presentation covers the introduction of speech synthesis and its challenges. It discusses the disadvantages of braille systems and introduces the voice stick device, how it works using optical character recognition to convert text to audio. The presentation discusses the working principles of text-to-speech systems and their architecture. It outlines the advantages of these systems and their applications in devices for the blind, smartphones, vehicles and more. The presentation concludes with a section on further research and development opportunities in this area.
Complete power point presentation on SPEECH RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY.
Very helpful for final year students for their seminar.
One can use this presentation as their final year seminar.
Speech Recognition is a very interesting topic for seminar.
The document discusses the history and development of speech recognition technology. It covers early attempts using acoustic-phonetics in the 1950s, with systems that could recognize a small number of isolated words or digits. Statistical methods using hidden Markov models emerged in the 1980s, enabling large vocabulary speech recognition. Recent advances include very large vocabulary systems integrated with text-to-speech and able to handle continuous speech recognition with semantic understanding through dialog systems. The document also outlines the methodology for a speech recognition project, including database collection, signal decomposition, feature extraction, classifier development, training, and testing.
This report provides an overview of speech recognition technology, including how speech recognition systems work, common applications, and future uses. It discusses key concepts such as utterances, pronunciation, grammar, accuracy, and training. The report also examines speech recognition software and provides examples of free and commercial speech recognition programs. Overall, the report finds that speech recognition has various applications in fields like education, healthcare, gaming, and more, and the technology is expected to continue advancing to support additional future applications.
Speech recognition is the next big step that the technology needs to take for general users. An Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) will play a major role in focusing new technology to users. Applications of ASR are speech to text conversion, voice input in aircraft, data entry, voice user interfaces such as voice dialing. Speech recognition involves extracting features from the input signal and classifying them to classes using pattern matching model. This can be done using feature extraction method. This paper involves a general study of automatic speech recognition and various methods to generate an ASR system. General techniques that can be used to implement an ASR includes artificial neural networks, Hidden Markov model, acoustic –phonetic approach
speech recognition,History of speech recognition,what is speech recognition,Voice recognition software , Advantages and Disadvantages speech recognition, voice recognition,Voice recognition in operating systems ,Types of speech recognition
Hugo Moreno discusses speech recognition and its applications in control. Speech recognition is the process of converting speech signals to sequences of words through computer algorithms. It involves feature extraction from speech and matching patterns to vocabularies. Speech recognition can be used for applications like elevator control, robot control, translation, stress monitoring, and hands-free computing. It provides an acceptable level of accuracy but improving accuracy reduces speed. Speech recognition involves matching voice patterns to acquire or provide vocabularies.
Speech Recognition: Transcription and transformation of human speechSubmissionResearchpa
The specified subfield of computational linguistics and computer science can said to be linked with speech recognition. Speech recognition can develop new variation technologies as well as methodologies generated as interdisciplinary concept. It can be considered to translate and recognize and satisfy the capability towards understanding and translating the words that are already spoken. It is more preciously said that in the most recent times this field has secured positive feedback by intense learning of voice recognition. Such evidences shows the proof that it has more market demand for implementing the application of specific data as voice recognition. Deployment of speech recognition systems can be utilized as the evidence shown to its analyzing methods that is helpful for designing each and every individual’s future. It is said that the computer plays an important role for this process as by this all the translated words can be acknowledged by the texts also. Vishal Dineshkumar Soni 2019. Speech Recognition: Transcription and transformation of human speech . International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 6 (Dec. 2019), 257-262. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i6.497. Pdf Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/497/478 Paper Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/497
IRJET- Communication Aid for Deaf and Dumb PeopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a communication aid system for deaf and mute people that translates sign language gestures to text and speech. The system uses a glove with flex sensors that detect hand gestures. When a gesture is made, the sensors produce a signal that is matched to stored gesture inputs to translate letters, words, and sentences to speech and text. This helps remove communication barriers for the deaf by allowing them to convey meanings through gestures that are automatically translated. The system aims to bridge the gap between those who can hear and those with speech and hearing impairments.
The document discusses speech recognition and voice recognition. It covers what voice is, the components of sound, why voices are different, classification of speech sounds, the speech production process, what voice recognition is, automatic speech recognition (ASR), types of ASR systems including speaker-dependent and speaker-independent, approaches to speech recognition including template matching and statistical approaches, and the process of speech recognition.
