This document provides an introduction to vibration analysis and maintenance. It discusses the different types of maintenance including reactive, preventive, predictive, and proactive maintenance. It then covers vibration fundamentals including waveform, spectrum, frequency, amplitude, and motion. Specific vibration faults like unbalance, misalignment, and bearing defects are examined. The use of spectrum and time waveform analysis to diagnose machine faults is also explained.

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Vibration Analysis
PREPARED BY: ABDULLAH ELSAWY 2016

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• Introduction to maintenance and vibration
• Types of maintenance
• The vibration waveform and spectrum
• A quick review of :
Unbalance
Misalignment
Looseness
Detecting rolling element bearing defects
• Spectrum analysis
• High frequency detection techniques
• Using vibration analysis to improve reliability
Topic

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Introduction
Your machines are talking to you

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Type Of Maintenance
What are its different types?

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Type Of Maintenance
1- Reactive maintenance
break down maintenance also know as run ti failure .hysterical
fix it whenit break
2-Preventive maintenance
know as schedule maintenance .planned maintenance historical maintenance
perform regular so that machin will not fail

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3-Redective Maintenance
Also know as condition based maintenance
If it aint broke don’t fix it
Machin warn you when they about to fail
4-Proactive Maintenance
Precision .reliability centered machine
Type Of Maintenance

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What is vibration?
Vibrations are oscillations of a system about an
equilbrium position.

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Vibration…
It is also an everyday
phenomenon we meet on
everyday life

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Vibration
Noise
Destruction
Compressor
Ultrasonic cleaning
Testing
Wear
Fatigue
• Useful Vibration Harmful vibration

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Vibration parameters
All mechanical systems
can be modeled by
containing three basic
components:
spring, damper, mass
When these components are subjected to constant force,
they react with a constant
displacement, velocity and acceleration

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How can we utilize vibration ?
• Amplitude
An indication of the severity
(amplitude is important ,but change in amplitude is more
important )
• Frequency
An indication of the nature of the fault
(many tools are available to interpret the pattern)
• Motion
An indication of the structural response
(use phase to learn more about the fault and check for
resonance )

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Vibration frequency
• Different components within the machine
generate different frequencies :shaft.vanes
and blades
• Vibration at those frequencies tells us what
part of the machine maybe damaged
• Its hard to look at waveform and relate the
vibration to the machine

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The origin of the spectrum
and waveform
• Here we will see the waveforms and spectrum

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Spectrum analysis basics
• Multiple sources of vibration
Motor and fan frequencies

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A litile more complicated
(belt drive haves the speed )

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Even more complicated
•Gearbox frequencies

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Introducing “harmonics a” and “sidebands”
• Harmonics : what happens when the vibration is not smooth
• Nice,smooth,simple vibration: simple spectrum
• Single ,dominate source of vibration.
• One main peak in the spectrum

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Complicated vibration: complicated spectrum
• More than one source of vibration
• Vibration that is not smooth
(non-linear /distorted)

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Complicated vibration impact:harmonics
:impacts:harmonics
• Multiple peaks in the spectrum at the key
forcing frequency for exaple:
• Running speed :looseness
• Bearing frequency:wear,spall

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• Apeak at the driving frequency (gearmesh)
• Peaks on either side of that .separated by the modulation
frequency (runnig speed)
Sidebands:what happens when the amplitude is not
consistent
complicated vibration :modulation :sidebands

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complicated vibration :modulation :sidebands
Sidebands can take allsorts forms
Lots of fault comdition generate sidebands
Bearing gearbox motor pump

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complicated vibration :modulation :sidebands

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complicated vibration :modulation :sidebands
• Harmonics(becouse becouse the impacts)
• Sidebands(becouse the amplitude rise and falls
as the balls go throughload zone)

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Time waveform analysis
• The time wave form is used to generated the
pectrum – you don’t have to collect extra data
• The wave form showsyou what happened from
one moment to the next –the
spectrumsummarizes everything that
happened the data was recorded

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Examples
lets look at few example where the
time waveform has helped in the
diagnostic process

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Damaged inner race of bearing

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Rotating loosness

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cavitation

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Gear box tooth damage

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Gear box tooth no damage