This document provides guidelines for home gardening, including vegetable gardening in backyards, pots, and terraces. It recommends choosing a sunny location with good drainage for the garden and composting kitchen waste. Sample layout plans show intercropping different vegetables and fruits. Regular fertilizer and micronutrient application is advised to optimize growth. Intercropping, mulching, and physical removal are the preferred methods for weed and pest control over chemicals. Proper seed sowing, transplanting, and disease prevention practices are also outlined to help ensure successful home gardening.
Climbers are the group of plants which have weak stems and ability to climb up the support with the help of modified organs.
Landscape uses of climbers
Screening walls Cover slopes Pergolas Avenue planting Cover patio Cover porches For verandahs Standard For arbours On trellises Create privacy Create natural, thick screens Covering slope as ground cover Shading after covering over pergola. Topiary Integrating house with the garden Softening harsh masonry walls To divide different feature of the garden
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System is a new approach to interpreting leaf or plant analysis and a comprehensive system which identifies all the nutritional factors limiting crop production and increases the chances of obtaining high crop yields by improving fertilizer recommendations.
Climbers are the group of plants which have weak stems and ability to climb up the support with the help of modified organs.
Landscape uses of climbers
Screening walls Cover slopes Pergolas Avenue planting Cover patio Cover porches For verandahs Standard For arbours On trellises Create privacy Create natural, thick screens Covering slope as ground cover Shading after covering over pergola. Topiary Integrating house with the garden Softening harsh masonry walls To divide different feature of the garden
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System is a new approach to interpreting leaf or plant analysis and a comprehensive system which identifies all the nutritional factors limiting crop production and increases the chances of obtaining high crop yields by improving fertilizer recommendations.
Scope Of Vegetable Seed Production Under Protected Cultivation.pptxAnusha K R
Protected cultivation provides many-fold advantages over open field seed production of vegetables. The beauty of vegetable hybrid seed production under protected conditions is that it could be implemented at a micro or macro level depending upon the need, space, and seed crop requirements. This technology is highly productive, amenable to automation, conserves water, fertilizer, and land, and provides the required environment to overcome the biotic and abiotic stress and enhance yield as well as the quality of seeds. Protected cultivation offers a very congenial environment for producing healthy, virus-free, and genetically pure hybrid seed with higher seed yield per unit area.
69 .Kitchen gardening ( facts) A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Fo...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Scope Of Vegetable Seed Production Under Protected Cultivation.pptxAnusha K R
Protected cultivation provides many-fold advantages over open field seed production of vegetables. The beauty of vegetable hybrid seed production under protected conditions is that it could be implemented at a micro or macro level depending upon the need, space, and seed crop requirements. This technology is highly productive, amenable to automation, conserves water, fertilizer, and land, and provides the required environment to overcome the biotic and abiotic stress and enhance yield as well as the quality of seeds. Protected cultivation offers a very congenial environment for producing healthy, virus-free, and genetically pure hybrid seed with higher seed yield per unit area.
69 .Kitchen gardening ( facts) A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Fo...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
70 .Kitchen gardening ( process) A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
New Students Gardening Pocket Guide - Basic Steps to Gardening with Special Focus on Small Gardens for the Classroom or Household
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For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
78 . Kitchen garden (seed bed preparation) A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
21 .Kitchen gardening prerequisite A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A
Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
41 .kitchen gardening story in pakistan A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
10. Kitchen gardening A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A
Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
The ultimate guide for carrot farming 2018Amar Sawant
Carrot is important root crops cultivated throughout the world for its fleshy edible roots. Carrot farming is done in the spring, summer, and autumn in temperate climate countries and during winter in tropical and subtropical regions.
Roots of carrot are used as a vegetable for soups & curries; graded roots are used as a salad, tender roots as pickles also Carrot halwa and jam are famous.
Carrot juice is a rich source of carotene and is sometimes used for colouring buffer and other food articles. Carrot tops are used for extraction of leaf protein, as fodder and also for the poultry feed.
Carrots possess many medicinal properties and are used in Ayurvedic medicine. Carrots are a rich source of b-carotene and contain appreciable amounts of thiamine and riboflavin.
The Carrot crop is the Second most popular vegetable in the world after potato. China ranks first in production followed by Russia.
The major carrot growing states in India are Karnataka, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.
