Report, Portable Vibration Analyzers

University of Victoria
Faculty of Engineering
Summer 2009 Work Term Report
Portable Vibration Analyzers
British Columbia Ferries services Inc.
James Herriot
Work Term 1
Mechanical Engineering
herriotj@uvic.ca
27/03/10
In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the
B.Eng. Degree
Supervisor's Approval: To be completed by Co-op Employer
I approve the release of this report to the University of Victoria for evaluation purposes only.
The report is to be considered (select one):  NOT CONFIDENTIAL  CONFIDENTIAL

Signature: Position: Date:
Name (print): E-Mail: Fax #:
If a report is deemed CONFIDENTIAL, a non-disclosure form signed by an evaluator will be faxed to the
employer. The report will be destroyed following evaluation. If the report is NOT CONFIDENTIAL, it will be
returned to the student following evaluation.
2

Letter of Transmittal
19-1742 Newton St.
Victoria, British Columbia
V8R 2R2
Mrs. Meeta Khurana
Co-op Coordinator
Faculty of Engineering
University of Victoria
P.O. Box 1700
Victoria, B.C.
V8W 2Y2
27/03/10
Dear Mrs. Khurana,
Please accept this work term report entitled “Portable Vibration Analyzers.”
During my Co-op term I worked under the Director of the Fleet Support Unit as a
technical assistant, preforming research into condition monitoring equipment including
portable vibration analyzers and ultrasonic thickness gauges. I also prepared documents
and reports and contacted manufacturers and suppliers for quotes on condition
monitoring equipment.
This report was created during my work term for the purpose of analyzing and reviewing
vibration testing equipment for the Fleet Support Unit of BC Ferries. I was tasked with
researching the current technology available, presenting the research in a clear manner
and to provide recommendations on the selection of equipment which would meet the
companies demands. This would require contacting many companies and suppliers for
price quotes and information, scheduling product demos and testing, and many hours of
research.
I would like to thank my supervisor, John Constable, Erica East and the rest of the FSU
members for giving me this job opportunity and welcoming me into their organization.
Sincerely,
James Herriot
3

Prepared by: James Herriot
Date: 08-02-29
Department: Fleet Support Unit
Prepared for: John Constable
4

Index
1. Outline:
This report covers information on vibration analysis and portable vibration
analyzers gathered between January and February 2008. Vibration Analysis is the back
5

bone of effective condition monitoring, allowing maintenance to be scheduled, or repairs
to be made before the equipment experiences catastrophic failure. Generally machines do
not fail or malfunction suddenly without showing some symptoms or warnings, which are
often in the form of changing or increasing vibration levels. Vibration data can be
recorded in many number of ways, typically with a hand held FFT analyzers or a
vibration meter. Data is collected on a regular basis and is trended over time, using
graphs and other tools. By examining this data, a well trained analyst can often identify
the type and location of problem, and schedule corrective action. Using this approach
maintenance strategies can be moved away from the current system of “run to failure”
and scheduled replacement to predictive maintenance, usually resulting in substantial cost
savings.
2. Vibration Analyzers Reviewed:
Name Mfg. Cost (est.)
DLI Watchman DCX DLI Engineering $ 37,945 for kit with Expert ALERT software and
training/support package
DCA-31 B DLI Engineering $ 24,145 for kit with Standard ALERT software
and training/support package
DCA-50 DLI Engineering $ 30,445 for kit with Advanced ALERT software
and training/support package
Pocket VibrA Pro C3
, C-Cubed Limited $ 7505.00 Base unit
VB7 Commtest $19,995.00 for kit with software, carrying case
and accessories
VB5 Commtest $ 9,998.00 for kit with ascent level 1 software,
$2,500 for training package.
VIBROTEST 60 Schenk Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems
$ 12,27.00 for kit with basic software
$ 22,471.00 for kit with XMS software
MAX The Machine Expert Vibrations Consultants
Inc.
$ 17,585 (base unit, see attached price sheet)
Micro Vibe-P SKF $ 2850.00 For kit with out PDA (PDA average
cost: $300-500)
VSA-1215 Datastick systems $ 6,997.00
VSA-1225 Datastick systems $ 7,497.00
Balmac 211 Vibration
meter
Balmac $ 1595.00 Base unit, $ 155.00 for carrying case.
CMXA 70-M-K-SL SKF $ 30618.00 For kit with accessories, 2
accelerometers, and training package.
SKF Vibration Pen CMVP
50
SKF
$ 1,158.28
Technekon STD-510 Technekon $ 3,770.00 with carrying case
6

