Descarga gratuita de "Messier Objects Visual Guide"
Un nuevo libro electrónico "Guía visual de objetos Messier" está disponible para descarga gratuita. El libro de 224 páginas, en inglés, fue escrito por Tamás Horváth y György Varga y está disponible a través de la Asociación Astronómica Vega, un club de astronomía aficionados en Hungría.
El enlace: http://vcse.hu/online-visual-messier-guide-online.../#
"Este libro muestra lo que el observador puede disfrutar en el telescopio, no lo que un astrónomo aficionado involucrado en la astrofotografía"
Una especialidad de su guía es que publican sus fotos de objetos Messier, pero el tiempo de exposición fue elegido tan corto que estas fotos imitan, una especie de, la impresión visual: ¿qué pueden ver nuestros ojos a través de un telescopio desde el objeto? Se puede comparar tal imagen con los dibujos de estos dos observadores.
Este libro es recomendado a todos los astrófilos, especialmente principiantes.
Información Compartida por:
Carlo Muccini
Agradecemos muy especialmente a César Vega, publicista y uno de los coordinadores del Club de Ciencia Ficción de Medellín, por su repetido apoyo en la elaboracion del afiche de invitación a nuestra charla.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7F9XJdVPK9I
Observar en una noche 110 objetos celestes es una tarea valiente que requiere preparación, buen estado físico y excelente conocimiento del cielo.
Los objetos Messier son 110 objetos entre cúmulos estelares, nebulosas y galaxias catalogadas en el siglo XVIII por el astrónomo francés Charles Messier. Son observados en la estación en la cual están mejor ubicados en el cielo de la primera parte de la noche. En los años 70´s del siglo pasado, los observadores del cielo en diferentes partes el mundo encontraron que ningún objeto se encontraba cerca del Cuadrado del Pegaso. Así, cuando el Sol está localizado en esta parte del cielo, durante mediados y finales del mes de Marzo de cada año, es posible observar los 110 objetos durante toda la noche. Las primeras “maratones Messier” fueron organizadas por Tom Reiland y Tom Hoffelder en Pittsburg y Don Machholz en San José. Esto se conoció rápidamente en otras partes y hoy los clubes de astronomía alrededor del mundo realizan estas maratones. Los observadores están durante toda la noche tratando de observar los 110 objetos antes de que el Sol vuelva a aparecer. Es una tarea valiente que requiere preparación avanzada, condición física y buen conocimiento del cielo. Fuente: NightSky Magazine – Marzo/Abril 2006
https://www.slideshare.net/.../resea-de-la-conferencia...
En ésta charla hablaremos de cómo construir esta aventura.
Por:
Elkin Ramiro Mesa Ochoa
Médico - Aficionado a la Astronomía.
Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía
(SJG - Astronomy) Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Departamento de Antioquia, República de Colombia, América del Sur.
El documento conmemora el centenario del humanista Jorge Rodríguez Arbeláez y resume su vida y obra. Rodríguez Arbeláez fundó el Instituto de Integración Cultural en Antioquia en 1968 para promover el diálogo interdisciplinario. A pesar de dificultades financieras, el instituto continuó sus actividades culturales y científicas. El documento también destaca los desafíos actuales de promover el humanismo y la solidaridad en un mundo cada vez más globalizado e incierto.
This document provides an overview of exoplanets and their discovery. It discusses how the first exoplanet was discovered in 1995 using the radial velocity method by detecting wobbles in a star's movement. The Kepler Space Telescope, launched in 2009, significantly advanced exoplanet discovery through the transit method of detecting dips in starlight as planets pass in front. To date over 3,000 exoplanets have been confirmed across the galaxy, with an estimated trillion planets in the Milky Way alone, showing that small, Earth-sized planets are very common. Current telescopes continue working to find and characterize more exoplanets and their atmospheres.
This document discusses black holes and their properties. It begins with an introduction to black holes and their structure, including their singularity, event horizon, and accretion disks. It then covers different types of black holes like stellar-mass and supermassive black holes. The document discusses how light behaves near black holes and facts about them. Specific black holes like Sagittarius A* and Cygnus X-1 are mentioned. The formation and growth of black holes over time is summarized. Stephen Hawking's theory about black hole radiation is briefly outlined. The document concludes by discussing how astronomers locate black holes and the ongoing controversy around whether information can escape from black holes.
A star is a ball of plasma held together by gravity that undergoes nuclear fusion at its core, releasing electromagnetic radiation. Stars exist along a spectrum from hot, blue stars to cooler, red stars and can be classified based on their temperature, luminosity, and color. A star's life cycle begins as a contracting nebula and progresses through stages such as the main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, and white dwarf before ending as a neutron star or black hole.
Essays On the History of Rocketry and Astronuatics - NASA Conference Publicat...Champs Elysee Roldan
Essays on the History
of Rocketry and Astronautics:
Proceedings of the Third Through
the Sixth History Symposium
of the International Academy
of Astronautics - NASA Conference Publication 2014
Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences, with early civilizations like those in ancient China and at Stonehenge making careful records of astronomical phenomena. The field advanced significantly with Greek philosophers and scientists developing early mathematical models. Claudius Ptolemy created an influential geocentric model of the Solar System in his work The Almagest. Later, Nicolaus Copernicus developed the first heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center. Johannes Kepler then established his three laws of planetary motion, and Isaac Newton later formulated his law of universal gravitation and invented calculus, greatly advancing our understanding of astronomy.
1. This document discusses exoplanets and the possibility of life existing on them.
2. It provides information on the transit method used to detect exoplanets and describes how astronomers analyzed data from 3 stars, one with a confirmed exoplanet, to detect changes in brightness indicating a planet.
3. Specific exoplanets thought to potentially support life are mentioned, including Gliese 581 d which is suggested to have conditions making life possible due to possessing water, an atmosphere, and temperatures within the habitable range.
Agradecemos muy especialmente a César Vega, publicista y uno de los coordinadores del Club de Ciencia Ficción de Medellín, por su repetido apoyo en la elaboracion del afiche de invitación a nuestra charla.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7F9XJdVPK9I
Observar en una noche 110 objetos celestes es una tarea valiente que requiere preparación, buen estado físico y excelente conocimiento del cielo.
Los objetos Messier son 110 objetos entre cúmulos estelares, nebulosas y galaxias catalogadas en el siglo XVIII por el astrónomo francés Charles Messier. Son observados en la estación en la cual están mejor ubicados en el cielo de la primera parte de la noche. En los años 70´s del siglo pasado, los observadores del cielo en diferentes partes el mundo encontraron que ningún objeto se encontraba cerca del Cuadrado del Pegaso. Así, cuando el Sol está localizado en esta parte del cielo, durante mediados y finales del mes de Marzo de cada año, es posible observar los 110 objetos durante toda la noche. Las primeras “maratones Messier” fueron organizadas por Tom Reiland y Tom Hoffelder en Pittsburg y Don Machholz en San José. Esto se conoció rápidamente en otras partes y hoy los clubes de astronomía alrededor del mundo realizan estas maratones. Los observadores están durante toda la noche tratando de observar los 110 objetos antes de que el Sol vuelva a aparecer. Es una tarea valiente que requiere preparación avanzada, condición física y buen conocimiento del cielo. Fuente: NightSky Magazine – Marzo/Abril 2006
https://www.slideshare.net/.../resea-de-la-conferencia...
En ésta charla hablaremos de cómo construir esta aventura.
Por:
Elkin Ramiro Mesa Ochoa
Médico - Aficionado a la Astronomía.
Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía
(SJG - Astronomy) Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Departamento de Antioquia, República de Colombia, América del Sur.
El documento conmemora el centenario del humanista Jorge Rodríguez Arbeláez y resume su vida y obra. Rodríguez Arbeláez fundó el Instituto de Integración Cultural en Antioquia en 1968 para promover el diálogo interdisciplinario. A pesar de dificultades financieras, el instituto continuó sus actividades culturales y científicas. El documento también destaca los desafíos actuales de promover el humanismo y la solidaridad en un mundo cada vez más globalizado e incierto.
This document provides an overview of exoplanets and their discovery. It discusses how the first exoplanet was discovered in 1995 using the radial velocity method by detecting wobbles in a star's movement. The Kepler Space Telescope, launched in 2009, significantly advanced exoplanet discovery through the transit method of detecting dips in starlight as planets pass in front. To date over 3,000 exoplanets have been confirmed across the galaxy, with an estimated trillion planets in the Milky Way alone, showing that small, Earth-sized planets are very common. Current telescopes continue working to find and characterize more exoplanets and their atmospheres.
This document discusses black holes and their properties. It begins with an introduction to black holes and their structure, including their singularity, event horizon, and accretion disks. It then covers different types of black holes like stellar-mass and supermassive black holes. The document discusses how light behaves near black holes and facts about them. Specific black holes like Sagittarius A* and Cygnus X-1 are mentioned. The formation and growth of black holes over time is summarized. Stephen Hawking's theory about black hole radiation is briefly outlined. The document concludes by discussing how astronomers locate black holes and the ongoing controversy around whether information can escape from black holes.
A star is a ball of plasma held together by gravity that undergoes nuclear fusion at its core, releasing electromagnetic radiation. Stars exist along a spectrum from hot, blue stars to cooler, red stars and can be classified based on their temperature, luminosity, and color. A star's life cycle begins as a contracting nebula and progresses through stages such as the main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, and white dwarf before ending as a neutron star or black hole.
