Visual
Thinking
Working with Pictures
Christina Wodtke
Why draw?
Think of a chair
1. Communicate
2. Problem Solving
3. Listening and
Remembering
Who Draws?
Zaha Hadid
Chefs Jason Chan and Grant Achitz
Types of drawing
David
Sibbet
Don’t Worry
Pareidolia
Warm Up
Draw together
Ed Emberly
The Problem with Lunch
Working with Pictures
Translation
exercise
• 3 people
• The sketcher explains the sketch
• The interviewer asks questions
• The notetaker writes down interesting
observations and problems 1 per post-it
Try this with people who are weak sketchers!
1. FRAGMENTING
AND FREELISTING
Why?
Make information modular in order to
recombine
2. CHUNKING
INTO AFFINITY GROUPS
How?
• Put idea with like ideas
• No rules, just seek patterns
• remix
Play with possible models
Relationship
to other data
Credit: Steve Portigal
Play with possible models
Frequency
Credit: Steve Portigal
Play with possible models
Timeline
Credit: Steve Portigal
3. MAPPING
TO FRAMEWORKS
Axis are EVERYTHING
Create an evaluating 2x2
MIND MAPS
Gather your Thoughts
I feel like drawing slows me down to give me thinking time.
-Andrew Reid
ANDREW REID,
GAME
DESIGNER
MIND MAPS
FOR GAME
DESIGN
01
Christina Wodtke
•HEADER
OF THIS
PAGE
• From Rolf Faste’s MindMapping
article
• The basic principles of mind mapping
are:
1 Create a Center Statement.
2 Develop ideas radially outward.
3 Capture ideas quickly.
4 Use lines to show connections.
5 Create train-of-thought structures.
6 Follow an idea as far as it will go.
7 Work from the known to the
unknown.
8 Return to the center when ideas are
exhausted.
9 Increase density to create richness.
FROM
MINDTOOLS.COM
Problem
Organizing
4s
Suppliers, Systems,
Surroundings, and Skills
8PProcedures, Policies, Place,
Product, People, Processes,
Price, and Promotion
6M
Man, Materials, Machine,
Methods, Measurements, and
mother Nature (enviroment.)
Another
causal
diagnostic
tool
(or communication!)
Provisional
persona
Dave
Gray’s
Empathy
Map
STORY
For empathy
1o minutes:
Using your
drawing skills,
Tell your story
One minute pitch.
Dotmocracy
Crazy 8s
Wireflows & Experience
Flows
Simple thumbnails to represent the flow of the experience
Wireflow
• Shows how the product
works. Screens are sketchy.
• Nodes and Connectors
Draw a flow….
5 minutes
One minute pitch.
Dotmocracy
Key Screen
Upsell page, or key value moment
Landing page
OR
Page
demonstrating key
value.
Draw the Box
• What’s it called?
• Who’s it for?
• What’s its tagline or slogan?
• What are its most compelling features? Benefits?
• What imagery would make it stand out to you?
DRAW: Key Screen or Box
5 minutes
One minute pitch.
Dotmocracy
Gather
• Storyboard
• Elevator pitch
• Wireflows
• Key screen/Sell screen
Participatory Roadmps
How big is the MVP?
Test with your market
appendix
What can we make?
Let’s start with story….
MIND MAPS
Gather your Thoughts
I feel like drawing slows me down
to give me thinking time.
-Andrew Reid
ANDREW REID,
GAME
DESIGNER
MIND MAPS
FOR GAME
DESIGN
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
HEADER
OF THIS
PAGE
From Rolf Faste’s MindMapping article
The basic principles of mind mapping are:
1 Create a Center Statement.
2 Develop ideas radially outward.
3 Capture ideas quickly.
4 Use lines to show connections.
5 Create train-of-thought structures.
6 Follow an idea as far as it will go.
7 Work from the known to the unknown.
8 Return to the center when ideas are exhausted.
9 Increase density to create richness.
10 Avoid being judgmental.
11 Have fun with the form.
HOW I FEED MYSELF
5 Minutes
Lunch
Dan roam
MODEL EVERYTHING!
Five SIX models for making sense
Scott Bernatino
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
•Maps,
Models,
Canvases
“VISUAL MODELS ARE ALL
ABOUT MEANING THROUGH
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT”
- STEPHEN P ANDERSON
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
DAVE GRAY
ILLUSTRATION MODEL
CONCEPT MAPS
Clarify Your Understanding
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
HEADER
OF THIS
PAGE
From Hugh Dubberly’s Creating Concept Maps
• List terms
• Edit the list
• Define the remaining terms
• Create a matrix showing the relations of
terms
• Rank the terms
• Decide on main branches or write framing
sentences
• Fill in the rest of the structure
• Revise
• Apply typography to reinforce structure
• Revise
DIAGRAM BY DAN BROWN
http://architecture.31bio.org/information-architecture-concept-model/
DUBBERLY DESIGN OFFICE
SYSTEM MODELS
Map the System
Microwave system model http://sce.uhcl.edu/whiteta/sdp/createSystemModel.html
BBC Weather
Sitemap http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/bbcinternet/2011/11/bb
c_weather_design_refresh.html
From Stone Librande’s One Page Designs
MENTAL MODELS
Understand the Customer’s
Point of View
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
Center for research on Environmental Decisions
http://guide.cred.columbia.edu/guide/sec1.html
• A mental model represents a person’s
thought process for how something
works (i.e., A person’s understanding of
the surrounding world). Mental models,
which are based on often-incomplete
facts, past experiences, and even
intuitive perceptions, help shape actions
and behavior, influence what people pay
attention to in complicated situations,
and define how people approach and
solve problems.