3. Findings:
Portable vibration analyzers vary greatly in price and performance and can be
categorized into two main groups: Overall vibration meters and time waveform/FFT
analyzers.
Overall vibration meters measure the total vibration level of a machine and
display the results in numerical terms of acceleration, velocity and displacement. They
are very straight forward to use, do not require extensive training, and have a much lower
cost versus an FFT analyzer. There are a number of drawbacks with overall vibration
meters, given that they cannot display a graph of results or store data, they are a poor
choice for trending and predictive maintenance. It is also very difficult to pinpoint
specific problems with overall vibration meters as they can only display how much a
machine is vibrating or how loud the machine is, rather then where the sound is coming
from. This makes it very difficult to diagnose large, complex machines.
FFT analyzers can perform the same functions as an overall vibration meter and
can display the results in graphical form, allowing for frequency analysis and spectrum
analysis. All of the FFT analyzers reviewed have data storage capabilities and most can
download this data to a PC for analysis and trending. It is common to examine the
individual frequencies imbedded in the signal. These frequencies correspond to
individual components in the machine, such as a pump or a bearing. By analyzing these
frequencies, a skilled analyst can often identify the source and location of the problem.
This allows repairs to be much simpler as the root cause of the problem can often be
identified. However, interpreting the vibration signal is a complex process requiring
specialized training and experience.
It would also be worthwhile to note the limitations of vibration analysis; though
implementing a vibration monitoring strategy can greatly reduce the likelihood of
unnoticed failure of equipment, it does not improve the reliability of the machine being
monitored. Also, most vibration monitoring strategies call for measurements to be taken
from machines at regular intervals; it is still possible for the machine to fail suddenly
7

between these intervals. One solution is permanently mounted vibration monitoring
equipment to critical machines for continuous monitoring.
Any equipment used in a marine environment will likely be dropped or come in
contact with moisture; equipment with good IP ratings for impact and water resistance
should be preferred.
4. Terms and Information:
 4.1 Time Waveform:
The time waveform is the raw vibration signal
displayed by the analyzer on a graph with
amplitude and time as axis. Time waveform
analysis has been around for a long time, in its
simplest form the vibration data was viewed on an
oscilloscope and frequency components were
calculated by hand. Time waveform analysis is
still useful in low speed applications, sleeve
bearing machines, and detecting looseness, rubs
and beating. It is common to supplement the information presented by the FFT spectrum
with time waveform analysis to achieve more accurate results. In the next picture we see
a comparison between a simple time waveform (top) and the corresponding FFT
frequency spectrum (bottom). In the time waveform graph we can see two distinct wave
forms interacting with each other, while on the FFT the two different frequencies are
represented by two spikes on the graph.
 4.2 Fast Ferrier Transformation (FFT):
The FFT is an algorithm, or digital calculation routine used in the FFT analyzer, which
calculates a spectrum from a time waveform. In other words it converts or "transforms" a
8
(a)
(t)
(a)
(f)