Essays On the History of Rocketry and Astronuatics - NASA Conference Publicat...Champs Elysee Roldan
Essays on the History
of Rocketry and Astronautics:
Proceedings of the Third Through
the Sixth History Symposium
of the International Academy
of Astronautics - NASA Conference Publication 2014
Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences, with early civilizations like those in ancient China and at Stonehenge making careful records of astronomical phenomena. The field advanced significantly with Greek philosophers and scientists developing early mathematical models. Claudius Ptolemy created an influential geocentric model of the Solar System in his work The Almagest. Later, Nicolaus Copernicus developed the first heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center. Johannes Kepler then established his three laws of planetary motion, and Isaac Newton later formulated his law of universal gravitation and invented calculus, greatly advancing our understanding of astronomy.
1. This document discusses exoplanets and the possibility of life existing on them.
2. It provides information on the transit method used to detect exoplanets and describes how astronomers analyzed data from 3 stars, one with a confirmed exoplanet, to detect changes in brightness indicating a planet.
3. Specific exoplanets thought to potentially support life are mentioned, including Gliese 581 d which is suggested to have conditions making life possible due to possessing water, an atmosphere, and temperatures within the habitable range.
It is said that fact is sometimes stranger than fiction, and nowhere is this more true than in the case of black holes. Black holes are stranger than anything dreamt up by science fiction writers, but they are firmly matters of science ~fact.
This document provides an overview of several topics in astrophysics, including:
1. It discusses stars and their properties like mass, luminosity, temperature, and the proton-proton chain reaction.
2. It covers neutrinos and their characteristics.
3. It describes neutron stars and their properties, how they are formed in supernovas, and provides some details about Supernova 1987A.
4. It discusses pulsars and their discovery, and properties of neutron stars.
Black holes form from dying massive stars and are regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They have an event horizon boundary and extreme density at the singularity at the center. Small stellar black holes form from supernovae, while supermassive black holes with masses of billions of suns are found at the centers of galaxies. Matter falling into a black hole's intense gravity is stretched or "spaghettified" as it crosses the event horizon.
The document provides a summary of modern scientific theories about the origins of the universe from the Big Bang to the formation of stars and galaxies. It discusses how after the Big Bang around 13 billion years ago, the universe rapidly expanded from an incredibly small and hot size. Around 300,000 years later, the first atoms like hydrogen and helium formed as the universe continued expanding and cooling. Gravity eventually pulled matter together, forming dense clouds that collapsed under their own weight and spawned the first stars and galaxies. Our own solar system formed around 4.6 billion years ago from the debris of the Sun.
Astronomy is known as the science of the entire universe beyond the Earth. It includes the Earth’s gross physical properties: its mass and rotation, as they interact with other bodies of the solar system.
Hey I'm DIVYA SHREE NANDINI. I'm here with my new presentation on Black Hole. I'm sure you'll find it interesting. well first thing what is black hole- "Black hole, cosmic body of extremely intense gravity from which nothing, not even light, can escape. A black hole can be formed by the death of a massive star. When such a star has exhausted the internal thermonuclear fuels in its core at the end of its life, the core becomes unstable and gravitationally collapses inward upon itself, and the star’s outer layers are blown away. The crushing weight of constituent matter falling in from all sides compresses the dying star to a point of zero volume and infinite density called the singularity." wanna know more about it then come with me. :)
The document provides information about astrophysics and the universe. It discusses the solar system including the sun and planets. It then discusses galaxies including spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies. It also covers constellations, nebulae such as the Eagle Nebula and Crab Nebula, and supernovas.
The document introduces black holes by discussing their origins from proposals in the 18th century and definitions put forth by Einstein. It describes black holes as regions of space where gravity is so strong that not even light can escape, and that are created when large stars collapse at the end of their life cycles. The document outlines three main types of black holes and describes the key parts of black holes, including their event horizons, singularities, accretion disks, and ergospheres. Hawking radiation, in which black holes are predicted to emit and evaporate over time via quantum effects, is also summarized.
Scientists have discovered over 1,500 exoplanets orbiting stars other than our sun. Exoplanets are difficult to see directly due to their distance and small size, so astronomers use indirect detection methods like observing the dimming of stars during planetary transits or measuring stellar wobbling from planetary gravitational pulls. The first confirmed exoplanet, discovered in 1992, opened the door to finding thousands of other candidates, with newer space telescopes like Spitzer able to detect Earth-sized planets in habitable zones of their stars.
This is an introduction to stars, including the basics of observing and classifying stars as well as their evolution and life cycle. This is a modification of a presentation I found online.
Neutron stars are extremely dense collapsed stars sometimes left behind after a supernova explosion. They are created when giant stars die in supernovas and their cores collapse, compressing the protons and electrons into neutrons. Neutron stars have a diameter of only 20 kilometers but contain 1.5 times the mass of the Sun concentrated into that small, dense space. White dwarfs are stellar remnants composed mainly of electron-degenerate matter. They have a mass comparable to the Sun's but contained within a volume comparable to Earth's. In the future, as the Sun dies it will expand into a red giant, engulfing the inner planets, before collapsing into a hot, dense white dwarf.
Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe made accurate measurements of planetary positions which he shared with Johannes Kepler. Kepler found that Mars' orbit was elliptical rather than circular as previously believed. He developed his three laws of planetary motion based on Mars' orbit: 1) planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus, 2) connecting swept areas equal over time, 3) the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun. Kepler's laws helped Isaac Newton later establish his law of universal gravitation.
This document provides information about black holes, including their structure, theories about their formation and properties, and how they are detected. It discusses that a black hole has a singularity at its center with infinite density, is surrounded by an event horizon beyond which nothing can escape, and may be accompanied by an accretion disk and jets. It also describes Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and Cygnus X-1, the first identified black hole.
1. The document discusses the history of astronomy from ancient Greek ideas of a geocentric universe to Copernicus' heliocentric model.
2. Key figures discussed include Ptolemy, who developed the geocentric model that dominated for over 1000 years, and Copernicus, who proposed placing the Sun at the center.
3. Kepler later determined that planets orbit in ellipses rather than circles, establishing his three laws of planetary motion.
Galaxies are collections of gas, dust, and stars held together by gravity. There are over 125 billion galaxies in the universe. The Milky Way galaxy contains our solar system and approximately 100 billion other stars. Galaxies come in three main shapes - spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Spiral galaxies have arms spiraling out from a central bulge, while elliptical galaxies are spherical or elliptical in shape.
1. Black holes are regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycles.
2. There are two main types of black holes - static and rotating. The rotating type, known as Kerr black holes, form when collapsed stars have angular momentum.
3. As a star collapses, it passes through stages as a red giant, white dwarf, and neutron star until its mass exceeds around 3 solar masses, causing it to collapse entirely into a black hole with a singularity at its center.
1. The document discusses different units used to measure astronomical distances, including the astronomical unit (AU), light year, and parsec.
2. It explains how parallax can be used to measure distances to stars by observing the apparent shift in position of a star relative to background objects as the Earth orbits the Sun.
3. Spectroscopic parallax and studying Cepheid variable stars can also be used to determine distances. Analyzing a star's spectrum provides information to estimate its luminosity and place it on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to find distance.
1. The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13 billion years ago with the rapid expansion of matter and energy from a hot, dense state.
2. Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies exist outside the Milky Way and are moving away from each other, providing evidence that the universe is expanding.
3. Evidence for the Big Bang includes the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is remnants of light from the early universe, and relative abundances of light elements like hydrogen and helium.
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere. It includes studying stars, planets, moons, nebulae, galaxies, and other astronomical objects as well as their evolution, physics, chemistry, and interactions. Related fields include cosmology, which studies the universe as a whole, and astrophysics which applies physics to astronomical objects and phenomena. Astronomy uses various methods of observation across the electromagnetic spectrum from radio to gamma rays. Some important astronomers mentioned include Galileo, who made early observations with telescopes and contributed to the scientific revolution, Hipparchus who created one of the first star catalogs, Edwin Hubble who discovered galaxies outside the Milky Way, and Johannes Kepler who explained the motions of planets
Exoplanets are planets that orbit stars other than our sun. The Kepler space telescope discovered thousands of exoplanets since 2009. The first confirmed exoplanet, 51 Pegasi b, was discovered in 1995 orbiting a star similar to our sun. It is a gas giant that orbits very closely, allowing its orbit to be easily detected. Future missions like TESS, launching in 2018, aim to discover Earth-like exoplanets to search for life elsewhere. Direct imaging techniques are also being used to image exoplanets rather than detecting them through their star's wobble. Thousands of exoplanets have been found, but most so far are gas or ice giants, though some rocky planets exist, leaving the possibility of life unknown.
How to start observations of variable stars with a webcamera. A short review of the characteristic constellations and methods which allow us to find stars suitable for amateur observations in the sky.
The document discusses various tools and measures used in astronomy. It describes telescopes like radio telescopes, x-ray telescopes, gamma ray telescopes, and reflecting telescopes like the Hubble Space Telescope. It also discusses astrolabes and spectroscopes. For units of measure, it outlines the astronomical unit of time as days, units of mass as solar masses and Jupiter masses, and the astronomical unit of length as approximately 149,597,870,700 meters.
It is said that fact is sometimes stranger than fiction, and nowhere is this more true than in the case of black holes. Black holes are stranger than anything dreamt up by science fiction writers, but they are firmly matters of science ~fact.
This document provides an overview of several topics in astrophysics, including:
1. It discusses stars and their properties like mass, luminosity, temperature, and the proton-proton chain reaction.
2. It covers neutrinos and their characteristics.
3. It describes neutron stars and their properties, how they are formed in supernovas, and provides some details about Supernova 1987A.
4. It discusses pulsars and their discovery, and properties of neutron stars.
Black holes form from dying massive stars and are regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They have an event horizon boundary and extreme density at the singularity at the center. Small stellar black holes form from supernovae, while supermassive black holes with masses of billions of suns are found at the centers of galaxies. Matter falling into a black hole's intense gravity is stretched or "spaghettified" as it crosses the event horizon.