A useful compendium of Agricultural knowhow meant for farmers and agricultural service providers, students etc. developed in-house at Indogulf Cropsciences Ltd.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
2. Various areas of Home Garden
Backyard- Vegetable Patch
Lawn
Flower Beds
Hedges, Edges, Topiary
Pots
Terrace Gardens
Here we discuss on Vegetable Gardening in
Backyard, Pots and Terrace
3. Kitchen Garden- General Guidelines
It should be in a sunny location as most fruiting plants need ample
sunlight.
North or East Facing garden will get most Sun
Layout to be done in such a manner to avoid shade of taller plants/trees
on smaller plants
Irrigation source is a must, we can use the bathroom and kitchen waste
water
Provide for a compost pit for taking care of trash and for round the year
supply of manure
Soil to be Sandy loam with good drainage. Use lots of organic manure for
best fertility
Depending upon size of plot, we can choose
– Fruit trees- Mango, Papaya, Lime, Pomogranate etc ( choose dwarf varieties)
– Trees yielding vegetables- Drum sticks, Carrisa ( Karonda)
– Herbaceous Vegetables- Tomato, Brinjal,Chiiles
– Leafy Vegetables- Spinach, Fanugreek, Coriender
– Root Crops- Radish, Turnip, Carrot
– Climbers- Cucurbits- Can be trained on trellis, walls, trees etc
4. Layout Plan and Choosing what to
Grow
According to the space, the Plan should be made
to avoid too much crowding and also maximizing
the space- both Horizontal and vertical.
Perennials and tall crops to be planted towards
the North boundaries away from Sun so that
they may not interfere with vegetable crops.
Vines can be trained on these crops.
Longer duration crops to be intercropped with
smaller duration crop.
5. Suggested Plan
of a 50 Sq M
Vegetable
Garden
Crop Photos of
intercrops
Okra
Okra
Brinjal
Tomato
Tomato
Tomato
Compost
Pit
MaizeOkra
ChilliesBrinjal
Drumstick
Mango
Banana&Papaya
Bean/PeatrainedonTrellis
SpinachSpinach
Cucurbitstrainedonbuilding
CapsicumBrinjal
TomatoTomato
SpinachSpinach
MaizeOkra
c
WaterChannel
6. Land Preparation
Land to be thoroughly prepared to a fine tilth.
Organic Manure to be applied as much as
possible.
Depending upon the soil, we can lay out flat or
raised beds. Width of the beds should not
exceed 4 ft and a gap, Water channel or
walkway of 1-1.5 ft to be provided for easy
watering and access.
7. Fertiliser Application
Plants Need regular Fertiliser application in order to grow properly. As
much as possible Organic manures to be used in kitchen Garden.
Fertilisers can be used either as a Basal or Topdressed.
For most Vegetables, use a mixture of 10-15 gm DAP, 10 gm MOP, 1-2 gm
Kargill DF, 2 gm Root-o-Max Gold , 2 gm Indomycoriza and 1-2 gm Zinc
Super gold per sq M as Basal fertiliser.
Urea @ 8-10 gm per sq m to be top-dressed as per the crop requirement.
Pradhan19:19:19 @ 2 gm per Lit, Picaso Gold 1 ml per lit and Bio Gold @
1 gm per lit tobe sprayed at 12- 15 days interval during the growth phase
of the vegetables.
During Flowering and Fruiting Stages, use Pradhan Plus ( 13:0:45) or SOP (
0:0:60) in place of Pradhan.
These are general Directions, this schedule can be changed according to
the crop:- Leafy and Grassy Crops need more N, Pod and grain crops
require more P and Root and Fruit bearing crops need more K
8.
9. Complete Micronutrient
Food for Optimum Growth
and productivity
Use 2-3 ml per lit water for
spray
Pure Sea Weed Extract for
Nutrition and Stress free
Home Garden
Use as slurry for root dipping
before transplanting
@ 10 gm per lit water.
Spray @ 2-3 gm per lit water
Powerful combination of
Microelements,
Essential Amino Acids
and Hormones
For Optimum Growth
Dose- 2-3 gm per lit
water
10. Silicon based Super Spreader for maximum effectiveness of all
Sprays and for effective irrigation
Use- 1 ml per 3lit Spray Solution / 15 ml for 50 sq m area (
Mixed in sand and applied before irrigation
11. Interculture and Weed Management
Kitchen garden should be planned and grown in such a
way that no inch of land may be wasted, however
unwanted plants or Weeds do come up and compete
with the main crop.
As much as Possible, Weeds to be managed by
Interculture and not Chemically. Bound off (Glyphosate
41% SL) and Fire (Paraquat 24 % SL) may be used for
cleaning pathways, Waterways and other general areas
and to be avoided on main crop.