signal from the time domain into the frequency domain. [1] The Fourier transform
accomplishes this by breaking down the original time-based waveform into a series of
sinusoidal terms, each with a unique magnitude, frequency, and phase.
In the following images we can see how a wave form consisting of several different
frequencies is transformed into a spectrum. If we were to try to detect changes in the
different frequencies using information from the time wave form on the left the task
would be difficult. However, in the spectrum to the right changes in different frequency
ranges become more obvious, and it is even possible to locate certain problems based on
their change in amplitude. If a certain part of a machine emits a known frequency, and
trending shows the amplitude of that frequency to be increasing, then maintenance of the
part can be made before it fails. [2]
 4.3
 4.3 Synchronous Averaging:
Synchronous averaging, also sometimes called
“Time Synchronous averaging,” is a fundamentally
different process than the usual spectrum averaging
that is generally done in FFT analysis. It is used to
greatly reduce the effects of unwanted noise in the
measurement. The waveform itself is averaged in a
time buffer before the FFT is calculated, and the sampling of the signal is initiated by a
trigger pulse input to the analyzer. If the trigger pulse is synchronized with the repetition
9
Spectrum

rate of the signal in question, the averaging process will gradually eliminate the random
noise because it is not synchronized with the trigger. [1]
 4.4 Amplitude Demodulation:
The demodulation process looks for repetitive patterns created by impact events
that lie embedded within a time waveform. The process works by extracting the low
amplitude, high frequency impact signals and then tracing an 'envelope' around these
signals identifying them as repetitions of the same fault. The resulting spectrum, with the
low frequency data removed, will now clearly show frequency impact signals and
harmonics. Demodulation is also useful as an early warning device as it shows bearing
tones before they are visible in a normal spectrum. [3]
As we
can see in the picture above, the bearing has developed a crack in the outer race and as
each ball passes the defect an impact is created. If we were to look at this frequency range
on the FFT, shown above right, we would see a mixture of signals called a “haystack”
which tells us little about the problem in the bearing. When we pass the same “haystack”
frequency through the amplitude demodulation process a clearly defined signal is
produced in the BPFO range. This data can be trended and used to schedule bearing
replacement.
10

 4.5 The Accelerometer:
When the accelerometer is moved in the up and
down direction, the force required to move the seismic
mass is born by the active element. According to
Newton's second law, this force is proportional to the
acceleration of the mass. The force on the crystal
produces the output signal, which is therefore
proportional to the acceleration of the transducer.
Accelerometers are inherently extremely linear in an amplitude sense, meaning they have
a very large dynamic range. Accelerometers are the most commonly used probe in
vibrations analysis as its frequency rage is very wide, it is very stable over long periods
of time and will maintain good calibration if not abused. Excessive heat and dropping
accelerometers from height, even a few feet to a solid surface, can result in damage.
5. Principals of Operation:
 5.1 Test Conditions:
The vibration signature of a machine is strongly dependent on the operating
parameters as well as its physical condition. These operating parameters include such
things as running speed, load, pump discharge pressure, and compressor delivery
pressure.
The machine must be in its normal operating condition when vibration data is
collected. If this is not the case, the vibration signature will not match the vibration
signatures previously recorded, and trending vibration levels over time becomes
impossible. Running speeds of induction motors depend on the load, and should not vary
from one collection time to the next by more than a few percent. This means that load
conditions must be as nearly as possible the same.
11

The vibration level contributed by extraneous sources, such as nearby machines,
must also be the same for each data collection time. Do not collect data with adjacent
machines turned off if the previous spectra were recorded with them running. This is
especially true with strong background vibration levels, as in the engine room of a ship.
Propulsion diesels must be operating at the same speed for each data collection session.
[1]
 5.2 Warm Up:
All machines should be tested in a fully warmed-up condition. Machine
temperature will affect alignment and operating clearances due to thermal expansion. A
cold machine will have a different vibration signature than a warmed-up machine,
sometimes extremely different. [1]
12