Role of language engineering to preserve endangered languagesDr. Amit Kumar Jha
Role of Language Engineering to Preserve Endangered Languages discusses how language engineering can help preserve endangered languages through documentation and digitization. Language engineering is the application of computer science to develop language-related software and hardware. It involves techniques like speech and text processing to develop systems that can understand, interpret, and generate human language. Documenting endangered languages through recording speech samples and collecting texts is important for preservation. Language engineering makes this documentation process easier through tools like speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and transcription tools. It also allows for digital storage of language data, which helps preserve languages for longer as digital data is more durable than other forms of storage. Developing applications that use endangered languages, like translation systems,
Assistive technology for hearing and speech disordersAlexander Decker
This document discusses assistive technologies for people with hearing and speech disorders. It describes three categories of assistive technologies: hearing technologies, alerting devices, and communication supports. Hearing technologies include hearing aids, frequency modulation systems, infrared systems, audio loop systems, amplified phones, and amplified stethoscopes. Alerting devices provide visual or tactile alerts for sounds like smoke alarms, alarm clocks, doorbells, and telephones. Communication supports facilitate communication, including telecommunication devices for the deaf, captioned phones, computers with webcams, video phones, and software that converts speech to text or sign language. The goal of these assistive technologies is to improve accessibility to information for those with hearing or speech impairments
Generally dumb people use sign language for communication but they find difficulty in communicating with others who don’t understand sign language. This project aims to lower this barrier in communication. It is based on the need of developing an electronic device that can translate sign language into speech in order to make the communication take place between the mute communities with the general public possible. A Wireless data gloves is used which is normal cloth driving gloves fitted with flex sensors along the length of each finger and the thumb. Mute people can use the gloves to perform hand gesture and it will be converted into speech so that normal people can understand their expression. Sign language is the language used by mute people and it is a communication skill that uses gestures instead of sound to convey meaning simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientations and movement of the hands, arms or body and facial expressions to express fluidly a speaker’s thoughts. Signs are used to communicate words and sentences to audience.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Sensory Aids for Persons with Auditory ImpairmentsDamian T. Gordon
There are two basic approaches to assistive technology for auditory impairments: augmentation of existing pathways and use of alternative pathways. Augmentation involves amplifying sounds to improve reception of certain frequencies for those who are hard of hearing. Alternative pathways include tactile substitution, where sounds are felt through touch, and visual substitution, using displays to represent sounds. Examples of aids discussed include hearing aids, cochlear implants, visual alarms, and computerized speech and text.
This document discusses silent speech interface (SSI) technology which allows speech communication without vocalizing. It works by using electromyography to detect tiny muscle movements when speaking and converting them into electrical pulses for speech synthesis. Image processing is also used to convert lip movements into synthesized speech. The technology has applications for private communication in noisy environments and could help those without vocal cords. Further miniaturization of electrodes and improved image recognition would enhance the technology.
This document describes a device that helps people with disabilities communicate. It includes gloves with flex sensors that allow people with paralysis to convey words by finger movements. It also has speech-to-text and text-to-speech functions to help deaf and blind users. The device translates sign language, finger movements, or whispered speech into audible words using sensors, microcontrollers, and Bluetooth. This allows people with disabilities to express their basic needs and thoughts without needing a human interpreter.
Speech processing strategies for cochlear prostheses the past, present and fu...iaemedu
This document provides a review of speech processing strategies used in cochlear implants. It discusses early single-channel implants and limitations. It then describes the development of multi-channel implants and different types of speech processing strategies used, including waveform strategies like Compressed Analog and Continuous Interleaved Sampling, feature extraction strategies that code formant frequencies, and hybrid strategies. Finally, it summarizes commonly used strategies in current commercial cochlear implants and concludes that strategies providing spectral information allow better speech understanding than those extracting speech features alone.
These slides are basically showing how to proceed in the area of Automatic Speech Recognition. I had implemented this whole project using simulation on JFLAP software.
This document summarizes the technical progress in speech recognition over the past few decades. It discusses the key components of a speech recognition system including speech analysis, feature extraction, language translation, and message understanding. The document also outlines the main challenges in speech recognition like variability in context, environmental conditions, speakers, and audio quality. Furthermore, it covers different types of speech recognition systems and their applications in various sectors such as education, medicine, transportation and more. The document concludes with an overview of the major approaches to speech recognition including acoustic-phonetic, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence and discusses popular feature extraction methods used.