Weeds can be controlled by mulching the open area
between crop
12. Plant Protection
We do not recommend Pesticides use on crops until
absolutely necessary. Insects, where ever possible may
be physically collected and disposed off. Neem Based
Formulations should be preferred as first line of
defense.
For Termites, ants etc, Srigent Gr ( Fipronil 0.3% Gr) @
2 gm per Sq m may be mixed in soil during soil
preparation.
For most Fungal and Bacterial diseases, Preventive
application of Acer @ 2 gm + Bacterogold 0.05 gm per
lit water may be used as spray or Soil Drench at every
15 days interval
13. Pot and Tarrace Garden
In Urban living, Space is a constraint and a Kitchen Garden is a luxury.
However, gardening can be done in Pots and Terrace.
Pots can be of various Shapes and Sizes. Crop selection should be done so
that the Roots of the plant do not crowd the Pot. Largest size of Pot available
should be preferred
Drainage and aeration is an important factor while choosing pot.
Duration and Amount of sunlight will decide the crop selected. Fruits and
leafy vegetables need at least 4 hours of high intensity sunshine. Potting
Mixture should be 1/3 clay, 1/3 Sand and 1/3 well decomposed organic
Manure. Coconut Husk or dry coconut powder may be added to increase soil
water retention
Fertiliser Application should be done very carefully and wherever possible
Foliar feeding should be done.
For a Pot, the Fertiliser dosage to be calculated as follows
– Assuming a 30 cm deep furrow depth in plot, we arrive at the volume at 300 lit
per sq m.
– The volume of soil in the pot can be taken from below mentioned table. Eg, for a
60 cm dia pot, the soil capacity is 100 L. Hence the Fertiliser application will be
1/3 of the land plot on per sq basis.
14.
15. Pot and Terrace Garden
Terrace gardens can be made in any space, they may be either large
containers or a patch of Soil deposited on a Roof.
Waterproofing and Drainage are key to hassle free waterproofing.
Adequate Sunshine is vital to successful Terrace gardening especially for
growing fruit and leafy vegetables and Flowers
Depth of Soil will determine what you can grow. Hence small herbaceous
plants can be grown in 15 cm depth, while for larger root systems such as
sweet corn or Okra, minimum 50 cm of soil depth is a must.
If you are making a Terrace Garden on the Roof as a base ( Entire or a
corner- Your choice), Make sure that
– Small subplots to be made that are accessible.
– Some Constraining structure should be provided to contain the soil and it may
not overflow and fill the entire Roof or clog the drains.
Soil Mixture will be the same as explained earlier for filling Pots. Similarly
Fertiliser application to be according to the volume of Soil in the Garden.
17. Composting
Most of the kitchen waste can be converted to valuable
compost.
If space is available, then dig a Pit of appox 50 cm and
as suitable dimensions. If not, then take two large sized
Barrels. When One Barrel is filled, keep it aside in a
shady place for about one month,fill the other barrel
while the first gets composted.
Add Earthworms for better composting and nutritive
value.
Compost should be well decomposed before adding to
soil.
18. Seed sowing and transplanting
Seed should be from reliable source.
Very small sized seeds should be grown in germination trays and
kept in partial sunlight for germination. Moisture level should be
maintained but no waterlogging to be allowed.Rooting mixture may
contain coconut powder mixed with Compost.
Once seeds grow sufficiently, they can be transplanted to the main
growing area. Before trasplanting, reeots should be treated with
Biogold slurry made with 10 gm Biogold in 1 lit water. It should be
soaked for 2-3 hours before tranplanting. If soaking is not feasible,
slurry may be applied in the root zone 24 hours before
transplanting.
Transplanting should be done in morning or evening hours to let
the plant come out of transplanting shock. Moisture to be adequate
for seedling to establish.
20. Control of Pests
As much as Possible,
Physical control
should be preferred.
Phyto-sanitation to
be observed for
reducing the pest
infestation, if other
measures fail, Neem
Based Formulations
are recommended for
Pest Control
Predators such as
Lady Bird Beetle
should be preserved.
21. Chemical Control
If any other measure doesn’t work, we recommend Sitara @ 1 gm per lit water or Dawn
7000@ 1 gm per lit water for effective control of most of the pests.
23. Prevention of Diseases
Major Fungal Disease
control can be
achieved with
prophylactic Spray of
Acer @ 2 ml per lit
water. Hence during
every operation from
Land/pot preparation
to later stages, Soil and
Plant drenching with
Acer is recommended.