 5.3 Machinery Testing schedule:
For a successful monitoring program, machinery measurements must be carried
out on a scheduled periodic basis. Most equipment should be tested monthly, with certain
less important machines on a 3-month schedule. Weekly testing is common for critical
machines. In any case, it is important to tailor measurement schedules to suit the
machines and their condition. As experience is gained, it will be easy to revise the testing
schedule accordingly.
 5.4 Trending of vibration data:
Trending is the storage of vibration signatures recorded at specific time intervals
and plotting the changes in vibration levels at the forcing frequencies vs. time. An
upward trend in level indicates a developing problem.
The simplest way to utilize the concept of vibration trending is to establish a
representative vibration spectrum of a normally operating machine as a reference, and
compare this reference to spectra measured at later times on the same machine.
The operating conditions of the machine when measuring the new vibration data
must match as closely as possible the conditions under which the reference spectrum was
recorded. Otherwise, the spectra will not be comparable and gross errors can be made.
The vibration data must be recorded in exactly the same way that the reference
data were measured. The transducer must be mounted in exactly the same location, and
its calibration must be accurate. If possible, the same transducer should be used for all
successive measurements on the machine.
When taking vibration data with an FFT analyzer, or data collector, it is important
to average several instantaneous spectra together to reduce random variations and the
effects of extraneous noise in the measured signal. The number of spectral averages
recorded to produce the spectra must be sufficient to produce a uniform and steady
13

signature. Usually from six to ten averages will do this, but on some machines with a
relatively high random noise content in their vibration signature, longer averaging times
may be needed. A rule of thumb is to record a spectrum with several averages and then
immediately record another one with twice as many averages. If the spectra are
significantly different, the number of averages should be doubled again and another
spectrum recorded. If the latter two spectra are similar, then the previous number of
averages is adequate for this machine. [1]
14

5. Summary of Portable FFT Vibration Analyzers:
15

Manufacturer: DLI Engineering
Model/Link
DLI Watchman® DCX™ XRT
http://www.dliengineering.com/downloads/DCXprod.p
df
Features:
• Windows XP tablet PC Operating system
• Performs machine condition analysis, bearing fault
detection, Vibration analysis with out the need to
export data to an external PC.
• FFTs up to 25,600 line resolution
• 40 gigabyte shock mounted hard drive
• Color display
• IP 65 sealing rating
• Database for diagnostic history, trends, setup
Cost:
• $37,945 for kit with Expert ALERT software and
Manufacturer: DLI Engineering
Model/Link
DCA-31 B
http://www.dliengineering.com/downloads/Dca31B.pdf
Features:
• Small size, ¼ VGA color screen
• Spectrum, waveform, envelope demodulation
• Time synchronous averaging
• Intel® XScale™ PXA255 processor at 400 MHz
• 64 MB of RAM with 50 MB flash memory
• IP 65 Sealing rating
Cost:
• $24,145 for kit with Standard ALERT software and
Manufacturer:
DLI Engineering
Model/Link
DCA-50
http://www.dliengineering.com/downloads/dca-50-
cutsheet.pdf
Features:
• Barcode or Route Driven Data Collection
• Large Color Screen and Touchpad
• Spectrum, waveform, overall (RMS), envelope,
demodulation, tachometer speed, 1X amplitude and
phase (with tachometer)
• 256MB RAM with 1GB+ Data memory
16
DLI Watchman
DCA-50
DLI Watchman DCX
DLI Watchman
DCA-31 B