The document provides a summary of modern scientific theories about the origins of the universe from the Big Bang to the formation of stars and galaxies. It discusses how after the Big Bang around 13 billion years ago, the universe rapidly expanded from an incredibly small and hot size. Around 300,000 years later, the first atoms like hydrogen and helium formed as the universe continued expanding and cooling. Gravity eventually pulled matter together, forming dense clouds that collapsed under their own weight and spawned the first stars and galaxies. Our own solar system formed around 4.6 billion years ago from the debris of the Sun.
Astronomy is known as the science of the entire universe beyond the Earth. It includes the Earth’s gross physical properties: its mass and rotation, as they interact with other bodies of the solar system.
Hey I'm DIVYA SHREE NANDINI. I'm here with my new presentation on Black Hole. I'm sure you'll find it interesting. well first thing what is black hole- "Black hole, cosmic body of extremely intense gravity from which nothing, not even light, can escape. A black hole can be formed by the death of a massive star. When such a star has exhausted the internal thermonuclear fuels in its core at the end of its life, the core becomes unstable and gravitationally collapses inward upon itself, and the star’s outer layers are blown away. The crushing weight of constituent matter falling in from all sides compresses the dying star to a point of zero volume and infinite density called the singularity." wanna know more about it then come with me. :)
The document provides information about astrophysics and the universe. It discusses the solar system including the sun and planets. It then discusses galaxies including spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies. It also covers constellations, nebulae such as the Eagle Nebula and Crab Nebula, and supernovas.
The document introduces black holes by discussing their origins from proposals in the 18th century and definitions put forth by Einstein. It describes black holes as regions of space where gravity is so strong that not even light can escape, and that are created when large stars collapse at the end of their life cycles. The document outlines three main types of black holes and describes the key parts of black holes, including their event horizons, singularities, accretion disks, and ergospheres. Hawking radiation, in which black holes are predicted to emit and evaporate over time via quantum effects, is also summarized.
Scientists have discovered over 1,500 exoplanets orbiting stars other than our sun. Exoplanets are difficult to see directly due to their distance and small size, so astronomers use indirect detection methods like observing the dimming of stars during planetary transits or measuring stellar wobbling from planetary gravitational pulls. The first confirmed exoplanet, discovered in 1992, opened the door to finding thousands of other candidates, with newer space telescopes like Spitzer able to detect Earth-sized planets in habitable zones of their stars.
This is an introduction to stars, including the basics of observing and classifying stars as well as their evolution and life cycle. This is a modification of a presentation I found online.
Neutron stars are extremely dense collapsed stars sometimes left behind after a supernova explosion. They are created when giant stars die in supernovas and their cores collapse, compressing the protons and electrons into neutrons. Neutron stars have a diameter of only 20 kilometers but contain 1.5 times the mass of the Sun concentrated into that small, dense space. White dwarfs are stellar remnants composed mainly of electron-degenerate matter. They have a mass comparable to the Sun's but contained within a volume comparable to Earth's. In the future, as the Sun dies it will expand into a red giant, engulfing the inner planets, before collapsing into a hot, dense white dwarf.
Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe made accurate measurements of planetary positions which he shared with Johannes Kepler. Kepler found that Mars' orbit was elliptical rather than circular as previously believed. He developed his three laws of planetary motion based on Mars' orbit: 1) planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus, 2) connecting swept areas equal over time, 3) the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun. Kepler's laws helped Isaac Newton later establish his law of universal gravitation.
This document provides information about black holes, including their structure, theories about their formation and properties, and how they are detected. It discusses that a black hole has a singularity at its center with infinite density, is surrounded by an event horizon beyond which nothing can escape, and may be accompanied by an accretion disk and jets. It also describes Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and Cygnus X-1, the first identified black hole.
1. The document discusses the history of astronomy from ancient Greek ideas of a geocentric universe to Copernicus' heliocentric model.
2. Key figures discussed include Ptolemy, who developed the geocentric model that dominated for over 1000 years, and Copernicus, who proposed placing the Sun at the center.
3. Kepler later determined that planets orbit in ellipses rather than circles, establishing his three laws of planetary motion.
Galaxies are collections of gas, dust, and stars held together by gravity. There are over 125 billion galaxies in the universe. The Milky Way galaxy contains our solar system and approximately 100 billion other stars. Galaxies come in three main shapes - spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Spiral galaxies have arms spiraling out from a central bulge, while elliptical galaxies are spherical or elliptical in shape.
1. Black holes are regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycles.
2. There are two main types of black holes - static and rotating. The rotating type, known as Kerr black holes, form when collapsed stars have angular momentum.
3. As a star collapses, it passes through stages as a red giant, white dwarf, and neutron star until its mass exceeds around 3 solar masses, causing it to collapse entirely into a black hole with a singularity at its center.
1. The document discusses different units used to measure astronomical distances, including the astronomical unit (AU), light year, and parsec.
2. It explains how parallax can be used to measure distances to stars by observing the apparent shift in position of a star relative to background objects as the Earth orbits the Sun.
3. Spectroscopic parallax and studying Cepheid variable stars can also be used to determine distances. Analyzing a star's spectrum provides information to estimate its luminosity and place it on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to find distance.
1. The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13 billion years ago with the rapid expansion of matter and energy from a hot, dense state.
2. Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies exist outside the Milky Way and are moving away from each other, providing evidence that the universe is expanding.
3. Evidence for the Big Bang includes the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is remnants of light from the early universe, and relative abundances of light elements like hydrogen and helium.
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere. It includes studying stars, planets, moons, nebulae, galaxies, and other astronomical objects as well as their evolution, physics, chemistry, and interactions. Related fields include cosmology, which studies the universe as a whole, and astrophysics which applies physics to astronomical objects and phenomena. Astronomy uses various methods of observation across the electromagnetic spectrum from radio to gamma rays. Some important astronomers mentioned include Galileo, who made early observations with telescopes and contributed to the scientific revolution, Hipparchus who created one of the first star catalogs, Edwin Hubble who discovered galaxies outside the Milky Way, and Johannes Kepler who explained the motions of planets
Exoplanets are planets that orbit stars other than our sun. The Kepler space telescope discovered thousands of exoplanets since 2009. The first confirmed exoplanet, 51 Pegasi b, was discovered in 1995 orbiting a star similar to our sun. It is a gas giant that orbits very closely, allowing its orbit to be easily detected. Future missions like TESS, launching in 2018, aim to discover Earth-like exoplanets to search for life elsewhere. Direct imaging techniques are also being used to image exoplanets rather than detecting them through their star's wobble. Thousands of exoplanets have been found, but most so far are gas or ice giants, though some rocky planets exist, leaving the possibility of life unknown.
How to start observations of variable stars with a webcamera. A short review of the characteristic constellations and methods which allow us to find stars suitable for amateur observations in the sky.
The document discusses various tools and measures used in astronomy. It describes telescopes like radio telescopes, x-ray telescopes, gamma ray telescopes, and reflecting telescopes like the Hubble Space Telescope. It also discusses astrolabes and spectroscopes. For units of measure, it outlines the astronomical unit of time as days, units of mass as solar masses and Jupiter masses, and the astronomical unit of length as approximately 149,597,870,700 meters.
Mapa celeste calculado para el Ecuador, por lo tanto adecuado para la observación desde Colombia. Cielo y eventos para enero de 2021.
Información compartida por Andrés Mejía Valencia
Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía de Medellín - Antioquia - República de Colombia - América del Sur.
Optical telescopes use either lenses or mirrors to gather and focus light, allowing astronomers to see objects that are too faint or distant to view with the naked eye. Refracting telescopes use lenses to bend and focus light, while reflecting telescopes use curved mirrors. Spectroscopy reveals properties of astronomical objects like temperature, velocity, and composition by separating light into its component wavelengths. Astronomers use several techniques to measure the vast distances to stars and galaxies, including trigonometric parallax for nearby stars, and variable star properties like period-luminosity relationships for more distant objects.
This document provides information about different types of telescopes. It describes refracting telescopes which use lenses, reflecting telescopes which use mirrors, and catadioptric telescopes which use a combination of lenses and mirrors. It explains the basic components and functions of telescopes, such as how they collect and focus light using objectives and eyepieces to magnify images. Examples are given of popular telescope models and some of the largest modern telescopes. The history of telescope development is briefly outlined from Galileo's early refracting telescopes to today's large research instruments.
The Hubble Space Telescope was proposed in the 1920s and developed over several decades with contributions from NASA, ESA, and astronomers. It was launched in 1990 and has helped astronomers determine the age of the universe is around 13-14 billion years. Hubble orbits Earth and is able to observe distant objects without interference from the atmosphere. It has undergone several servicing missions and instrument upgrades to continue making new discoveries.
An energetic stellar_outburst_accompanied_by_circumstellar_light_echoesSérgio Sacani
1) V838 Monocerotis (V838 Mon) underwent an energetic stellar outburst in early 2002, temporarily becoming the brightest star in the Milky Way. 2) Hubble Space Telescope images revealed expanding light echoes in the circumstellar dust surrounding V838 Mon, allowing astronomers to set a minimum distance of over 6 kiloparsecs. 3) The light echoes, combined with the object's high luminosity and evidence that it resides in a binary system, indicate that V838 Mon represents a new class of stellar outburst not fully explained by current models.
The Michelson-Morley experiment was conducted between 1887 and 1926 using increasingly precise interferometers to attempt to detect the hypothesized luminiferous ether and measure the speed of Earth through it. Michelson and Morley's 1887 experiment at Case Western Reserve University used an 11 meter interferometer and found no detectable fringe shift, contrary to predictions. Subsequent repeated experiments by multiple observers using improved designs up to 32 meters also found no detectable fringe shift, establishing that the luminiferous ether hypothesis was invalid and that the speed of light appears constant regardless of the motion of the light source. This result was one of the important experimental evidences leading to the development of special relativity.