Our speech to text conversion project aims to help the nearly 20% of people worldwide with disabilities by allowing them to control their computer and share information using only their voice. The system uses acoustic and language models with a speech engine to recognize speech and convert it to text. It can perform operations like opening calculator and wordpad. Speech recognition has applications in areas like cars, healthcare, education and daily life. Accuracy depends on factors like vocabulary size, speaker dependence, and speech type (isolated, continuous). The system aims to improve accessibility while reducing costs.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on text-to-speech synthesis and voice stick devices. The presentation covers the introduction of speech synthesis and its challenges. It discusses the disadvantages of braille systems and introduces the voice stick device, how it works using optical character recognition to convert text to audio. The presentation discusses the working principles of text-to-speech systems and their architecture. It outlines the advantages of these systems and their applications in devices for the blind, smartphones, vehicles and more. The presentation concludes with a section on further research and development opportunities in this area.
Complete power point presentation on SPEECH RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY.
Very helpful for final year students for their seminar.
One can use this presentation as their final year seminar.
Speech Recognition is a very interesting topic for seminar.
The document discusses the history and development of speech recognition technology. It covers early attempts using acoustic-phonetics in the 1950s, with systems that could recognize a small number of isolated words or digits. Statistical methods using hidden Markov models emerged in the 1980s, enabling large vocabulary speech recognition. Recent advances include very large vocabulary systems integrated with text-to-speech and able to handle continuous speech recognition with semantic understanding through dialog systems. The document also outlines the methodology for a speech recognition project, including database collection, signal decomposition, feature extraction, classifier development, training, and testing.
This report provides an overview of speech recognition technology, including how speech recognition systems work, common applications, and future uses. It discusses key concepts such as utterances, pronunciation, grammar, accuracy, and training. The report also examines speech recognition software and provides examples of free and commercial speech recognition programs. Overall, the report finds that speech recognition has various applications in fields like education, healthcare, gaming, and more, and the technology is expected to continue advancing to support additional future applications.
Speech recognition is the next big step that the technology needs to take for general users. An Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) will play a major role in focusing new technology to users. Applications of ASR are speech to text conversion, voice input in aircraft, data entry, voice user interfaces such as voice dialing. Speech recognition involves extracting features from the input signal and classifying them to classes using pattern matching model. This can be done using feature extraction method. This paper involves a general study of automatic speech recognition and various methods to generate an ASR system. General techniques that can be used to implement an ASR includes artificial neural networks, Hidden Markov model, acoustic –phonetic approach
speech recognition,History of speech recognition,what is speech recognition,Voice recognition software , Advantages and Disadvantages speech recognition, voice recognition,Voice recognition in operating systems ,Types of speech recognition
Hugo Moreno discusses speech recognition and its applications in control. Speech recognition is the process of converting speech signals to sequences of words through computer algorithms. It involves feature extraction from speech and matching patterns to vocabularies. Speech recognition can be used for applications like elevator control, robot control, translation, stress monitoring, and hands-free computing. It provides an acceptable level of accuracy but improving accuracy reduces speed. Speech recognition involves matching voice patterns to acquire or provide vocabularies.
Speech Recognition: Transcription and transformation of human speechSubmissionResearchpa
The specified subfield of computational linguistics and computer science can said to be linked with speech recognition. Speech recognition can develop new variation technologies as well as methodologies generated as interdisciplinary concept. It can be considered to translate and recognize and satisfy the capability towards understanding and translating the words that are already spoken. It is more preciously said that in the most recent times this field has secured positive feedback by intense learning of voice recognition. Such evidences shows the proof that it has more market demand for implementing the application of specific data as voice recognition. Deployment of speech recognition systems can be utilized as the evidence shown to its analyzing methods that is helpful for designing each and every individual’s future. It is said that the computer plays an important role for this process as by this all the translated words can be acknowledged by the texts also. Vishal Dineshkumar Soni 2019. Speech Recognition: Transcription and transformation of human speech . International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 6 (Dec. 2019), 257-262. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i6.497. Pdf Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/497/478 Paper Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/497
IRJET- Communication Aid for Deaf and Dumb PeopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a communication aid system for deaf and mute people that translates sign language gestures to text and speech. The system uses a glove with flex sensors that detect hand gestures. When a gesture is made, the sensors produce a signal that is matched to stored gesture inputs to translate letters, words, and sentences to speech and text. This helps remove communication barriers for the deaf by allowing them to convey meanings through gestures that are automatically translated. The system aims to bridge the gap between those who can hear and those with speech and hearing impairments.
