This presentation "Virtual Reality" is based on a paper "An Approach to Consistent Displayingof Virtual Reality Moving Objects" Author : Renoy Reji Christ University Bengaluru-560029 email : renoyreji@gmail.com

1. Virtual Reality
Renoy Reji
MCA, Christ University
Bengaluru-560029
renoyreji@gmail.com
An Approach to Consistent Displaying
of Virtual Reality Moving Objects

2. Introduction
• Virtual Reality (VR) is the illusion of a three-
dimensional, interactive, computer-generated reality
where sight, sound, and sometimes even touch
are simulated to create pictures, sounds, and objects
that actually seem real.
• Virtual Reality refers to a high-end user interface that
involves real-time simulation and interactions through
multiple sensorial channels.
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3. Introduction
• VR must allow the user to view the
environment from any point and at any
angle.
• VR must allow the user to interact with
objects in the environment.
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4. History
• Ivan Sutherland (1960)
– First head mounted display and head tracking system
– Using “virtual world” term
– Walkthrough, Pixel Flow
& Nano manipulator systems
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5. History
• NASA Ames Research Center
– HMD, VPL Data gloves and BOOM
– Spatial (3D) Sound
– Super Cockpit
• VPL
– First Commercial VR Hardware & systems
– “Reality Build for Two” (RB2) A
Virtual Reality Tool
– “Body Electric” a Programming
Language
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6. Types of VR
• Use of Special Purpose Equipment
• Feel of Presence
1. IMMERSIVE VR
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7. Types of VR
• Also known as Desktop VR
• Use of a monitor to display the visual world
• Does not require special hardware
2. WINDOW ON THE WORLD (WoW)
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8. • Technology which allow a person to feel as if,
they were present.
• Real-time telepresence
Interactions are reflected to some real world objects.
• Delayed telepresence
Interactions are recorded, and after satisfaction is
applied to the real-world object.
Types of VR
3. TELEPRESENCE
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9. • Computer generated inputs merged with the
user’s view of the real world
Types of VR
4. AUGMENTED VR
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10. Components of VR
• VR Hardware
• VR Software
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11. 11
Technologies of VR--Hardware
 Head-Mounted Display (HMD)
 A Helmet or a face mask providing the visual and auditory
displays.
 Use LCD or CRT to display stereo images.
 May include built-in head-tracker and stereo headphones
Renoy Reji, Department Of Computer Science

12. 12
Technologies of VR--Hardware
 Binocular Omni-Orientation
Monitor (BOOM)
 Head-coupled stereoscopic (Depth
and Perception) display device.
 Uses CRT to provide high-resolution
display.
 Convenient to use.
 Fast and accurate built-in tracking.
Renoy Reji, Department Of Computer Science

13. 13
Technologies of VR--Hardware
 Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE)
 Provides the illusion of immersion by projecting stereo images on
the walls and floor of a room-sized cube.
 A head tracking system continuously adjust the stereo projection to
the current position of the leading viewer.
Renoy Reji, Department Of Computer Science

14. 14
Technologies of VR--Hardware
 Data Glove
– Outfitted with sensors on the fingers as well as an overall
position/orientation tracking equipment.
– Enables natural interaction with virtual objects by hand gesture
recognition.
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15. 15
Technologies of VR--Hardware
 Control Devices
– Control virtual objects in 3 dimensions.
Renoy Reji, Department Of Computer Science