17

Manufacturer
:
C
3
, C-Cubed Limited
Model/Link
Pocket VibrA Pro
http://www.pocketvibra.com/PV_Pro_07_A4_Low_Res.pdf
Features:
• Small size, based on a hand held PDA
• 3200 line resolution
• Diagnoses and displays out-of-balance, misalignment, looseness
and bearing faults
• Exports to word and excel
• 64 MB Ram, 128 or 256 MB Memory
• Drop tested to MIL-STD-810F, 26 drops from 1.22 m, 6 additional
drops at –20º, 6 additional drops at 60 º
• IP 67 sealing rating, Sealed against accidental immersion (1m for 30
min)
Cost:
• $7505.00 Base unit (see price sheet)
Manufacturer
:
SKF
Model/Link CMXA 70-M-K-SL http://www.skf.com/files/520877.pdf
Features:
• Small size, ¼ VGA color screen
• Spectrum, waveform, envelope demodulation
• Time synchronous averaging
• Intel® XScale™ PXA255 processor at 400 MHz
• 64 MB of RAM with 50 MB flash memory
IP 65 Sealing rating
Cost:
$30,618.00 For kit with accessories, 2 accelerometers, and training
package.
Manufacturer
:
Commtest
Model/Link
VB 5
New, product no link yet.
Features:
• Includes Ascent level 1 software
• Based on the successful VB7 platform in a more affordable package
• 1 GB memory
• 6400 line FFT resolution
• 1 channel operation
• Envelope demodulation
• Left or right hand interface
18

19
Pocket VibrA PRo
CMXA 70-M-K-
SL
No photo available

20

Manufacturer
:
Commtest
Model/Link
VB 7
http://www.commtest.com/content/products/vbSeries/vb7.aspx
Features:
• Includes Ascent level 2 software
• 1 GB memory
• 6400 line FFT resolution
• Support for acceleration, displacement, Velocity and current sensors
• 2 channel operation
• Envelope demodulation
• Left or right hand interface
• Balancing feature
Cost:
• $19,999.00 with software, carrying case and
Manufacturer
:
Schenk Balancing and Diagnostic Systems
Model/Link
VIBROTEST 60
http://www.reliabilitydirect.com/vibrationmeterproducts/pdf/RDI_VB100
0V.pdf
Features:
• FFT-spectrum resolution with 12,800 lines
• 1 Hz – 20 kHz usable frequency range
• Compact flash card for expandable memory
• Optional balancing software
• PC software available
• Averaging function for noise and beat influence reduction
Cost:
• $12,27.00 for kit with basic software
• $22,471.00 for kit with XMS software (see attached price list)
Manufacturer
:
Vibrations Consultants Inc.
Model/Link
MAX The Machine Expert
http://www.vibcons.com/
Features:
• 4 channel data collection
• Based on a Table PC, 1.4 GHz processor
• Able to analyze signals on site without transferring to a PC
• 256 MB RAM, 40GB shock mounted hard drive
• IP 52 sealing rating, Shock resistant
• Vibration correction - balancing and alignment
• Large database support
• $17,585 (base unit, see attached price sheet)
21

22
VB 7
VIBROTEST 60
MAX The Machine Expert

Manufacturer
:
SKF
Model/Link
MicroVibe-P http://www.monarchserver.com/SKF%20MicroVibe
%20P.pdf
Features:
• Vibration analyzer attachment that works with most PDA’s compact
flash card.
• Displays overall vibration, time-waveform and FFT spectra for
detailed analysis.
• Upload overall scalar data to PC for trending.
• Kit includes MicroVibe-P Module, accelerometer and cable, batteries,
magnetic base, stinger probe, earphones and carrying case (does
not include PDA).
• PDA must use Windows mobile OS to be compatible
Cost: • $2850.00 For kit with out PDA (PDA average cost: $300-500)
Manufacturer
:
Datastick systems
Model/Link
VSA-1225
http://www.datastick.com/pdfs/VSA1214-5CDL.pdf
Features:
• Uses and powers standard ICP-type piezoelectric accelerometers.
• Attaches to Palm TX handheld computer, provides better screen
resolution then the 1225.
• Includes Datastick Spectrum handheld software and Datastick
Reporting System PC software for analysis and trending.
• Provides vibration waveforms and FFTs, as well as overall vibration
with color-coded ISO (or custom) alert levels.
• Extremely low noise floor.
• Uses removable SD cards for memory storage, up to 2GB of data
storage.
Cost: • $6,997.00
23
MicroVibe-P
VSA-1225