This document provides an overview of astronomy night hosted by the Sussex County Amateur Radio Club. It discusses what astronomy is, including the study of celestial objects across optical and non-optical wavelengths. It also describes radio astronomy, which studies celestial objects at radio frequencies. The document outlines different types of telescopes used in optical and radio astronomy and how they are used to observe different astronomical phenomena like stars, galaxies, and nebulae.
This document provides a summary of Annalisa Calamida's background and experience. She is currently a postdoctoral research associate at the National Optical Astronomy Observatory studying faint white dwarfs with Hubble Space Telescope images. Her research interests include globular clusters, the Galactic bulge, stellar evolution, and variable stars. She has extensive experience reducing imaging and spectroscopic data as well as simulating observations for future telescopes. Calamida has authored or co-authored over 15 refereed publications on topics related to globular clusters and the Galactic bulge.
The document provides information on astrophysics, astronomy, the universe, galaxies, the Sun, and the layers and components of the Sun. It discusses the history of astronomy and how our understanding has developed since the mid-1800s. It also summarizes the history of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics and the 6-inch telescope located there. The 6-inch telescope's components and how it is used to focus images of sunspots are described.
A telescope is an instrument that collects electromagnetic radiation to aid in observing distant objects. There are two main types of telescopes: refracting telescopes, which use lenses, and reflecting telescopes, which use mirrors. Refracting telescopes were invented first in 1608 and helped discoveries like Galileo's observation of Jupiter's moons, while reflecting telescopes were developed later due to producing clearer images. Both telescope types work by collecting and focusing light using the principles of refraction for lenses or reflection for mirrors to magnify distant objects.
Topic: Telescope and the Universe
Type: Analysis
Subject: Astronomy
Academic Level: Undergraduate
Style: Oxford Language: English (U.S)
Number of Pages: 3 (double-spaced, Times New Roman, Font 12)
Number of sources: 2
Task Details
Analyze how the telescope changed our view of the universe and our place in it
Find more here: https://writersperhour.com/analysis-papers
This document discusses the properties and uses of telescopes. It begins by explaining that telescopes collect and focus light to observe astronomical objects using electromagnetic radiation across the spectrum. It then discusses key topics like the nature of light as waves, the development of reflecting telescopes, and factors that influence a telescope's capabilities such as light gathering power and resolution. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts and the limitations of different telescope designs.
Radio astronomy is a fascinating science and it studies the Universe by detecting radio emission from many objects like the Sun, the Milky way, planets, galaxies and nebulas. In this presentation Filippo Bradaschia, PrimaLuceLab president and co-founder, gives an overview on radio astronomy history and basic physics. Then he introduces the most important radio sources in the Universe and the SPIDER affordable radio telescopes developed by PrimaLuceLab with Radio2Space brand. These instruments allow any school, university, museum or science institute to make real radio astronomy with powerful but affordable, compact and easy to use radio telescopes.
APA FormatAssociate in Business Administration-Management.docxrossskuddershamus
APA Format
Associate in Business Administration-Management
Outline a strategic plan for yourself to begin planning for a job after graduation (assume you have finished your degree). Include your value proposition, targeted organizations, objectives, strategies, and the internal and external factors that may affect your plans.
Explain your key strengths like you were creating some promotional material about “Brand You” – this becomes your sales material for the interview
Michael Seeds
Dana Backman
Chapter 9
The Family of Stars
*
[Love] is the star to
every wandering bark,
Whose worth’s unknown,
although his height be taken.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
Sonnet 116
*
Shakespeare compared love to a star that can be seen easily and even used for guidance, but whose real nature is utterly unknown. He lived at about the same time as Galileo and had no idea what stars actually are.
*
To understand the history of the universe, the origin of Earth, and the nature of our human existence, you need to discover what people in Shakespeare’s time did not know:The real nature of the stars
*
Unfortunately, it is quite difficult to find out what a star is like. When you look at a star even through a telescope, you see only a point of light. Real understanding of stars requires careful analysis of starlight.
*
This chapter concentrates on five goals:Knowing how far away stars are How much energy they emit What their surface temperatures are How big they are How much mass they contain
*
Star DistancesDistance is the most important, and the most difficult, measurement in astronomy.
*
Astronomers have many different ways to find the distances to stars. Each of those ways depends on a simple and direct geometrical method that is much like the method surveyors would use to measure the distance across a river they cannot cross. You can begin by reviewing that method and then apply it to stars.
Star Distances
*
To measure the distance across a river, a team of surveyors begins by driving two stakes into the ground. The distance between the stakes is called the baseline.
The Surveyor’s Triangulation Method
*
Then, they choose a landmark on the opposite side of the river, perhaps a tree.This establishes a large triangle marked by the two stakes and the tree. Using their instruments,
they sight the tree
from the two ends of
the baseline and measure
the two angles on
their side of the river.
The Surveyor’s Triangulation Method
*
Then, they can find the distance across the river by simple trigonometry.So, if the baseline is
50 meters and the angles
are 66° and 71°, they
would calculate that
the distance from the
baseline to the tree is
64 meters.
The Surveyor’s Triangulation Method
*
To find the distance to a star, astronomers use a very long baseline:The diameter of Earth’s orbit
The Astronomer’s Triangulation Method
*
If you take a photo of a nearby star and then wait six months, E.
- Sundials use the sun's position to tell time and can only be used outdoors during daylight hours without cloud cover. Ancient examples were placed in prominent locations to indicate solstices and equinoxes.
- Stonehenges were used as celestial calendars, burial sites, sacrificial altars, and defensive structures in ancient times.
- Telescopes allow viewing of distant celestial objects like stars, planets, and galaxies. The Hubble Space Telescope is the most advanced telescope currently in use.
Edwin Hubble used the 48-inch Palomar Telescope in 1949 to make discoveries. There are three main types of telescopes: refractors which use lenses, reflectors which use mirrors, and compound telescopes which use both lenses and mirrors. The aperture and focal length of a telescope determine its light gathering ability and magnification. Atmospheric conditions like light pollution, turbulence, and temperature affect telescope views.
Similar to Visual_Guide_to_Messier-objects_HT-Vgy_2023_ENG.pdf (20)
STUDY OF THE COMET 12P/PONS-BROOKS.A. Q. Vodniza1, 1Director of University of...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
ntroduction: This comet was discovered by Jean-
Louis Pons on July 12/1812, and re-discovered by
William Robert Brooks in 1883. It’s believed that
Chinese astronomers could have observed it back in
the year 1300 [1]. This comet will reach its perihelion
on April 21/2024 at a distance of 0.781 AU [2]. It will
get closest to Earth on June 2 of the same year. The
cometary nucleus is approximately 17 +/- 6 kilometers
[3]. The comet is famous for its explosions: at least
seven major explosions have been observed since the
19th century and in 2023 they have been detected on
July 20, October 5, November 1, November 14 [4].
The comet is of the criovolcanic type and produces
explosions that are created by the degassing of the
carbon dioxide in the nucleus. Unlike most comets, the
gas and ice inside this comet accumulate so much that
this celestial object can explode violently, shooting
material called cryomagma through large cracks in the
nucleus’ shell [5].
Methodology:
CAPITULO4_EL_PRINCIPITO:De esta manera supe una segunda cosa muy importante: ...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
El Principito – Capítulo 4
De esta manera supe una segunda cosa muy importante: su planeta de origen era apenas más grande que una casa
Esto no podía asombrarme mucho. Sabía muy bien que aparte de los grandes planetas como la Tierra, Júpiter, Marte, Venus, a los cuales se les ha dado nombre, existen otros centenares
de ellos tan pequeños a veces, que es difícil distinguirlos aun con la ayuda del telescopio.
Cuando un astrónomo descubre uno de estos planetas, le da por nombre un número. Le llama, por ejemplo, «el asteroide 3251» ((423624) Udeantioquia)
Teoría Cuántica de
Campos y su Interfaz
con Física de Astro-
Partículas y Astronomía
de Ondas
Gravitacionales.
Editor: Herman J. Mosquera Cuesta.
Co-Editores: Fabián H. Zuluaga Giraldo,
Wilmer Daniel Alfonso P.,
Edgardo J. Marbello Santrich.
INTECH_OPEN/2024.
La ecuación más larga en física
El modelo Lagrangiano es una expresión matemática que resume el Modelo Estándar de física de partículas, que es la teoría más exitosa de las interacciones fundamentales entre partículas elementales.
Se compone de cuatro partes diferentes, cada una de las cuales describe un aspecto diferente del Modelo Estándar.
El modelo lagrangiano está escrito en una notación compacta que utiliza símbolos y operadores de la teoría cuántica de campos, como derivadas covariantes, tensores de intensidad de campo, matrices de Dirac y generadores de grupos de calibre.
También utiliza varias constantes y parámetros que se determinan mediante experimentos, como constantes de acoplamiento, masas y ángulos de mezcla. Es una de las ecuaciones más largas de la física porque contiene muchos términos y factores que explican todas las posibles interacciones y simetrías del modelo estándar.
Fue transcrito por Thomas Gutiérrez, quien lo derivó de Diagrammatica: The Path to Feynman Diagrams de Martinus Veltman.
Cómo usan el baño los astronautas en el espacio? - Abril 4, 2024 - space.comSOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
¿Cómo usan el baño los astronautas en el espacio?
Por Robert Lea
Fuente: https://www.space.com/how-do-astronauts-go-to-bathroom-in-space-toilet-
guide
Publicado el 4 de abril de 2024
¡Para ir con valentía! Los astronautas pueden parecer sobrehumanos, pero tienen
las mismas necesidades básicas que el resto de nosotros, y eso incluye usar el baño
en el espacio.