16. VR Hardware
• Primary user input interfaces
• Tracking interfaces
• Visual interfaces
• Auditory interfaces
• Haptic interfaces
• Olfactory interfaces
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17. Primary Interfaces
• Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick
• 3D Pointing Devices
– Spaceball
– CyberWand
– Ring Mouse
– EGG
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18. Primary Interfaces
• Whole-hand and body input
– 5th Glove
– Handmaster
– ArmMaster
– TCAS Dataware
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19. Tracking Interfaces
• Measure head, body, hand or eye motion
• Major Characteristics
– Resolution
– Accuracy
– System Responsiveness
• Sample rate, data rate, update rate and latency
• Major Technologies
– Magnetic
– Acoustics
– Optical
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20. Tracking Interfaces
• Head & Body Tracking
– Polhemous IsoTrak II & FastTrak
– Flock of Bird
– VideoDesk
• Eye Tracking
– BioMuse
– DPI Eyetrackey
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21. Visual Interfaces
• Field of View (FOV)
• Resolution
• Refresh rate
• Brightness
• Color
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22. Visual Interfaces
• Head Mounted Display (HMD)
– Datavisor 10x HMD
– VR4000
– I-glasses!
– VFX1
• BOOM
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23. Visual Interfaces
• Stereoscopic Glasses
– Shutter glasses
– Passive glasses
• Auto-stereoscopic
– HDVD
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24. Auditory Interfaces
• Auralization
– 3D simulation of a complex acoustic field
• Sonification
– Audible display of data
• Speech Recognition
• Some products
– Acoustetron II
– RSS-10 Sound Space Processor
– Q products
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25. Haptic Interfaces
• Tactile (touch)
– CyberTouch
– Univ. of Salford
• Kinesthetic (force)
– HapticMaster
– PHANToM
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26. Olfactory Interfaces
• Electronic Nose
• Storage Technologies
– Liquid
– Gel
– Microencapsulation
• Some Products
– BOC Group Olfactory Delivery System
– Univ. of Wollongong eNose
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27. Software Components
• Input Process
• Simulation Process
• Rendering Process
• World Database
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28. Input Process
• Control devices that send data to the computer
• Devices should be checked regularly (eg. per
frame)
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29. Simulation Process
• The core of a VR program.
• Handles interactions, object behaviors,
simulations of physical laws and determines
the world status.
• A discrete process that is iterated once for each
frame.
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30. Rendering Process
• Creation of the sensations that are output to the
user
• Visual Rendering
– Using polygons to represent objects
– Ray tracing & lights
– Flat vs. smooth shading
– Z buffering(3d management of image depth)
• Auditory, haptic and olfactory rendering
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31. World Database
• Stores data on objects and the world
• ASCII Or binary
• Single file Or Database
• Centralized Or distributed
• Standard Or proprietary formats
• Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
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32. Interaction Techniques
“Simple” Virtual Hand Ray-casting
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33. Spotlight
Aperture
Interaction Techniques
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34. Interaction Techniques
Sticky
Finger
Scaled-World Grab
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35. Navigation Techniques
• Steering : direction and velocity
– hand-directed
– gaze-directed
– physical devices (steering wheel, flight sticks)
• Target-based
– point at object, list of coordinates
• Route planning
– place markers in world
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36. Collision Detection
• Very computationally intensive, but very
important for presence and realism
• Bounding Volume (Sphere, Box, Convex Hull)
• Convex Decomposition
• Separating Planes
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37. Level of Detail (LOD)
• When looking objects from a far, details are not
important
• Do not show details if they can’t be seen
• Reduces number of polygons significantly
• LOD management
– Automatic
– Pre-defined
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38. Distributed VR
• The Multi-user environment
• A simulated world runs on several computers
connected over a network.
• People can interact in real time, sharing the
same virtual world
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39. DVR Connectivity Approaches
• Send updates to every computer in the LAN
• Does not scale well
• Consumes a lot of bandwidth, so needs a
dedicated LAN
• Has been used in SIMNET & DIS
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40. DVR Connectivity Approaches
• Send updates only to those that are interested.
• Uses the concept of Area Of Interest (AOI) to
limit network traffic
• Each AOI is assigned to a multicast address
• Has been used in NPSNET
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41. • Point-to-point network connection
• Mesh model
– All users are connected to each other
– Has Been used in MASSIVE
• Client-server (start) model
– All users are connected to a central location
– Has been used in NVR, WNMS
DVR Connectivity Approaches
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42. VR on the Web
• Virtual Reality Modeling Standard (VRML)
• Java 3D API
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43. VRML Viewers
• Usually act as a plugin for browsers
• Some standalone versions are also available
• Files have .wrl or .wrz extensions
• MIME Type
– V1.0
– V2.0
• Important plugins
– CosmoPlayer, WorldView, Cartona
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44. VRML Concept
• Field types
– SF And MF field
• SFBool
• SFColor and MFColor
• SFFloat and MFFloat
• SFImage
• SFInt32 and MFInt32
• SFNode and MFNode
• SFRotation and MFRotation
• SFString and MFString
• SFTime
• SFVec2f and MFVec2f
• SFVec3f and MFVec3f
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45. VRML Concept
• Scripting
– Java
– JavaScript
– VRML Script
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46. VRML Nodes
• Grouping nodes
• Geometry nodes
• Geometry related nodes
• Lighting nodes
• Sensory nodes
• Interpolator nodes
• Other nodes
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47. Grouping Nodes
• Anchor
• Billboard
• Collision
• Group
• Inline
• LOD
• Switch
• Transform
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48. Geometry Nodes
• Box
• Cone
• Cylinder
• ElevationGrid
• Extrusion
• IndexedFaceSet
• IndexedLineSet
• PointSet
• Sphere
• Text
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49. Geometry Related Nodes
• Coordinate
• Color
• Normal
• TextureCoordinate
• Appearance
• Material
• ImageTexture
• PixelTexture
• MovieTexture