Mental Model,
organized by task
Company OR
Competitor Offerings
Cat Mental Model,
organized by task
Draw Toast
“Draw a picture of how to make toast. That is, darkened crispy
bread.
Use no words in your diagram.
Try to illustrate the important actions to someone who has never
made toast before.”
CONCEPT MODELS
Visual Explanations
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
• Sunni Brown
Doodle Revolution
ELEMENTS & RELATIONSHIPS
(Systems, a la Brown)
Dave
Grey
Chris Crawford explains different kinds of play
http://www.scottkim.com.previewc40.carrierzone.com/thinkinggames/whatisapuzzle/index.html
http://www.erasmatazz.com/library/the-journal-of-computer/jcgd-volume-4/my-definition-of-game.html
Don Norman, Drawn by me.
Dan Roam
Drawn by me, @cwodtke
Freelist all the
Elements of a
Performance Review
5 minutes
PROCESSES
Today Team explains their offering
Bartnet doesn’t explain their offering- always test Concept models
Innoenergy offering elements
Innoenergy Process
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
“What the [design] diagram shows is
the overlap of concerns among three
different entities. The first represents
the area of interest to the designer.
The second represents the areas of
interest to the client. The third is the
area of interest to society as a whole.
Charles and Ray’s point is that it is in
the area where all three overlap that
the designer can work with
enthusiasm and conviction . . .
Eames Explain Design
Andrew Reid
How to Poach an egg, by
@cwodtke
Draw the process
of a performance
review, using
post-its
Five minutes
Share
Make a New Process
COMPARISONS
Exploring why different
services suck in their own
special way.
https://medium.com/@cwodtke
/a-theory-of-form-for-digital-
products-
f5f605adae84#.51ie4d1vq
Uncovering the Secrets of Mammoth Island
Understanding Comics
Scott McCloud
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
2x2’s are ALL about
comparisons!
Drawing Ideas
Separately, Silently Draw
a comparison
5 minutes
CONCEPT MODELS
FOR WORK
Kitten Farming concept
by Daniel Cook, CCO of
SpryfoxFor thinking
Robin Hunicke
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
For
Communicating
• Conceptual Blueprint by Andrew
Hinton of The Understanding
Group
Stone Librande
Stone Librande
HOW FANCY SHOULD THEY
BE?
Stephen p anderson
Bill Verplank
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
A simple model you can
draw on a whiteboard
becomes a meme.
Is this why Lean
Startup is huge?
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
Determine the GOAL: how will the model be used, by whom? What is the job
of the model? To change minds, explain a concept, simplify complexity?
INVENTORY THE CONCEPTS: brainstorm many parts of your concept.
Keep adding more in the margins as you go.
INSPECT THE CONCEPTS: are there many concepts hiding in one? Do you
really understand each idea?
Determine the RELATIONSHIPS: how do the concepts interact?
 Decision point: do i understand the ideas and what i’m trying to
communicate?
Test: ask yourself if the model “feels” right.
If yes, then continue.
ITERATE with words and pictures: talk to yourself and draw it out!
EVALUATE with yourself/the client: keep making sure the drawings match
the ideas you wish to communicate. Don’t punk out early! Rest if you need to!
 Decision point: does my audience understand the ideas and what i’m trying
to communicate?
Test: can my audience answer key questions with the model?
If yes, then continue.
REFINE: use color, type, line weight, and labels to make sure you are
communicating clearly.
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017Dave gray
What should I
draw?
• Consider the elements
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017Dave gray | http://www.xplaner.com/visual-thinking-school/
What should I
draw?
Consider the purpose
PARTICIPATORY
CONCEPT MAPS?!?
Dave gray
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
MIND MAPS, to gather your
thoughts
CONCEPT MAPS, to organize
your understanding
SYSTEM MAPS, to map the
system (a tautology, but an
accurate one)
MENTAL MODELS, to
understand and communicate
your user’s understanding
CONCEPT MODELS, to
message a way to think about a
complex system
And Canvases!
01
WORLD IA DAY 2017
Thank you.
Questions?
For workshops & Other inquires:
Christina Wodtke
@Cwodtke
Cwodtke.com
Art by Amelie Wodtke Sarrazin
http://evalotta.pancakeapps.com/

Visual Thinking Stanford Continuing Studies