¿Cómo usan los astronautas el baño en el espacio? Es un poco complicado... (Crédito de la imagen:
Daisy Dobrijevic producida en Canva)
"Hazlo con el traje"
Esas fueron las desconcertantes palabras que el primer estadounidense en el
espacio, Alan Shepherd, escuchó el 5 de mayo de 1961, cuando avisó al equipo de
la plataforma de lanzamiento que necesitaba orinar. Shepherd hizo lo que le
indicaron, orinó en su traje espacial y provocó un cortocircuito en sus biosensores
electrónicos.
El traje espacial de Shepherd no estaba equipado con un sistema de recolección de
orina porque no se esperaba que su misión durara lo suficiente como para que
necesitara orinar.
Información editada y compartida vía:
Elkin Ramiro Mesa Ochoa
Médico - Universidada de Antioquia - Alma Máter UdeA.
Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Antioquia-Departamento Aeroespacial de la República de Colombia, América del Sur.
https://youtube.com/live/y8HxJIFedcM
Agradecemos muy especialmente a Olga Lucía Penagos Eastman, diseñadora gráfica y aficionada a la astronomía, por la elaboración del afiche de invitación a nuestra charla.
Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Antioquia-Departamento Aeroespacial de la República de Colombia, América del Sur.
TO BE HUMAN, IT SEEMS, IS TO SEEK PURPOSE IN OUR
TRANSIENT lives. Many people find meaning in the eyes of their children
or in the words of Scripture, but I discovered it on a beach outside a Hyatt
Regency in Aruba. I had journeyed south that winter of 1998 to escape the
snows of Boston and, more notably, to take in nature’s grandest spectacle, a
total solar eclipse, which would cross the Caribbean on a Thursday
afternoon in late February. As a science journalist, I thought I knew what to
expect. For 174 seconds, the blue sky would blacken, stars would appear,
and the sun would manifest its ethereal outer atmosphere, the solar corona.
What I had not anticipated was my own intense reaction to the display.
For three glorious minutes, I felt transported to another planet, indeed to a higher plane of reality, as my consciousness departed the earth and I gaped at an alien sky. Above me, in the dim vault of the heavens, shone an incomprehensible object. It looked like an enormous wreath woven from silvery thread, and it hung suspended in the immensity of space, shimmering.
As I stood transfixed by this vision, I felt something I had never experienced before—a visceral connection to the universe—and I became an umbraphile, an eclipse chaser, one who has since obsessively stalked the moon’s shadow —across Europe, Asia, Australia—for yet a few more fleeting moments of lunar nirvana.
Medellín, viernes 23 de febrero de 2024.
CITACIÓN A LA ASAMBLEA ANUAL ORDINARIA
La junta directiva de la SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO convoca a todos los miembros a la Asamblea Anual Ordinaria, que se efectuará el día sábado 23 de marzo de 2024 a las 10:00 a.m. en forma virtual, en la plataforma: https://meet.jit.si/asambleasjg2024.
Nota: La clave de acceso a la sala de la asamblea será compartida a los socios el día sábado 23 de marzo con dos horas de anticipación en el grupo de WhatsApp de la Sociedad.
El orden del día será el siguiente:
ORDEN DEL DÍA
1º.- Verificación del quórum.
2º.- Nombramiento de la Comisión de Aprobación del Acta. 3º.- Aprobación del Orden del Día.
4º.- Informe del Director. 5º.- Informe del Tesorero.
6º.- Informe del Revisor Fiscal.
7º.- Designación de la nueva Junta Directiva. 8º.- Designación del Revisor Fiscal.
9º.- Designación del Tesorero. 10º.-Proposiciones y varios.
NOTA:
Se recomienda estar a la hora indicada; además se recuerda que cada miembro de número puede representar por escrito sólo a otro miembro de número que no pueda asistir.
Atentamente:
JUNTA DIRECTIVA SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO.
https://youtube.com/live/rIIkZoSgljs
Agradecemos a Paola Restrepo, Astrónoma y Artísta por su apoyo en la elaboración del afiche de invitación a nuestra charla de la Sociedad.
En ésta charla, Mujeres en la astronomía:
Recordaremos a algunas mujeres que han escogido observar el cielo, y explicarlo, y cuyos logros han sido reconocidos.
También abriremos un espacio para conversar sobre la situación actual de las mujeres que quieren dedicarse a la Astronomía y a las Ciencias Espaciales.
Por:
Luz Angela Cubides González.
Astrónoma (2004), Magíster en Hermenéutica Literaria (2013) y docente.
Amiga Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Antioquia-Departamento Aeroespacial de la República de Colombia, América del Sur.
Portada y contraportada de este Anuario ilustran un resultado
excepcional obtenido durante 2023: la imagen de la sombra central,
disco de acrecimiento y chorro energético en el agujero negro de la
galaxia M87. En la imagen se aprecia directamente cómo se eyecta el
chorro a partir del material que se acreta sobre el agujero negro super-
masivo. El pionero resultado fue obtenido con la red global de telesco-
pios de ondas milimétricas (GMVA), red en la que los radiotelescopios
de Yebes y del IRAM juegan un papel central. Y en el funcionamiento
de estos instrumentos resulta crucial la labor de su personal técnico
y de sus astrónomos, entre ellos los del OAN que prestan su apoyo al
Observatorio de Yebes.
También en 2023, el IGN ha realizado un importantísimo esfuerzo
para mejorar ambos radiotelescopios: el de 40-m en Yebes y el de
30-m del IRAM en Pico Veleta (Granada). En el primero se ha instalado
un espejo secundario con movimiento de balanceo (wobbler) y en el
segundo un nuevo sistema de servomecanismos. Cofinanciadas con
fondos FEDER, estas actuaciones permitirán aumentar la precisión de
ambos instrumentos al límite de las posibilidades actuales de la inge-
niería. Gracias a estas mejoras, se garantiza que los radiotelescopios
permanezcan en la vanguardia científico-tecnológica durante varias
décadas, lo que permitirá a nuestros astrónomos seguir participando
en muchos más descubrimientos y observaciones revolucionarias.
Otro hito importante alcanzado en 2023, de interés para toda la
radioastronomía nacional, ha sido la adhesión formal de España
al tratado internacional del Square Kilometre Array (SKA). De esta
forma, las empresas nacionales participarán en la construcción de
este colosal radiotelescopio, que ya ha comenzado en Australia y en
Sudáfrica, y nuestros astrónomos podrán realizar, desde primera
línea, observaciones pioneras que sin duda transformarán nuestro
conocimiento del universo.
Los artículos de divulgación no pueden faltar en este Anuario.
Ya que pronto se cumplirán 50 años del inicio de la construcción
del Observatorio de Yebes, su director, Pablo de Vicente, nos ilustra
sobre el enorme contenido tecnológico involucrado en la radioastro-
nomía, poniendo énfasis en los importantísimos desarrollos reali-
zados en Yebes. Por su parte, nuestra astrónoma Marina Rodríguez
Baras trata un tema de candente actualidad: la búsqueda de vida en
el sistema solar.
Una guía de los mejores eventos astronómicos de 2024: cuándo, dónde y cómo fo...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
Este documento proporciona una guía detallada de los principales eventos astronómicos que tendrán lugar en 2024, incluidos eclipses, lluvias de estrellas, planetas visibles y más. Incluye un calendario mes a mes de los eventos, con información sobre fechas, horas y lugares de visibilidad. Además, ofrece consejos sobre cómo planificar la observación y fotografía de estos eventos utilizando la aplicación PhotoPills. El objetivo es ayudar a los lectores a aprovechar al máximo las oportunidades
Article
Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous
Unidentified Aerial Vehicles
Kevin H. Knuth 1,2,* , Robert M. Powell 2 and Peter A. Reali 2
1 Department of Physics, University at Albany (SUNY), Albany, NY 12222, USA
2 Scientific Coalition for UAP Studies (SCU), Fort Myers, FL 33913, USA;
robertmaxpowell@gmail.com (R.M.P.); preali@cableone.net (P.A.R.)
* Correspondence: kknuth@albany.edu
Received: 21 August 2019; Accepted: 21 September 2019; Published: 25 September 2019
Abstract: Several Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) encountered by military, commercial, and
civilian aircraft have been reported to be structured craft that exhibit ‘impossible’ flight characteristics.
We consider a handful of well-documented encounters, including the 2004 encounters with the
Nimitz Carrier Group off the coast of California, and estimate lower bounds on the accelerations
exhibited by the craft during the observed maneuvers. Estimated accelerations range from almost
100 g to 1000s of gs with no observed air disturbance, no sonic booms, and no evidence of excessive
heat commensurate with even the minimal estimated energies. In accordance with observations,
the estimated parameters describing the behavior of these craft are both anomalous and surprising.
The extreme estimated flight characteristics reveal that these observations are either fabricated or
seriously in error, or that these craft exhibit technology far more advanced than any known craft on
Earth. In many cases, the number and quality of witnesses, the variety of roles they played in the
encounters, and the equipment used to track and record the craft favor the latter hypothesis that
these are indeed technologically advanced craft. The observed flight characteristics of these craft
are consistent with the flight characteristics required for interstellar travel, i.e., if these observed
accelerations were sustainable in space, then these craft could easily reach relativistic speeds within a
matter of minutes to hours and cover interstellar distances in a matter of days to weeks, proper time.