The document discusses speech recognition and voice recognition. It covers what voice is, the components of sound, why voices are different, classification of speech sounds, the speech production process, what voice recognition is, automatic speech recognition (ASR), types of ASR systems including speaker-dependent and speaker-independent, approaches to speech recognition including template matching and statistical approaches, and the process of speech recognition.
Role of language engineering to preserve endangered languagesDr. Amit Kumar Jha
Role of Language Engineering to Preserve Endangered Languages discusses how language engineering can help preserve endangered languages through documentation and digitization. Language engineering is the application of computer science to develop language-related software and hardware. It involves techniques like speech and text processing to develop systems that can understand, interpret, and generate human language. Documenting endangered languages through recording speech samples and collecting texts is important for preservation. Language engineering makes this documentation process easier through tools like speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and transcription tools. It also allows for digital storage of language data, which helps preserve languages for longer as digital data is more durable than other forms of storage. Developing applications that use endangered languages, like translation systems,
Assistive technology for hearing and speech disordersAlexander Decker
This document discusses assistive technologies for people with hearing and speech disorders. It describes three categories of assistive technologies: hearing technologies, alerting devices, and communication supports. Hearing technologies include hearing aids, frequency modulation systems, infrared systems, audio loop systems, amplified phones, and amplified stethoscopes. Alerting devices provide visual or tactile alerts for sounds like smoke alarms, alarm clocks, doorbells, and telephones. Communication supports facilitate communication, including telecommunication devices for the deaf, captioned phones, computers with webcams, video phones, and software that converts speech to text or sign language. The goal of these assistive technologies is to improve accessibility to information for those with hearing or speech impairments
Generally dumb people use sign language for communication but they find difficulty in communicating with others who don’t understand sign language. This project aims to lower this barrier in communication. It is based on the need of developing an electronic device that can translate sign language into speech in order to make the communication take place between the mute communities with the general public possible. A Wireless data gloves is used which is normal cloth driving gloves fitted with flex sensors along the length of each finger and the thumb. Mute people can use the gloves to perform hand gesture and it will be converted into speech so that normal people can understand their expression. Sign language is the language used by mute people and it is a communication skill that uses gestures instead of sound to convey meaning simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientations and movement of the hands, arms or body and facial expressions to express fluidly a speaker’s thoughts. Signs are used to communicate words and sentences to audience.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Sensory Aids for Persons with Auditory ImpairmentsDamian T. Gordon
There are two basic approaches to assistive technology for auditory impairments: augmentation of existing pathways and use of alternative pathways. Augmentation involves amplifying sounds to improve reception of certain frequencies for those who are hard of hearing. Alternative pathways include tactile substitution, where sounds are felt through touch, and visual substitution, using displays to represent sounds. Examples of aids discussed include hearing aids, cochlear implants, visual alarms, and computerized speech and text.
This document discusses silent speech interface (SSI) technology which allows speech communication without vocalizing. It works by using electromyography to detect tiny muscle movements when speaking and converting them into electrical pulses for speech synthesis. Image processing is also used to convert lip movements into synthesized speech. The technology has applications for private communication in noisy environments and could help those without vocal cords. Further miniaturization of electrodes and improved image recognition would enhance the technology.
This document describes a device that helps people with disabilities communicate. It includes gloves with flex sensors that allow people with paralysis to convey words by finger movements. It also has speech-to-text and text-to-speech functions to help deaf and blind users. The device translates sign language, finger movements, or whispered speech into audible words using sensors, microcontrollers, and Bluetooth. This allows people with disabilities to express their basic needs and thoughts without needing a human interpreter.
LIP READING: VISUAL SPEECH RECOGNITION USING LIP READINGIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on lip reading and visual speech recognition techniques. It provides an overview of previous work using neural networks and deep learning for lip reading. The document then describes the proposed system, which uses a video-to-frames converter, face and lip detection, and grayscale conversion to extract lip images. Shape features are extracted from the lips and a support vector machine classifier is used to categorize words. Preliminary results showing word detection from a sample video are presented. The system achieved 75% accuracy using a custom dataset. Future work to implement real-time video input and output is discussed.
