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Speech recognition An overview
- 1. Speech Recognition Kimberlee A.Kemble Program Manager, Voice Systems Middleware Education IBM Corporation Presenter: Sajana.A S2-ELT
- 2. Agenda • • • • • • • What is speechRecognition?? Closer look Terms & concepts Components How it works?? Pros & cons Applications
- 3. What is speechrecognition? Speech Recognition (SR) is the ability to translate a dictation or spoken word to text. Also known as “automatic speech recognition” (ASR), “computer speech recognition”, or “speech to text” (STT)
- 4. A Closer look!!! •Speech recognition engine 1. Command and control application The application can interpret the result of the recognition as a command. 2. Dictation application Application handles the recognized text simply as text.
- 5. Terms &Concepts • Utterances 1. Anutterance is any stream of speech between two periods of silence. 2. Silence delineates the start and end of an utterance. 3. An utterance can be a single word, or it can contain multiple words (a phrase or a sentence)
- 6. Continued.. • Pronunciations Represents whatthe speech engine thinks a word should sound like. • Grammars uses a particular syntax, or set of rules, to define the words and phrases that can be recognized by the engine. define the domain, or context, within which the recognition engine works
- 7. Continued.. • Speaker-dependent systems – – – – Require“training” to “teach” the individual System More robust But less convenient And obviously less portable • Speaker-independent systems – Language coverage is reduced to compensate need to be flexible in phoneme identification – Clever compromise is to learn on the fly
- 8. Components • • • • • Audio input Grammar Speech RecognitionEngine Acoustic Model Recognized text TheMicrophoneStore.com KnowBrainer.com
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- 10. Process Here’s another lookat how SRS works... Source:Automatic Speech Recognition: A Review Preeti Saini#1, Parneet Kaur*2
- 11. Acceptance and Rejection •An accepted utterance is one in which the engine returns recognized text. • confidence score along with the text to indicate the likelihood that the returned text is correct. • Not all utterances that are processed by the speech engine are accepted
- 12. What’s hard aboutthat? • Digitization – Converting analogue signal into digital representation. • Signal processing – Separating speech from background noise. • Phonetics – Variability in human speech. • Phonology – Recognizing individual sound distinctions (similar phonemes.) • Lexicology and syntax – Disambiguating homophones. – Features of continuous speech. • Syntax and pragmatics – Interpreting features. – Filtering of performance errors (disfluencies).
- 13. The Uses • IndividualsWith Disabilities – Assists those who have visual impairment, hand immobility, dyslexia, etc. • Medical Transcription – Reduces delays to write out medical transcriptions • Dictation - Converts words to text in emails or other word documents (also helpful for English Language Learners). • Access Menu Commands – Opens files using voice commands.
- 14. Applications of SpeechRecognition • Speech recognition applications include Voice dialling (e.g., "Call home"), Call routing (e.g., "I would like to make a collect call"), Simple data entry (e.g., entering a credit card number), Preparation of structured documents (e.g., A radiology report), Speech-to-text processing (e.g., word processors or emails), and In aircraft cockpits (usually termed Direct Voice Input).
- 15. Applications • Medical Transcription •Military • Telephony and other domains • Serving the disabled Further Applications • Home automation • Automobile audio systems • Telematics TheMicrophoneStore.com KnowBrainer.com
- 16. Pros of SpeechRecognition • • • • Faster than “hand-writing”. Allows for better spelling, whether it be in text or documents. Helpful for people with a mental or physical disability . Hands-free capability .
- 17. Cons of SpeechRecognition • • • No program is 100% perfect Factors that affect the accuracy of speech recognition are: slang, homonyms, signal-tonoise ratio, and overlapping speech Can be expensive depending on the program
- 18. Programs Now let’s takea look at a some of the many SRS programs... Dragon Siri Indigo KnowBrainer.com
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- 20. Different Home AppliancesControl Scenarios http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoiceXML
- 21. The Future ofAssistive Technology in Schools •Students who need assistance in their writing skills because they have stronger oral skills. •Students who need were absent for a class, have poor memory, or need assistance hearing the lesson. •Students who need assistance during Guided Reading. •Students who are English Language Learners. •Students with visual/hearing impairments and learning disabilities regarding reading/spelling/writing.
- 22. Conclusion • Revolutionize theway people conduct business over the Web and ,differentiate world-class e-businesses. • VoiceXML ties speech recognition and telephony together • voice-enabled Web solutions TODAY!
- 23. References • Kai-Fu Lee,Hsiao-Wuen Hon, and Raj Reddy, An Overview of the SPHINX Speech Recognition System. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, • Pellom, B., Sonic: The University of Colorado Continuous Speech Recognition System. • http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Speech-RecognitionHOWTO/index.html • http://www.zachary.com/s/xvoice • http://xvoice.sourceforge.net/Willie Walker, Paul Lamere, Philip Kwok, Bhiksha Raj, Rita Singh, Evandro Gouvea, • Peter Wolf, Joe Woelfel, Sphinx-4: A Flexible Open Source Framework for SpeechRecognition. • A. Hagen, D. A. Connors, B. L. Pellom, The Analysis and Design of Architecture Systems
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