The document discusses vibration measurements in wind power turbines, highlighting the importance of monitoring vibrations to prevent structural damage and mechanical failures. It features National Instruments' hardware and software solutions for vibration analysis, emphasizing their cost-effectiveness, expandability, and compliance with industry standards. The document also covers techniques like order analysis for diagnosing machine faults related to vibration and rotational speed.

1. Vibration measurements in wind power turbinesAlex LollioNov, 2010

2. AgendaWhy vibration measurements?National Instruments solutionHardwareSoftwarePositioning vs competitionConclusions

3. Introduction:damage due to structural vibrations1940: Tacoma bridge disaster Resonance problems

4. High mechanical stressIntroduction:damage due to high rotational speed2009: Denmark Wind Turbine Failure High rotational speed generates high vibrations

5. High mechanical stressVibrations in wind power turbinesPossible causes: rotor, engines, blades, transmission10 kg10.1 kgExample:blades imbalance problemTorque momentum

6. High vibration level10 kgMechanical stressNoise emission

7. How to monitor the system vibrations?Mounting a 3D accelerometer It is useful to monitor the machine condition and prevent faults

8. It needs a PC or PLC to collect dataKey point : System integration

9. AgendaWhy vibration measurementsNational Instruments solutionHardwareSoftwarePositioning vs competitionConclusions

10. NI Hardware PlatformMulti-ChassisApplication ComplexityPXIPXI-LaptopcDAQUSBChannel Count

11. The simplest NI hardware solutionsNI 9234 (4-channels, 24 bit IEPE, 51kS/s)Price: 1564 €+Carrier USB 9162Carrier WLS-9163++Carrier ENET-9163Price: 251 €Price: 443 €Price: 342 €

12. The best NI hardware solutionsNI cRIO-9025Real-Time Controller: 800 MHz, 512 MB DRAM, 4 GB Storage Embedded controller runs LabVIEW Real-Time for deterministic control, data logging, and analysis

13. 800 MHz processor, 4 GB nonvolatile storage, 512 MB DDR2 memory

14. Dual Ethernet ports with embedded Web and file servers for remote user interfacing

15. Hi-Speed USB host port for connection to USB flash and memory devices

16. RS232 serial port for connection to peripherals; dual 9 to 35 VDC supply inputPrice: 4190 €

17. Software: LabVIEWSound and Vibration Meas. SuiteVibration LevelSpectrum Analysis (baseband, zoom, subset FFTs)Frequency Response (broadband, swept-sine, impact, shock-response)Short-time Frequency Analysis (STFT)Over 60 examples using both hardware and simulated dataHardware independent (but has example support for all DAQmx devices)UNI/EN standardPrice: 3887 €

18. Labview Order Analysis Toolkit:What is Order Analysis? For analysis of mechanical systems with rotating components (engines, gearbox, rotors, turbines)Many noise and vibration signal components are directly related to running (rotating) speedOrder analysis normalizes the measurements to the rotating speed to better dissect these signal components

19. Example: Power SpectrumRotating Speed:60 Hz(3600 RPM)Frequency components shift with speed changeRotating Speed:50 Hz(3000 RPM)

20. Order Power SpectrumRotating Speed:60 Hz(3600 RPM)Order components remain fixed with speed changeRotating Speed:50 Hz(3000 RPM)

21. Relationship of Orders and FaultsWe can diagnose machine faults by knowing the order:ImbalanceMisalignmentLoose CouplingValve NoiseBearing Defects / WearBlade Pass FrequencyGear MeshLow OrderHigh Order

22. Relationship of Orders and FaultsWe can diagnose machine faults by knowing the order:3 blades wind turbine3TH order component associated with blades mismatch

23. Overview of the Order Analysis ToolkitCalculate and examine rotational speedMeasure power in the order domain as a function of rotational speedExtract individual ordersMeasure magnitude and phase of any order component as a function of rotational speedPresent data in a waterfall, orbit, or polar plotUNI/EN standard

24. ResamplingData is converted to angular domain from time domainResampling:post processing samples extrapolationNI hardware acquire the signal using a fixed sampling rate:FS= highest RPM * highest order to measure * 2,56Interpolation type: Coerce

25. Linear (default)

26. Spline

27. Filter basedSamples extrapolation(8 samples per period)Result:Sample at constant angle

28. AgendaWhy vibration measurements?National Instruments solutionHardwareSoftwarePositioning vs competitionConclusions

29. Positioning vs CompetitionNI StrengthsLess expensive per channel (NI: € 270-770; Others: € 770-3900)More expandable – up to 5000 channels in a distributed architectureCompliance with ANSI and IEC Standards – Competition will try to say we don’t meet these standards UNI/EN certificationMore flexible software (LabVIEW support for custom analysis and mixed signal)

30. Conclusions NI platform for vibration analysis is flexible and modular

31. Easy to integrate into existing systems

32. NI Sound and Vibration Measurement Suite is not hardware dependent

33. UNI/EN cerfitication