Vfd 130221061349-phpapp02

Understanding
“VFD”
nfi
Welcome to
Connecting Engineering Students to Industries…
Variable Frequency Drive

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
What is VFD? How it Works?
Induction Motor Facts
VFD Practical Examples

What is VFD ?
Variable Frequency Drive
Used to control the speed of Motor
And make the system intelligent &
Saves energy
Speed of Motor directly Proportional to
Frequency
rmp = 120f/p
F: Frequency
P: Number of Poles

Electric Motor Facts
Electric motors account for more than two-thirds of all energy
used in industry
63% of the energy consumed is linked to air & liquid flow
A typical 50HP industrial motor, with an efficiency of 90%, costs over
$25,000 to operate continuously over a year.

Energy Usage in Office Building
Other
17%
Ventilation
& Cooling
52%
Lighting
31%

How Does VFD vary Frequency?
A VFD, AC inverter, or electronic speed controller for AC motors converts the AC
supply to DC using a rectifier (diode), then converts it back to a variable frequency
by using a inverter bridge.
Switches
(IGBT’s)
VFD Block Diagram
Main
Power
Rectifier Capacitor
Motor

Lets see how we can save energy using
VariableFrequencyDrives

FAN CURVE – BASIC CHARACTERISTIC OF A FAN
FLOW (Q)
PRESSURE(P)
AT A GIVEN SPEED
At decreasing speed

FAN OPERATING POINT WITH LOAD
FLOW (Q)
PRESSURE(P)
Operating Point
P = K X Q.Q

Now lets talk about varying the flow….

SYSTEM LOAD PROFILE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
CFM range
%TIMERANGE

CFM
DUTY CYCLE
(% OF TIME)
100 % 10 %
80 % 40 %
60 % 40 %
40 % 10 %

Now let’s see the different ways of Air Flow
Control…

Basic ON/OFF Control
OFFON
Q max
Average Flow rate: Q max x Ton/ (Ton + Toff)
SIMPLE METHOD
TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION
HOME APPLIANCES

OUTLET DAMPER CHARACTERISTICS
% FLOW (Q)
%PRESSURE(P)
CURVES SHIFTS AS DAMPER CLOSES
60 80 100
100
120
Energy = P X Q

% FLOW (Q)
%PRESSURE(P)
CURVES SHIFTS AS DAMPER CLOSES
60 80 100
100
120
Energy = P X Q
Energy Saving = Difference in Area

CFM DUTY CYCLE
HORSE
POWER
WEIGHTED
HP
100 10 35 3.5
80 40 35 14.0
60 40 31 12.4
40 10 27 2.7
TOTAL AVERAGE HORSE POWER REQUIREMENT 32.6

VARIABLE SPEED
FAN CONTROL
FLOW (Q)
PRESSURE(P)
At decreasing speed100
50
20
1008050

CFM DUTY CYCLE
HORSE
POWER
WEIGHTED
HP
100 10 35 3.5
80 40 18 7.2
60 40 7.56 3.024
40 10 2.24 0.224
TOTAL AVERAGE HORSE POWER REQUIREMENT 13.948
VFD CHARACTERISTICS

CFM DUTY CYCLE
HORSE
POWER
WEIGHTED
HP
100 10 35 3.5
80 40 18 7.2
60 40 7.56 3.024
40 10 2.24 0.224
VFD CHARACTERISTICS
CFM DUTY CYCLE
HORSE
POWER
WEIGHTED HP
100 10 35 3.5
80 40 35 14.0
60 40 31 12.4
40 10 27 2.7
TOTALAVERAGEHORSE
POWERREQUIREMENT
32.6
TOTALAVERAGEHORSE
POWERREQUIREMENT
13.948

OUTLET
DAMPER
VARIABLE SPEED
WEIGHTED HORSE
POWER
32.6 13.948
x KW/HP .746 .746
x HR/MONTH 730 730
= KWH/MONTH 17753 7596
x COST (INR) 2.5 2.5
= TOTAL COST (INR) 44382.5 18990
SAVING CALCULATION:

Saving permonth on a single fan…?

Now Lets see the Practical Demonstration of
VFD

Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Source of Frequency Command
• Master frequency determined by digital keypad
• Master frequency determined by 0 to +10 V input on
AVI terminal
• Master frequency determined by 4 to 20mA input on
ACI terminal
• Master frequency determined by potentiometer on
digital keypad

Source of Operation Command
• Operation determined by digital keypad
• Operation determined by external control terminals,
keypad STOP is effective
• Operation determined by external control terminals,
keypad STOP is ineffective
Applications

STOP Method
• Ramp Stop
• Coast Stop
Applications

Maximum Output Frequency
Range
0 ~ 400 Hz
Applications

Acc./ Dec. Time
Voltage / Frequency Setting for various Applications
Applications

Acc S Curve
To Smooth the Acc/ Dec. Operation
Range 0 - 7
Applications

Jog Frequency
To adjust the Speed of Motor at Jog Mode
Jog Acc./ Dec Time
0.1 to 600.0 sec or 0.01 to 600.0 sec
Applications

Over–Voltage Stall Prevention
Over-Current Stall Prevention during Acceleration
Applications

Operation Control of VFD
2 Wire Control (1)– On/Off & Direction
from Toggle Button
Applications

2 Wire Control (2) – On/Off & Direction
from Toggle Button
Applications

3 Wire Control – On/Off from Push Button &
Toggle Button for Direction Control
Applications

Analog Output Signal
Analog Frequency Meter
(0 to Maximum Output Frequency)
Analog Current Meter
(0 to 250% of the rated AC drive current)
Analog Output Gain 0 ~ 200%
Applications

Bias Adjustment
Applications

Gain Adjustment
Applications

Second Source of Frequency Command
Keypad Up/Down
AVI (0-10V)
ACI (4-20mA)
Keypad Potentiometer
Applications

Reverse Operation Inhibition
Parameter Lock
PLC Operation
Jog Acc./ Dec Time
0.1 to 600.0 sec or 0.01 to 600.0 sec
Applications

VFD saves Energy & make Motor
Control Mechanism Intelligent

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nfi
Connecting Engineering Students to Industries…
Thank You

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