Keywords: UAP; UAV; UFO; Nimitz; Tic-Tac
Hola Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG-Astronomy),
Soy Silvia, especialista en conservación de WWF Colombia, y me complace enormemente compartir con Ustedes esta guía que hicimos con mucho amor y dedicación para que juntos podamos explorar a los maravillosos animales que habitan en nuestra hermosa Colombia. 🦋🌳
A través del arte del origami, podrás crear tu propia representación de un ágil jaguar o una imponente ballena, sin importar el color ni que quede perfecto y lo mejor de todo, puedes hacerlo con papel reciclado.
¡Esta guía es como tener un pedacito de la naturaleza en tus manos! 🌿
Silvia Vejarano
WWF Colombia, Bogotá Oficina Bogotá Carrera 10 A # 69 A 44, Bogotá, Cundinamarca 111221, Colombia, 443 1550
El cielo celebra la época decembrina con la lluvia de meteoros de Las Gemínidas, la más
abundante del año. Así es, la noche del miércoles 13 de diciembre desde las 9 p.m. en adelante
pudiéramos comenzar a ver los luminosos trazos meteóricos de “Las Gemínidas”, para este año
tenemos la fortuna de que un día antes ocurrirá la Luna Nueva, lo que significa que no tendremos
el brillo de la luna opacando la visualización de los meteoros. Por lo que inclusive desde el mismo
atardecer pudiéramos estar pendientes a ver si captamos alguna Gemínida.
Para este año 2023 el máximo de actividad ocurrirá las 2:00 pm del jueves 14 de diciembre, así
tanto los días 13 y el 14 de diciembre, desde que salga la constelación de Géminis, por el horizonte
oriental a las 8 pm., estaremos en la posibilidad de disfrutar de este espectáculo celeste durante
toda la noche; se espera que en las mejores condiciones de visibilidad, puedan observarse hasta
150 meteoros por hora, según la Organización Internacional de Meteoros (IMO), sin embargo esto
disminuye drásticamente con la contaminación lumínica del lugar de observación.
Inforamción Compartida por:
Enrique Torres.
Divulgador de Astronomía, Ágora del Cosmos
Información compartida por Enrique Torres:
Amigo Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Departamento de Antioquia, República de Colombia, América del Sur.
Rover IUE: exploration of the concept from
human factors
León Jaime Restrepo Quirós, José Andrés Zuluaga Ramírez
Grupo de investigación en tecnologías emergentes,
sostenibles e inteligentes – GITESI
Línea de automatización industrial
Facultad de ingeniería, Institución Universitaria de Envigado
Gráficas Conjución Luna Pleyades utilizando el Stelarium 23.3
Por:
Elkin Ramiro Mesa Ochoa
Médico - Universidada de Antioquia - Alma Máter UdeA.
Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Antioquia-Departamento Aeroespacial de la República de Colombia, América del Sur.
EL ASTEROIDE APOPHIS
Por: Alberto Quijano Vodniza
Master in Physics - University of Puerto Rico
Director of "University of Narino Observatory"
Member of the "American Astronomical Society"
Es común a través de las redes y de algunos medios de comunicación, publicar noticias alarmantes
que indican: “un asteroide rozará a la Tierra próximamente”. Esas publicaciones están afirmando
en definitiva que habrá colisión entre un cuerpo celeste y nuestro planeta, lo cual afortunadamente
es falso! Y ahora le tocó el turno al famoso asteroide APOPHIS, y muchos medios ya están
divulgando noticias que se apartan de la realidad!
El asteroide APOPHIS tiene un diámetro de aproximadamente 270 metros, y fue descubierto en la
Navidad del 2004. Se hizo famoso en aquel entonces por la predicción de su gran proximidad a la
Tierra que ocurrirá el 13 de abril del 2029; pasará a tan sólo 32.000 kilómetros de nuestro planeta,
mucho más cerca que los satélites artificiales, pero evidentemente muy lejos de la atmósfera
terrestre. Los primeros cálculos realizados con pocos datos observacionales, estimaban una gran
probabilidad de colisión con la Tierra, pero con el transcurso de los años se han tomado gran
cantidad de datos adicionales, con los cuales ya se ha refinado muy bien la órbita del asteroide, y
ahora se concluye todo lo contrario. Como en el año 2029 el acercamiento a la Tierra será bastante
cerrado (pero a una distancia segura), se estimó que el campo gravitacional terrestre podría
modificar la órbita del asteroide en un grado tal, que habría una probabilidad de colisión con nuestro
planeta en el año 2036 o 2068. Por ese motivo, para investigar mucho más la dinámica del asteroide,
se aprovechó los primeros días del mes de marzo del año 2021 para tomar nuevos datos de
APOPHIS, y Científicos de la Universidad de Arizona y de NASA organizaron el grupo internacional
denominado “99942 APOPHIS 2021 OBSERVING CAMPAIGN”, dirigido por el científico Dr. Vishnu
Reddy.
https://iawn.net/obscamp/Apophis/index.shtml
Aunque el gran Radiotelescopio de Arecibo desafortunadamente colapsó en diciembre del 2020, y
no pudo usarse para observaciones de radar,se utilizaron otros instrumentos: El radiotelescopio
situado en California denominado “The Deep Space Network’s Goldstone Complex” y “The Green
Bank Telescope” ubicado en Virginia Occidental-USA.
Con la gran cantidad de datos de fotometría, astrometría y radar capturados en fechas cercanas al
5 de marzo del año 2021, época en la cual APOPHIS estuvo aproximadamente a 17 millones de
kilómetros de la Tierra, se calculó mucho mejor la órbita de APOPHIS, se realizaron además muchas
simulaciones en computador, y se llegó a la conclusión final que NO EXISTE ninguna probabilidad
que este asteroide colisione con la Tierra.
Información compartida por:
Alberto Quijano Vodniza
Observatorio de la Universidad de Nariño - Pasto - Colombia.
https://observatorioastronomico.udenar.edu.co/
Amigo Sociedad Julio Garavito
Es este el cometa más extraño que hay - Cometa 12P Pons-Brooks - Nov 20, 2023...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
¿ES ESTE EL COMETA MÁS EXTRAÑO QUE HAY?
El cometa 12P/Pons-Brooks sigue desconcertando a los astrónomos, que están
vigilando las consecuencias de su cuarta gran erupción criovolcánica en 2023. Las
erupciones anteriores de julio y octubre produjeron "cuernos de diablo".
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)eitps1506
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
5. A
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CKNOWLEDGMENTS
In the publication of the book, we received indispensable financial and
In the publication of the book, we received indispensable financial and
professional support from the Vega Astronomical Association. Special
professional support from the Vega Astronomical Association. Special
thanks are due to Dr. Szilárd Csizmadia for professional proofreading,
thanks are due to Dr. Szilárd Csizmadia for professional proofreading,
Piroska Simonkay for language proofreading, as well as Attila Jandó
Piroska Simonkay for language proofreading, as well as Attila Jandó
and Ákos Csizmadia, Flórián Vámosi, who provided tremendous help
and Ákos Csizmadia, Flórián Vámosi, who provided tremendous help
in the preparation and execution of publishing.
in the preparation and execution of publishing.
5
6. FOREWORD
Many have telescopes, but only a few have seen all 110 Messier objects. Even fewer
recorded their sights in a text description, drawing or photo.
The number of objects in the Messier catalogue is also disputed: if M91 is a repetition
of M58 and M102 is a repetition of M101, then, depending on the author, the Messier
catalogue contains only 108 or 109 objects. It was only in the 20th century that the
old records were clarified. Messier was unable to publish objects beyond the M103 in
the turmoil surrounding the French Revolution, but posterity added them to his
catalogue under the serial number M104-110.
The Messier list is not as homogeneous as the Bode catalogue, which was also
compiled around the same time. Messier recorded only what he saw while searching
for or following comets; he occasionally examined objects that others found to be
nebulous (and he may have been able to resolve them into stars). His main purpose
was to catalog objects which could be mistaken for comets in the sky, so as not to
lead to misguided discoveries. For this reason, his catalog is extremely
inhomogeneous, both in terms of limiting magnitude, and in terms of the extent and
celestial distribution of objects. There are several deep-sky objects left out of his list
that he might have noticed if he had done a more regular search.
However, it is just the inhomogeneous nature of the catalogue that has made the
Messier list attractive to amateur astronomers, and the fact that the performance of
Messier's telescopes is practically identical to that of today's amateur astronomers'
tiny and small/medium-sized instruments. It contains at least one of all types of deep-
sky object, with the exception of dark nebulae: double stars, supernova remnants,
planetary nebulae, emission and reflection diffuse nebulae, open and globular
clusters, galaxies. Of these, too, mostly from the brighter, more extended ones. To
learn about the northern sky, after becoming familiar with constellations and seeing
the planets and the Moon, it is definitely worth continuing with observing through the
Messier catalog.
6
7. One of the important guidelines for the preparations is provided by the present
book compiled by Tamás Horváth and György Varga. It is terribly difficult for a
novice observer, who has so far looked only a little into a telescope, to imagine the
spectacle that will greet them. Which group of stars did Messier look at as an open
cluster? How to see a faint spot, how big will it be in the instrument? When a more
experienced amateur astronomer in an amateur astronomical club or association
points out what to watch, the situation is easier. For those who cannot get to such
community observing occasions, this book is a great help. But it is also a great help
for the society leader, because it makes it easier for the novice amateur astronomer to
prepare for the expected view.
This book shows what the observer can enjoy in the telescope, not what an amateur
astronomer involved in astrophotography – or even astronomers from the Hubble
Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, etc. – bring together after
several nights of work.
There is something else this book shows: the persistent work, competence and
thorough sky knowledge of the two authors. Astrophotos "degraded" to the visual
view and drawings capturing the view suggest a huge amount of work. Anyone who
wants to see the Universe with their own eyes in detail will start with the Messier
catalog and visit the same celestial objects themselves, as the authors did.