An Introduction to Various Features of Speech SignalSpeech featuresSivaranjan Goswami
An overview of various temporal, spectral and cepstral features of speech signal used in digital speech processing.
For more tutorials visit:
https://sites.google.com/site/enggprojectece
Communication for and translation device for deaf-blind person. The glove translates hand-touched alphabet "Lorm", a common form of communication used by people with both hearing and sight impairment , into text and vice versa. A mobile lorm glove which enables deaf-blind person to compose message and even browsing internet , and e-book reading. Lorm glove is made up of a capacitive touch sensor which when pressed the corresponding alphabet is generated and in reception the vibrators are used
IRJET- A Smart Glove for the Dumb and DeafIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a smart glove that can translate sign language gestures into speech to help deaf people communicate.
2) The glove uses flex sensors to detect finger movements, and an accelerometer and gyroscope to detect hand movements.
3) The sensors' data is processed by a Raspberry Pi microprocessor which analyzes the gestures and outputs text on a screen and speech through a speaker to translate the sign language into a form hearing people can understand.
WEARABLE VIBRATION-BASED DEVICE FOR HEARING-IMPAIRED PEOPLE USING ACOUSTIC SC...IRJET Journal
This document describes a wearable device designed to help hearing impaired people by classifying environmental sounds and providing vibration alerts. It uses the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) algorithm to extract features from audio samples. Three classification models - Gaussian Hidden Markov Model (HMM), GMM-HMM, and an ensemble of the three - are used to classify sounds into categories. The top predicted class is used to activate the corresponding vibration motor. The goal is to inform users of important sounds through tactile feedback without relying on others for assistance. The device is intended to improve quality of life for the hearing impaired by helping them understand common sounds in their daily environment.
Communication between normal and handicapped person such as deaf people, dumb people, and blind people has always been a challenging task. Above portion shows the real communication between two societies. Our approach is important for deaf, dumb & blind person's decision-making and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It's a gift for a person who would like to learn language. It is useful for deaf, dumb & blind persons for their communication. The invention aims to facilitate people by means glove based deaf, dumb and blind communication interpreter system. The glove is internally equipped with flex sensor. For each specific gesture, the flex sensor produces a proportional change in resistance according to bending of finger of hand. The processing of these hand gestures is done in microcontroller. In addition, the system also includes a text to speech conversion block which translates the matched gestures i.e. text to voice output which help blind person during communication
As Digital Still Cameras (DSC) become smaller, cheaper and higher in resolution, photographs are increasingly prone to blurring from shaky hands. Optical image stabilization (OIS) is an effective solution that addresses the quality of images, and is an idea that has been around for at least 30 years. It has only recently made its way into the low-cost consumer camera market, and will soon be migrating to the higher end camera phones. This paper provides an overview of common design practices and considerations for optical image stabilization and how silicon-based MEMS dual-axis gyroscopes with their size, cost and performance advantages are enabling this vital function for image capturing devices
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A cochlear implant consists of internal and external components that convert sound waves to electrical impulses and transmit them to the inner ear, allowing hearing without reading lips. Speech and language ability varies among individuals, with many developing age-appropriate skills. However, cochlear implants carry risks such as facial paralysis or meningitis from infection. Early identification and treatment of hearing loss benefits children's development, with studies showing better language scores for children who begin intervention before age 12 months.
The document provides information about the course EC6007 SPEECH PROCESSING. It outlines the course objectives which include enabling students to learn fundamentals of speech sounds, analyze speech parameters using various methods, equip students with speech modelling techniques, and gain knowledge of speech recognition and synthesis systems. The course outcomes expect students to be able to explain speech fundamentals, analyze speech parameters, apply speech models, explain speech recognition systems, and apply speech synthesis techniques. It also provides details about the various units and topics covered in the course.
GLOVE BASED GESTURE RECOGNITION USING IR SENSORIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on a glove-based gesture recognition system using IR sensors. The system aims to help those who are deaf and mute communicate through hand gestures. An IR sensor and LED placed on a glove detect hand gestures based on the amount of light received by the sensor. The Arduino microcontroller recognizes the gestures and displays the meaning on an LCD screen while playing an audio message. The researchers claim this method is more accurate and has a lower error rate than conventional image processing approaches. It is intended to help address both safety and communication issues faced by those who are deaf or speech-impaired. Experimental results showed the system successfully recognized gestures and could help reduce the gap between those who are normal and speech-impaired.