Manufacturer
:
Datastick systems
Model/Link
VSA-1225
http://www.datastick.com/pdfs/VSA-1225-Med.pdf
Features:
• Uses and powers standard ICP-type piezoelectric accelerometers.
• Attaches to HP iPAQ hx2400-series and iPAQ hx2700-series
handheld computers.
• Includes Datastick Spectrum handheld software and Datastick
Reporting System PC software for analysis and trending.
• Provides vibration waveforms and FFTs, as well as overall vibration
with color-coded ISO (or custom) alert levels.
• Extremely low noise floor.
• iPAQ hx2495 handheld stores up to 3000 individual signal captures,
and SD memory cards provide up to 2GB of additional storage.
Cost: • $7,297.00
24
VSA-1215

25

Model/Link
Ballmac 211 vibration meter
http://www.balmacinc.com/pdfs/Mod211.pdf
Features:
• Simple operation
• Comes with stereo headphones/ electronic stethoscope.
• Displacement, velocity, and acceleration reading.
• Mils (pk-pk), In/sec (pk), g's (pk) 120 to 150,000 RPM
Cost:
• $1595.00
Manufacturer
:
SKF
Model/Link
SKF Vibration Pen CMVP 50
http://www.reliabilitydirectstore.com/CMVP-50-Vibration-Pen-Plus-
Metric-p/skf-cmvp%2050-en.htm
Features:
• Small size
• Measurement range of 0.7 to 55.0 mm/s (RMS)
• Measures overall vibration 10Hz to 1,000 Hz
• Displacement, velocity, and acceleration reading.
• Auto power off
Cost: • $1,158.28
Manufacturer
:
Technikon
Model/Link
Technekon STD-510 Vibration Data collector
http://www.reliabilitydirectstore.com/Technekon-STD-510-Vibration-
Data-Collector-p/tkn-std-510.htm
Features:
• Single channel data collection
• 8 MB storage
• Built in FFT analysis
• Able to transfer data to a PC for analysis
• 3200 line resolution FFT
• Measures acceleration, velocity, displacement
Cost:
• $3,770.00 with carrying case
26
Technekon STD-510
SKF Vibration Pen CMVP 50
Balmac 211

6. Conclusion/Recommendations:
The products offered by DLI Engineering excel in terms of product features,
software, support and training. The DLI Watchman DCX offers the most features and
options of all the analyzers reviewed. It is based on a tablet PC and has the ability to
trend, analyze and store all of the collected data, this eliminates the need to transfer data
to another computer for analysis. Coupled with the company’s Expert Alert software this
would be a powerful tool for condition monitoring and DLI has, according to their
website, placed a number of these units in marine applications including the US Coast
Guard and the US Navy. It is also the most expensive analyzer reviewed, but the price
includes 6 days of onsite training and familiarization.
A less expensive but equally capable alternative to the DCX is The Machine
Expert analyzer offered by Vibrations Consultants Inc. Like the DCX, The Machine
Expert is based on a tablet PC with a 40 GB hard drive and offers the same capability to
perform on site analysis of Vibration data. Although about half the price of the DCX it
does not have software that is in the same league, as quoted form their website: “Our
Diagnostic Toolbox Software is a standalone, hardware independent package that can
assist you in diagnostics, frequency calculations and training”. Also, the quoted price did
not include training for the unit.
Moving into the large hand held units there were a number of good contenders. The
DCA 50 from DLI Engineering offers a good compromise from the performance of the
bigger tablet PC based analyzers. It offers one of the best IP ratings for water resistance
and impact protection (IP 67), FFT resolution up to 25,600 lines, and expandable memory
storage. The price includes the companies Advanced Alert software and a 6 day
training/support packaged.
27