Berlin, March 2022
Dr. Szilárd Csizmadia
Astronomer of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
7
8. Sketches
Telescope: 300/1200 Newtonian
Corrector: Explore Scientific HRCC coma corrector
Mount: TMS-Astro Alt-Az mount and EQ-platform
During the drawings, the goal was to reproduce the view of the targeted deep-sky
object, hence we put less effort into accurately drawing the stars in the vicinity of the
objects. Tamás Horváth finalized all his drawings during he observation run, while
György Varga improved and finished them on the next day based on the sketches and
notes taken at night.
Photos
Telescope: 150/450 Newtonian
Corrector: Explore Scientific HRCC coma corrector
Mount: TMS-Astro Alt-Az mount and EQ-platform
Camera: Canon EOS 30D (not modified)
Exposure time: 25x10 sec, ISO 1600
All photos were taken with the same equipment and the same settings. The area of
sky depicted in the photographs is uniformly 1.8°x1.8°, so the brightness of the
objects and their dimensions can be compared well. North and East are not always to
up and right, however, the orientation are marked in the drawings and rotated
according to the photos. When taking the photos, we used only short exposure times
and strived for a realistic display similar to what is visually seen in the eyepiece. So
we abandoned the colors and restrained ourselves during the processing.
The primary mirrors and mechanical parts of the telescopes used for the
observations were also made by the authors.
Objects that appear close to each other in the sky are shown on one page in the
Objects that appear close to each other in the sky are shown on one page in the
album.
album.
8
13. Essentially, it has an oval shape, brighter in an S-shape. A darker bite is visible in its
NE part, and three more smaller dark "bays" can be observed along its rim. Its entire
surface is in a fine pattern, irregularly mottled. The CLS filter helps to see the details.
(145x, Varga)
13
17. Its central part is formed by a denser region resembling a triangle. Its attraction is that
a chain of stars departs from the cluster to the bright star in a northwesterly direction
from the cluster.
(160x, Horváth)
17
23. It is a large open cluster with many bright stars and fainter ones hidden between
them. Its interesting feature is the yellowish star on the eastern side of the cluster,
which is well contrasted from its bluish counterparts.
(80x, Horváth)
23
31. There are almost only faint stars in the field of view. It seems as if the globular cluster
is composed of stars of two levels of brightness. Its core has a gritty effect.
(180x, Varga)
31
39. It is a very dense cluster with very faint stars. The cluster itself is not bright either.
There are also only a few stars in the field of view.
(180x, Varga)
39
41. It is a bright-cored, regular globular cluster. Towards the middle, it gets gradually
denser. On the outer parts, it is surrounded by some of its brighter stars.
(190x, Varga)
41
45. M 18: Loose cluster with bright stars.
(130x, Varga)
M 17: The nebula reminds me most of a
digit 2. Its surface is lumpy, banded in
many places. It is best studied with a
UHC filter.
(65x, Varga)
45
49. M 21: It's a not exactly
spectacular open cluster.
(160x, Horváth)
M 20: It is very spectacular
how a dark nebula of shape of
a letter T splits the nebula.
(160x, Horváth)
49
65. Due to the rich starfield, the drawing was made with large magnification and a
narrow field of view, but it is also worth observing with lower magnification.
(170x, Varga)
65
67. Only a few stars can be distinguished in it, star chains hanging out like tentacles to
the north. Its surface is grainy, and with a better sky it might resolve better. Its shape
is slightly flattened. It resembles a jellyfish.
(190x, Varga)
67
69. Due to the weaker transparency, dust lanes are more difficult to see. The spiral arms
are spotted, but it would take more time and a better sky to accurately draw the spots.
The CLS filter increases contrast, but the faint parts disappear. Companion galaxies
also fit well into the field of view. M 32 is rounded, M 110 is more elongated. Both
gradually brighten towards their core.
(65x, Varga)
69
71. The spiral arms are easy to follow, in them I can see quite a few knots. With a CLS
filter, it is possible to slightly increase the contrast of the spiral arms and emission
nebulae. The UHC, OIII and H-beta filters particularly highlight gas nebulae, but
with them the spiral arms can no longer be studied.
(110x, Varga)
71
83. The pattern of stars in the cluster reminds me of a delta-winged aircraft. Both inside
and south of the large cluster, there are fewer very faint stars with which the field of
view is otherwise filled. This effect is caused by the surrounding dark nebulae.
(65x, Varga)
83
95. A very lush star field. The skeleton of the cluster is made up of moderately faint stars,
but in addition to these, there are also countless very faint members. The planetary
nebula NGC 2438 is very striking even without a filter. With its ringed appearance, it
is an interesting sight in itself, together with the cluster it is a real specialty.
(65x, Varga)
95
97. It has quite bright and also faint stars. I can't detect any particular patterns in it. It is
filled with many, many faint stars. For me, the most characteristic detail of the set is
the double star formed by components of the same color and brightness, located
approximately in the middle.
(65x, Varga)
97
99. It is a large cluster formed by moderately bright stars of nearly equal brightness. It
reminds me of an insect because of the shape of the star chains.
(65x, Varga)
99
103. Perhaps it reminds me of a flower spider. It is a large, rich cluster filled with
moderately bright and faint stars. Its curved star chains are impressive.
(65x, Varga)
103
105. Its core is round, gradually brightening towards the middle. Its companion, NGC
5194, is barely a little fainter. Its shape is a bit reminiscent of Thor's helmet, as if it
had wings. To the east of the companion's core, a dark dust lane is visible. The spiral
arms appear at first glance, but it takes more time for the view to unfold. The faintest
details were only momentarily visible.
(110x, Varga)
105
109. It is a dense globular cluster with a relatively high-contrast central region. There is a
definitely visible void on the eastern side of the core.
(160x, Horváth)
109
111. Its core is compact. It gradually brightens towards the center. Its surface is mottled. A
brighter star appears on the southern edge of the cluster. The core of the cluster is
shifted slightly southwest of the center.
(190x, Varga)
111
113. It is a very large cluster with no strong central brightening. Its brighter stars are
moderately faint, and there are a lot of faint stars besides these. Its central parts are
strongly nebulous.
(145x,Varga)
113
121. M 59: An elongated elliptical galaxy with a bright core.
M 60: A rounded elliptical galaxy with a bright core. Right next to it you can see the
galaxy NGC 4647.
(90x, Varga)
121
123. It's easy to follow the spiral arms. The core is bright, star-like. The arm, which turns
to the east, is brighter, and in its northern part an extensive, brighter knot is visible.
The western arm is significantly fainter. At the end of that arm is the supernova SN
2020jfo, visible at the time of this observation, which is slightly brighter than the
foreground star south of it.
(190x, Varga)
123
127. A galaxy with a slightly elongated shape and brighter core. A fainter region can be
observed in the northwest and southeast of the core.
(160x, Horváth)
127
131. M 65: The galaxy is significantly elongated. From the core in both directions, you
can see even brighter spots. The east side has a sharper boundary, but with averted
vision, a band of dust is also revealed.
M 66: About north of the core there is a brighter spot. To the east of this is a darker
part, the boundary of which draws out one of the spiral arms, which has a spotty
appearance. The western, longer-extending spiral arm does not seem to be attached to
the core.
(180x, Varga)
131
133. It is an extremely dense open cluster with many brighter stars with relatively uniform
light and plenty of faint stars. Visually, it's made up of interesting curved star chains,
reminding me of a crinoid.
(65x, Varga)
133
135. It has a noticeably elongated shape. Its attraction is that there are brighter stars in a
blob in the southern part of the cluster, and three bright stars can be seen on the
northern boundary of the cluster.
(160x, Horváth)
135
137. A globular cluster with uniform brightness, showing a slightly oval shape. Despite the
low height, it is also barely noticeably but gritty.
(160x, Horváth)
137
141. There are a lot of stars in the field of view. The globular cluster has the shape of a
triangle. Some fainter stars form the base. Its surface is grainy, and its rim has a foggy
appearance.
(190x, Varga)
141
147. Compared to the drawing, the contrasts are much weaker in reality. To the southeast
of the core, a brighter nodule is visible, and to the northwest, a larger but slightly
paler spot can be seen. The shape of the arm winding south is clearly visible. The rest
of the arms are vaguely perceived only, in the form of spots, protrusions.
(100x, Varga)
147
151. Two lobes with a fainter connection that looks crooked. The southern lobe is brighter
and has a sharper boundary. From the northern lobe to the west, a very faint arc
begins. On the east side, a faint spot can be seen adjacent to the two lobes.
(190x, Varga)
151
153. It is an extremely bright-cored galaxy, it can withstand magnification well. 3 blobs
are visible around the core tightly. Of the two spiral arms, the western one is the
brighter. The faint, external parts on the east side disappear abruptly, while gradually
melting into the background on the west side.
(435x, Varga)
153
155. Mysterious nebula. Around the star further south, it looks larger. A dark band is
barely visible between the two stars. In the western part of the field of view there is a
faint band of nebula.
(80x, Horváth)
155
157. With direct vision, it breaks down into about a dozen stars. With averted vision, its
surface is grainy and several faint stars appear. To the northeast from the core, a
darker, star-sparce band is visible.
(190x, Varga)
157
159. Towards its center, it gradually gets denser. It resolves into very faint stars of roughly
uniform brightness, with some brighter visible at the rim.
(180x, Varga)
159
161. M 82: At first glance, the surface of the
galaxy is very fragmented, but it is difficult to
make an accurate drawing of it.
(180x, Varga)
M 81: It is a large galaxy with a diffuse,
bright core in the center and two arms.
(80x, CLS, Horváth)
161
165. M 87: It is round, gradually brightening
towards the middle.
(180x, Varga)
M 86: Flattened shape, bright core. Within
the perimeter, a sharper contour is visible on
each side.