This document summarizes a research paper on determining noise levels in noisy speech signals. It discusses extracting amplitude modulation spectrogram (AMS) features from noisy speech segments and classifying them as noise-dominated or signal-dominated using Bayes' classifier. The classified features are reconstructed using overlap-and-add to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio between the original clean speech and reconstructed speech, and between the original clean speech and noisy speech. The paper presents results on speech segments corrupted with different noises, showing SNR is reduced between the original clean and reconstructed speech compared to the original clean and noisy speech.
This document discusses determining noise levels in noisy speech signals. It presents the following:
1) Amplitude modulation spectrogram (AMS) features are extracted from noisy speech segments and classified as noise-dominated or signal-dominated using Bayes' classifier.
2) The classified features are reconstructed using overlap-and-add to obtain a reconstructed speech segment.
3) The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is calculated between the reconstructed speech segment and the original noises, as well as between the clean speech signal and noisy speech segment.
In recent years, unspoken words recognition has
received substantial attention from both the scientific research
communities and the society of multimedia information access
networks. Major advancements and wide range of applications
in aids for the speech handicapped, speech pathology research,
telecom privacy issues, cursor based text to speech, firefighters
wearing pressurized suits with self contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA), astronauts performing operations in
pressurized gear, as a part of communication system operating
in high background noise have propelled words recognition
technology into the spotlight. Though early words recognition
techniques used simple maximum likelihood algorithms only
but the recognition process has now graduated into a science
of mathematical representations and comparison processes.
This survey paper provides an up-to-date review of the existing
approaches and offers some insights into the study of unspoken
words recognition. A number of typical techniques and EMG
based approaches are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, a
discussion outlining the incentives for using recognition
techniques, the applications of this technology, and some of
the difficulties plaguing the current systems with regard to
this topic have also been provided.
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SEMI-PARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF Px,y({(x,y)/x >y}) FOR THE POWER FUNCTION DISTR...IJESM JOURNAL
The stress-strength model describes the life of a component which has a random strength X and is subjected to random stress Y, in the context of reliability. The component will function satisfactorily whenever X>Y and it fails at the instant the stress applied to it exceeds the strength. R=P(Y<X) is a measure of component reliability .In this paper, we obtain semi parametric estimators of the reliability under stress- strength model for the Power function distribution under complete and censored samples. We illustrate the performance of the estimators using a simulation study.
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This document summarizes a study on the strategies used to terminate Newton iterations in solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) numerically. It discusses two main strategies currently used in the Matlab code ode15s: 1) a relative displacement test that terminates iterations when the difference between successive iterates is small, and 2) a test that terminates iterations when the estimated convergence rate is high enough. Numerical experiments on test problems reveal that the convergence rate test is often more stringent, requiring more iterations to satisfy its condition.
ON HOMOGENEOUS TERNARY QUADRATIC DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONIJESM JOURNAL
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STUDY OF RECESSIONAL PATTERN OF GLACIERS OF DHAULIGANGA VALLEY, UTTRAKHAND, I...IJESM JOURNAL
The glacier study is important in the sense that it has a very direct relation with climate change. Any change in the climate can be read through glacier response. A number of Himalayan glaciers are reported to be shrinking. The retreat of Chipa glacier and Jhulang glacier in Dhauliganga valley was studied by interpreting time series optical satellite images obtained from Landsat, ASTER and IRS LISS III sensors. The change of terminus position was measured and retreat was monitored with respect to the terminus position in a topographical map (1:50,000) of 1962. The satellite data of 1989 and from 2000 to 2004 and 2012 were used for monitoring the retreat of the glacier and the result was compared with the field measured values.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contributions of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) initiatives in reducing equipment breakdowns, increase equipment reliability and improve productivity. This will result in increased equipment utilization and life, reduced work stoppages and machine slowdowns, closer adherence to production and delivery schedules as well as increased employee morale. The Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) concept addresses these goals. The aim of TPM is to keep the plant and equipment at its highest productive level through the cooperation of all areas of the organization. TPM is a partnership between maintenance and production organization to improve product quality, reduce waste, reduce manufacturing cost and increase equipment availability.
DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE WAGE FUNCTIONIJESM JOURNAL
This document discusses the use of differential operators to solve a wage equation and analyze the stability of the resulting wage function. The wage equation incorporates speculative parameters that dictate expectations. Depending on the values of the parameters, the wage function can exhibit either stability, converging to an equilibrium wage rate exponentially, or instability, fluctuating periodically with decreasing amplitude. Differential operators provide a simple method for solving the wage equation compared to other techniques. The stability of the wage function solution is then analyzed and interpreted.
Green supply chain management in Indian Electronics & Telecommunication IndustryIJESM JOURNAL
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BER Performance Analysis of Open and Closed Loop Power Control in LTEIJESM JOURNAL
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Rainfall Trends and Variability in Tamil Nadu (1983 - 2012): Indicator of Cli...IJESM JOURNAL
Rainfall trend for the past is very essential to understand the climate variability of a region and it is very significant research in developing countries. Rainfall variability is also an obligatory factor for the climate of semi arid and tropical regions. The number of rainy days and rainfall intensity are the vital feature to comprehend the climate vulnerability of a region. To attain the nature of climate variability this paper deals the rainfall trends of Tamil nadu for the past 30 years and investigated using spatial, temporal and statistical techniques. The previous woks also revealed that the rainfall variability across the world. The results are also showing the spatial and temporal variability across Tamil Nadu and the climate change projection in study area.
The Political, Legal & Technological Environment in Global ScenarioIJESM JOURNAL
The environment that international managers face is changing rapidly. The past is proving to be a poor indicator of what will happen in the future. Changes are not only more common now but also more significant than ever before, and these dramatic forces of change are creating new challenges. Although there are many dimensions in this new environment, most relevant to international management would be the economic environment that was covered in the research and the cultural environment. Also important are the political, legal and regulatory, and technological dimensions of the environment. The objective of this research is to examine how the political, legal and regulatory, and technological environments have changed in recent years. Some major trends in each that will help dictate the world in which international managers will compete also are presented.
SUPPLIER SELECTION AND EVALUATION – AN INTEGRATED APPROACH OF QFD & AHPIJESM JOURNAL
In current scenario strong competitive pressure forces several organizations to available their products and services, cheaper, faster and improved than the rivals to their valuable customer. Managers have come to comprehend that they cannot do it individually without suitable vendors. Supply Chain Management empower the flows of material, information and funds in a association consisting of customers, suppliers, manufacturers and distributors, which beings raw materials, maintain by internal operations complete with distribution of finished goods. In the continually changing world, assortment of appropriate vender is facilitating in supply chain management, selection of right vendor is extremely useful part of purchasing department. This paper seeks to propose a methodology to integrate the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for right supplier selection and evaluation and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) analysis to enhance the effectiveness of outsourcing decisions. A selection that combines the subjective factors and objective factors and attitude of the decision maker decide the best supplier in the supply chain management system. The proposed integrated model could be used for supplier selection, which involves several quantitative and qualitative factors. Also could be used to determining the optimum order quantity. The propose method is a group decision making approach which shadows the traditional approaches of supplier selection.
FURTHER CHARACTERIZATIONS AND SOME APPLICATIONS OF UPPER AND LOWER WEAKLY QUA...IJESM JOURNAL
In his paper we characterize upper and lower weakly quasi continuous fuzzy multifunction’s [3] be a new type of convergence of a net in a topological space and also characterize lower weakly quasi continuous fuzzy multifunction by a newly defined convergence of a fuzzy net. Again a new concept of regularity in a topological space has been introduced and characterized and using this regularity several applications of upper weakly quasi continuous fuzzy multifunctions have been shown.