The VB7 from Commtest is another good handheld Analyzer. It can be operated
with either the left or right hand, has 1GB of memory, and comes with excellent support
software. The software supplied with the unit, Ascent 2007, won the Plant Engineering
award for best product of the year.
The Vibrotest 60 from Schenk Balancing and Diagnostic System is a well rounded
analyzer. It offers a wide range of monitoring features and can be loaded up with
different modules depending on the type of monitoring to be done. The use of PC-cards
allows the operator to store data in a removable medium. This analyzer also comes with
very good software support.
The smaller FFT analyzers and PDA based FFT analyzers can perform much of the
same tasks of the larger purpose built analyzers and are much less expensive. Both the
SKF MicroVibe-P and the data Stick Systems VSA 1225 and VSA1215 are separate
attachments for PDA’s. This gives them the benefit of low cost and good performance, as
the computing power and memory of newer PDA’s actually exceeds that of the other
larger analyzers. The software included with the Micro Vib-P appears to be very
minimalist; it allows data to be transferred to a desktop PC but offers little in the way of
data management and trending support. The software supplied with the VSA 1225 is
based on Excel and allows stored data to be easily transferred to a PC for further analysis
and trending.
The SKF CMXA 70-M-K-SL and the DLI DCA-31 B appear to be based same
platform, with the same key layout and processor. They both have good features such as
a VGA color screen, 400MHz processor, a good list of features, and removable memory
cards (SD cards) which are easy to find and can now store up to 4GB of data. Coupled to
their small size and good environmental rating (IP 65) they would be a good choice for a
hand held analyzer. The SKF CMXA 70-M-K-SL was listed for more then the DLI DCA-
31 B but the SKF model included more accessories and 2 sets of accelerometers, cables
and magnetic bases. Both come with good analysis software, which can transfer data to
another PC and supports route based data collection and trending.
28

Included in the review section were several overall vibration meters, while these are
not suitable for detailed analysis they were included since they are an economical means
of detecting problems in simple rotating machines. They cost a fraction of the dedicated
FFT analyzers and are very simple to operate, requiring very little training. It was
suggested by a sales rep that used to do condition monitoring in large plants and factories
to use an overall vibration meter to take regular measurements of rotation machinery and
when a problem was detected a more advanced FFT analyzer would be used to diagnose
the machine. This allows less experienced personnel to take data from more equipment
and stretches the number of machines that can be monitored effectively with one of the
more expensive FFT analyzers.
The selection and purchase of an FFT analyzer should not be based on the
performance of the analyzers alone. Almost all of the higher end analyzers have similar
features and capabilities but what sets them apart significantly lies in the accompanying
software and service/support from the company. Also the cost of training should not be
discounted from the price of a portable analyzer. Most of the companies which supplied
price quotes for this report recommended on site training to familiarize users to their
product and often included a price for training in the supplied quote.
29

7. References:
[1] http://www.dliengineering.com/vibman.htm
[2] http://www.dataq.com/support/documentation/pdf/article_pdfs/an11.pdf
[3] http://www.commtest.com/uploadGallery/pdfs/vb7_Reference_Guide_230108.pdf
9.Additional Links:
http://www.plant-maintenance.com/articles/ConMon21stCentury.shtml
http://www.vibrotek.com/article.php?article=articles/newgen/index.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condition_monitoring
http://www.desmaint.com/
http://www.e-vibrationtesting.com/
http://ezinearticles.com/?Vibration-Analysis&id=278535
http://www.reliabilitydirectstore.com/Vibration-Meters-s/55.htm
http://www.ilearninteractive.com/
http://www.unitechinc.com/pdf/IntroductiontoTimeWaveformAnalysis.pdf
http://www.dataq.com/support/documentation/pdf/article_pdfs/an11.pdf
http://jet-server.commtest.co.nz/kb2/11692.htm
http://www.calright.com/_coreModules/common/categoryDetail.aspx?
entityType=6&categoryID=69&gclid=CITgm6rZv5ECFQY3gwod6CNZSA
30

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