(160x, Horváth)
M 84: A regular, circular galaxy with a
bright core crossed by a dark band.
(160x, Horváth)
165
169. M 88: Elongated galaxy with a not very
bright core. Dust lanes can be seen both east
and west of the core. The northern half of the
galaxy is more rounded, the southern half is
more pointed.
(140x, Varga)
M 91: The ends of the galaxy's rod bend back
like a hook. The southern spiral arm is visible
as a semicircular arch. The northern one is
"incomplete" and very faint.
(140x, Varga)
169
173. It is a relatively compact globular cluster with a bright core. It easily resolves into
brighter and moderately faint stars. It contains several interesting areas scarcer in
stars.
(180x, Varga)
173
175. Relatively dense cluster. It is formed by moderately bright and faint stars. From the
central, more concentrated part, multiple star chains seem to emerge.
(65x, Varga)
175
179. M 105: Three galaxies in one field of view. M
105 shows details. The bright band of the
"arm", starting from the core, turns back. On
the other side, the galaxy's rim is faintly
visible.
(160x, Horváth)
M 96: It's as if the core part is elongated in a
different direction than the outer halo. Some
spiral structure flashes in sometimes, but this
may be more of an illusion or the effect of a
spotted surface.
(140x,Varga)
M 95: Its core is crossed by a bright rod. In
addition, a pale, ring-like halo is observed.
Starting from the rod, along the ring you can
see brighter nodules. The entire galaxy is
surrounded by a very faint glow.
(140x, Varga)
179
181. M 97: I can't decide which "eye" looks more
contrasted. Sometimes I get the feeling that
you can see a central star. I can't make out the
exact outlines of the shape of the eyes. The
planetary nebula’s rim blends softly into the
background.
(180x, Varga)
M 108: A brighter foreground star dominates
the view. It has a very mottled surface. The
north side of the galaxy has a sharper rim
(could it be a dust lane?).
(180x, Varga)
181
183. M 99: The arm extending to the west is easily
noticeable, towards the end a brighter blob is
visible, after which the arm continues even
more extremely faintly. To the northeast of the
core, an extensive diffuse spot is visible, from
which it is difficult to separate a shorter,
nearly straight protrusion. To the east of the
core, a brighter lump can be seen.
(190x, Varga)
M 98: Strongly elongated galaxy. Its oval
core is brighter. Its southern side is brighter
and wider, in the northwesterly direction it is
somewhat thinner and fainter. The
southwestern part is separated from the
background more sharply than the
northeastern.
(145x, Varga)
183
185. Bright-cored galaxy. On the west side, the dark part between the two arms is more
easily noticeable, and on the eastern arm, a brighter part is the spectacular one.
(160x, Horváth)
185
187. At smaller magnifications, the CLS filter helps to highlight the spiral arms. The core
is relatively compact, there is no star-like center, but it is clearly elongated. Three
star-forming regions in the arms are relatively easy to see. Compared to the photo, the
winding of the arms around the core was precieved visually in a different way.
(65x, Varga)
187
193. The dust lane is well pronounced. The core is bright, star-like. The part north of the
dust lane is much brighter. The entire galaxy is surrounded by a very faint oval halo.
(190x, Varga)
193
199. The bright nucleus and bar of the galaxy are easily visible. It looks like there are
knots at the ends of the spokes. The spiral arms are faint and difficult to follow.
(180x, Varga)
199
200. The 150/450 Newtonian telescope comissioned for photography
(used visually on this occasion, a fireball flashes in the upper right corner)
200
211. BASIC DATA OF THE
PHOTOS IN THE ALBUM
OBJECT DATE OBSERVING LOCATION
M 1 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 2 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 3 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 4 2021. 07. 06. Vasszécseny
M 5 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 6 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 7 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 8 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 9 2021. 08. 06. Vasszécseny
M 10 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 11 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 12 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 13 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M14 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 15 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 16 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 17, M 18 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 19 2021. 07. 06. Vasszécseny
M 20, M 21 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 22 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 23 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 24 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 25 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 26 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 27 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 28 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 29 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 30 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 31, M 32, M 110 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
211
212. M 33 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 34 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 35 2021. 02. 12. Bóly
M 36 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 37 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 38 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 39 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 40 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 41 2021. 02. 12. Bóly
M 42, M 43 2021. 02. 12. Bóly
M 44 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 45 2021. 02. 12. Bóly
M 46 2021. 02. 12. Bóly
M 47 2021. 02. 12. Bóly
M 48 2021. 02. 12. Bóly
M 49 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 50 2021. 02. 12. Bóly
M 51 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 52 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 53 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 54 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 55 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 56 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 57 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 58 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 59, M 60 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 61 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 62 2021. 07. 06. Vasszécseny
M 63 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 64 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 65, M 66 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 67 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 68 2021. 03. 07. Vasszécseny
212
213. M 69 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 70 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 71 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 72 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 73 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 74 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 75 2021. 07. 08. Vasszécseny
M 76 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 77 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 78 2021. 02. 12. Bóly
M 79 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 80 2021. 07. 06. Vasszécseny
M 81, M 82 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 83 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 84, M 86, M 87 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 85 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 88, M 91 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 89, M 90 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 92 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 93 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 94 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 95, M 96, M 105 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 97, M 108 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 98, M 99 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 100 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 101 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 102 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 103 2021. 02. 13. Bóly
M 104 2021. 03. 07. Bóly
M 106 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
M 107 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny
M 109 2021. 03. 06. Bóly
213
214. BASIC DATA OF THE
DRAWINGS IN THE ALBUM
OBJECT DATE OBSERVING LOCATION OBSERVER
M 1 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 2 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 3 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 4 2021. 06. 13. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 5 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 6 2021. 07. 06. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 7 2021. 07. 06. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 8 2021.09.02. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 9 2021. 06. 13. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 10 2021. 05. 11. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 11 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 12 2021. 05. 11. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 13 2021. 07. 06. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 14 2021. 05. 11. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 15 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 16 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 17 2021. 08 .09. Őrimagyarósd Varga György
M 18 2021. 08. 09. Őrimagyarósd Varga György
M 19 2021.06. 14. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 20 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 21 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 22 2021. 08. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 23 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 24 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 25 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 26 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 27 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 28 2021. 08. 06. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 29 2021. 05. 11. Vasszécseny Varga György
214
215. M 30 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 31 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 32 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 33 2016. 11. 28. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 34 2021. 10. 31. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 35 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 36 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 37 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 38 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 39 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 40 2021. 05. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 41 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 42 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 43 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 44 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 45 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 46 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 47 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 48 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 49 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 50 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 51 2019. 05. 24. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 52 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 53 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 54 2021. 08. 09. Őrimagyarósd Varga György
M 55 2021. 08. 09. Őrimagyarósd Varga György
M 56 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 57 2021. 07. 07. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 58 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 59 2021. 05. 09. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 60 2021. 05. 09. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 61 2020. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 62 2021. 06. 13. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
215
216. M 63 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 64 2021. 05. 11. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 65 2021. 04. 03. Bóly Varga György
M 66 2021. 04. 03. Bóly Varga György
M 67 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 68 2021. 05. 09. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 69 2021. 08. 06. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 70 2021. 08. 06. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 71 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 72 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 73 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 74 2021. 10. 31. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 75 2021. 09. 02. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 76 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 77 2021. 11. 01. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 78 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 79 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 80 2021. 05. 11. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 81 2021. 11. 09. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 82 2021. 05. 07. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 83 2020. 05. 20. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 84 2021. 05. 09. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 85 2021. 05. 11. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 86 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 87 2021. 04. 03. Bóly Varga György
M 88 2021. 05. 09. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 89 2021. 05. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 90 2021. 05. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 91 2021. 05. 09. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 92 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 93 2021. 03. 16. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 94 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 95 2021. 04. 03. Bóly Varga György
216
217. M 96 2021. 04. 03. Bóly Varga György
M 97 2021. 05 .07. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 98 2020. 05. 21. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 99 2020. 05. 21. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 100 2021. 05. 11. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 101 2019. 05. 25. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 102 2021. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 103 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 104 2020. 05. 10. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 105 2021. 05. 08. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 106 2021. 05. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 107 2021. 06. 13. Vasszécseny Horváth Tamás
M 108 2021. 05. 07. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 109 2021. 05. 07. Vasszécseny Varga György
M 110 2021. 08. 08. Vasszécseny Varga György
217
222. With the spread of astrophotography, and especially digital
With the spread of astrophotography, and especially digital
astrophotography, we get a very different picture of deep-sky
astrophotography, we get a very different picture of deep-sky
objects than what our ancestors could have seen for centuries by
objects than what our ancestors could have seen for centuries by
peering into their telescopes. Fortunately, many people still
peering into their telescopes. Fortunately, many people still
observe visually today, but most astrophotos are taken with long
observe visually today, but most astrophotos are taken with long
exposure times and are published with strong post-procession. The
exposure times and are published with strong post-procession. The
result, although very spectacular, has little to do with what we see
result, although very spectacular, has little to do with what we see
in the telescope. In many cases, novice telescope owners are
in the telescope. In many cases, novice telescope owners are
disappointed that the deep-sky objects seen in the eyepiece are not
disappointed that the deep-sky objects seen in the eyepiece are not
as bright as they saw in the photos, in addition, most of them
as bright as they saw in the photos, in addition, most of them
appear completely colorless.
appear completely colorless.
With this album, we want to bring the objects of Messier's list
With this album, we want to bring the objects of Messier's list
closer, to make them look in our photos and drawings as – with
closer, to make them look in our photos and drawings as – with
some perseverance – we can see them in amateur telescopes.
some perseverance – we can see them in amateur telescopes.
ISBN 978-615-01-7117-3
ISBN 978-615-01-7117-3