INVARIANCE OF SEPARATION AXIOMS IN ISOTONIC SPACES WITH RESPECT TO PERFECT MA...IJESM JOURNAL
The behavior of separation axioms under perfect mappings has been studied in the realm of topological spaces. In this paper, we extend the characterization of perfect mappings to isotonic spaces and then use this class of continuous functions to investigate the behavior of separation axioms.The hierarchy of separation axioms that is familiar from topological spaces generalizes to spaces with an isotone and expansive closure functions. Neither additivity nor idempotence of the closure function need to be assumed.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF POWER OUTPUT IN A WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMIJESM JOURNAL
The developments of wind energy systems have enabled an efficient production and use of wind energy. Three widely used control schemes for wind energy systems are Pitch control, Rotor resistance control and Vector control. A traditional wind energy system consists of a stall regulated or pitch control turbine connected to a synchronous generator through gearbox. The synchronous generator operates at fixed speed and one of the earliest rotor control schemes was the rotor resistance control. The speed of an induction machine is controlled by the external resistance in the rotor circuit. The drawback of the above methods is the inability of wind turbine to capture at low wind speeds. This paper develops a model which maximizes wind energy output. This model asses the effects of friction coefficient and the height of wind above ground(given by the height of turbine from the ground i. e the hub height) on power output. The study considers an already existing model, that is the turbine model in which the study incorporates height and friction coefficient. The three methods used in wind energy systems and the output variations for the different control techniques for a change in the input wind velocity and a constant desired power output reference are compared and the methods evaluated based on the response time and the magnitude of change in the power output compared to the desired power output and also compared by simulation. The results of this study may be useful in aiding in the efficient production of electricity in a wind energy conversion system.
INTRODUCING AN INTEGRATING FACTOR IN STUDYING THE WAGE EQUATIONIJESM JOURNAL
In this paper a first order wage equation is solved by the method of integrating factor. The subsequent wage function is then analyzed and interpreted for stability. The function could initially stand off the equilibrium wage rate but in the long run, it asymptotically stabilizes in inter temporal sense. It is observed that use of an integrating factor in solving the wage equation is just as effective as Laplace transforms demonstrated in [6] but with an advantage of being simple with limited algebra.
Vocal Translation For Muteness People Using Speech SynthesizerIJESM JOURNAL
The research perform has enabled a mute man can speak without surgery. An electrode placed on the neck to get the vibration from blabbering voice of the person and also implement the special speech synthesizer for producing him vowels. It possible for the disable person to produce vowels by thinking of them, using a speech synthesizer. In the future, this breakthrough may help erase the word of speech disability.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF WAVE MOTION OF A FALLING LIQUID FILM PAST A VERTICAL PLATEIJESM JOURNAL
In this article, the existence of gravity-capillary waves travelling down the surface of a falling liquid film past a vertical plate has been considered. Kapitza’s scheme of finding an approximate expression of velocity u when the film surface assumes an arbitrary shape y = h(x, t), which changes with time, has been emphasized. The expressions for dimensionless wavelength, dimensionless wave number and Weber number have been obtained and are computed for an admissible range of the wave celerity. The stream line pattern has also been studied and presented through graphs.
APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF VARIATION OF PARAMETERS: MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ...IJESM JOURNAL
In this paper, a second order wage equation is developed and solved by the method of variation of parameters. The subsequent wage function is then analyzed and interpreted for stability. Speculative parameters, which operate freely dictating employers’ expectations, are included in modeling this equation. The variation of these parameters causes both stability and instability of the wage function depending on circumstances. Where the wage function is exponential, asymptotic stability towards the equilibrium wage rate is observed but where it consists of both exponential and periodic factors, the time path shows periodic fluctuations with successive cycles giving smaller amplitudes until the ripples die naturally. It has been realized that where the wage rate is determined by free market forces of demand and supply, volatility in wage rate may be observed if not controlled. This may increase uncertainties and cause anxiety about investment and employment in the economy. The paper therefore proposes government intervention by creating a middle path in which wage rate is allowed to oscillate freely within a narrow band managed by employers in consultation with the workers under the watch of the government.
Ab Initio Study of Pressure Induced Structural, Magnetic and Electronic Prope...IJESM JOURNAL
We have investigated the pressure induced structural and electronic properties of plutonium pnictides (PuY, Y= P, As, Sb). The total energy as a function of volume is obtained by means of self-consistent tight binding linear muffin-in-orbital (TB-LMTO) method within the local spin density approximation (LSDA). From present study with the help of total energy calculations (spin polarized) it is found that PuP, PuAs and PuSb are stable in NaCl – type structure under ambient pressure. The structural stability of PuP, PuAs and PuSb changes under the application of pressure. We predict a structural phase transition from NaCl-type (B1-phase) to CsCl-type (B2-phase) structure for these Pu-pnictides in the pressure range of 20.8 – 42.0 GPa. We also calculate the lattice parameter, bulk modulus, band structure and density of states. From energy band diagram it is observed that all the three compounds exhibit metallic behaviour. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters and bulk modulus are in good agreement with available experimental data.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all