• TextureTransform
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50. Lighting Nodes
• DirectionalLight
• PointLight
• SpotLight
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51. Sensor Nodes
• Anchor
• Collision
• CylinderSensor
• PlaneSensor
• ProximitySensor
• SphereSensor
• TimeSensor
• TouchSensor
• VisibilitySensor
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52. Interpolator Nodes
• Color Interpolator
• Coordinate Interpolator
• Normal Interpolator
• Orientation Interpolator
• Position Interpolator
• Scalar Interpolator
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53. Other Nodes
• Script node
• Background
• Fog
• Sound
• Audio Clip
• View Point
• World Indo
• Navigation Info
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54. JAVA 3D
• Rich set of 3D features
• High-level, Object-oriented paradigm
• Wide variety of file formats
• Benefits to end-users
– Application portability
– Hardware independence
– Performance scalability
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55. VR Applications
Education
Crossing street Construct3D
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56. VR Application
Treatment of Acrophobia
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57. VR Applications
Recreation
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58. VR Application
Design
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59. VR Application
Simulation
Being 747
Flight Simulation
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60. VR Application
User Interface
WNMS
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61. VR Application
Telesurgery
Augmented surgery
Telepresence
TeleRobotics
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62. VR Application
Information Visualization
Acetic Acid Quick Sort
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63. VR Application
Entertainment
Virtual Racing
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64. VR Application
Military
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65. 1. An Approach to Consistent Displaying
of Virtual Reality Moving Objects
• Author:
Vasily Y. Kharitonov
Department of Computers, Systems and Networks
Moscow power engineering institute, Russian
Federation
• Taken from:
Third International Conference on Dependability of Computer
Systems
DepCoS-RELCOMEX 2008
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66. 1. An Approach to Consistent Displaying
of Virtual Reality Moving Objects
• Distributed virtual reality systems are a new step in the
development of interactive 3d-graphics applications, allowing
geographically remote users to interact in a shared virtual
environment, as if they situated in one room.
• In this paper the main principles of distributed virtual reality
systems design are explored. Special attention is drawn to the
reliability issues of such systems in terms of consistent
interaction.
• An approach to consistent displaying of virtual reality moving
objects is proposed.
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67. 2.Research on the Virtual
Reality Simulation Engine
• Authors:
1. GUOXIAOLI
2. FENGLI
3. LIUHONG
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68. 2.Research on the Virtual
Reality Simulation Engine
• In this paper, comparison of the virtual
reality substation simulation with the
traditional substation simulation in
visualization is done.
• This paper explains a new mode which is
based on the components and the virtual
reality simulation engine is the kernel.
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69. 3. Multimedia and Virtual Reality Techniques
for the Control of ERA, the First Free Flying
Robot in Space
• Authors:
Eckhard Freund, Jurgen RoBmann
Institute of Robotics Research (IRF)
Otto-Hahn-Str. 8
44227 Dortmund
Germany.
• Taken from,
Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE
international Conference on Robotics & Automation
Seoul, Korea. May 21-26, 2001
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70. 3. Multimedia and Virtual Reality Techniques
for the Control of ERA, the First Free Flying
Robot in Space
• The commanding and supervision of complex
automation systems for space as well as for terrestrial
automation applications is a demanding task.
• Modern developments in the field of virtual reality
(VR) based man machine interfaces have the potential
to facilitate such tasks enormously.
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71. 4. Hands-free navigation methods for moving
through a virtual landscape walking
interface virtual reality input devices
• Authors:
Salvador Barrera
Hiroki Takahashi
Masayuki Nakajima
Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering
Tokyo Institute of Technology
• Taken from:
Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International (CGI’04)
1530-1052/04 © 2004 IEEE
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72. 4. Hands-free navigation methods for moving
through a virtual landscape walking
interface virtual reality input devices
• A new Virtual Reality Input device of hands-free controls for
multi-scale navigation through abroad class of virtual
environments.
• One of the most important fields in virtual realty (VR) research,
is the development of systems that allow the user to interface
with the virtual environment.
• The most intuitive method for moving through a virtual
landscape is by walking.
• The implementation of a walking interface for a virtual reality
system also allows a greater range of biomechanical
experimentation and game research.
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73. 5. Research on Chinese Museum Design based
on Virtual Reality
• Authors:
LIU Xia - School of Material Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of
Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
QIAO Jiangang - School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University
of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China.
• Taken from:
2008 International Workshop on Modelling, Simulation and
Optimization
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74. 5. Research on Chinese Museum Design based
on Virtual Reality
• Through analyzing the definition and the current situation of Virtual
Reality applied in the design of museum, produces to use separately HTML
text language, QuickTime Virtual Reality technology, Virtual Reality
Modeling Language and three-dimension software's to build up information
interface platform, total virtual space environment of item on display and
each model of item on display and the discussion and studying system
platform.
• Eventually concludes the advantages of using virtual reality in the display
design of the museum and points out a new method to develop modern
interior design by using the technology of Virtual Reality.
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75. Conclusion
• VR introduces a new way of interacting with
computers
• Web is very suitable for VR applications, but
the proper technology is not yet there
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76. Thank You For Your Patience