The document provides a detailed overview of varnishes, describing their characteristics, advantages, and various types including natural resin, modified natural resin, and synthetic varnish. It also categorizes varnishes based on oil content—long, medium, and short—and outlines suitable environments and preparation methods for applying varnish. Additionally, it includes product information regarding coverage, thinning, and cleaning procedures.

1. Name = Junaid Asghar
Class no = 148
Section = E.

2. Varnishes:
• It is a more or less transprent
liquids,which are used to
provide a protective surface
coating like paint.

3. Varnishes:
• It is a more or less transprent
liquids,which are used to
provide a protective surface
coating like paint.

4. Advantages
• At the same time varnishes allow the orignal
surface to show and add a lustrous and glossy
finish to it.
• Finishing wood with varnish not only
preserves it but it also protect it against
scratches and strians.
• It also beautifies wood pieces.

5. Types of Varnishes
A)Natural resin varnishes:
• Body made from natural resin obtained from certain trees.
• Natural resin obtained from living trees or from
fossils(which are superior)
• Vehicle in varnish are linseed oil,soya bean oil,fishoil etc
• Resins dissolved in oil ►mixture heated to temperature
(500-600OF) depending on the amount of gloss required
• Oil and natural resin varnish ►OLEORESINOUS varnish
• Thinners are turpentine oil
• Dryers used in varnish are organic salts of iron,zinc, to
accelerate the oxidation and hardening of vehicle

6. B) Modified natural-resin varnishes:

7. C) Synthetic- resin varnish:
• Synthetic varnish produced by plastic
industry
• Chemicals used include nitrocellulose,
amino resins, silicon etc
• Vehicle most often the same as for
oleoresinous varnish
• Coal tar derivatives may be used as
thinners
• Dryer is also the same as for other types
of varnishes

8. CLASSIFICATION OF VARNISHES
• a) LONG-OIL VARNISH:
• Long oil contain 40 to 100 gal of oil per 100 lbs of
resin
• Takes longer time to dry
• Moderate gloss
• Marine and spar varnish belongs to this group
• Tung oil used ► impervious to water

9. b) MEDIUM-OIL VARNISH
• Medium-oil contain 12 to 40 gal of oil per 100 lbs
of resin
• They dry faster ► harder
• Harder film than long-oil varnish but are not
impervious to water
• Floor varnish belongs to this group

10. c) SHORT-OIL VARNISH:
• Short-oil contain 5 to 12 gal of oil per 100 lbs of
resin
• Dry rapidly ► form a hard film that withstand
much rough usage
• Polishing varnish belongs to this group

11. Suitable Enviornment for appling
Varnish:
• Choose well lit area.
• Choose a ventilated area.
• Choose an area that is free from dust and dirt.
• Pay attention to the temperature(21-26 c) and
humidity

12. Preparing materials for varnish:
• Remove the old finish.
• Remove the old by sand paper or by other
methods.
• Remove the dust particles,
• Clean it with a damp cloth and leave it for
drying.

13. Varnishing the materials:
• Prepare the varnish for the initial coat.
• Apply the first coat and let it to dry.
• Clean the first coat with a damp cloth and let
it dry.
• Apply the second coat and let dry, and so on.
• Wait for the varnish to finish curing.

14. Product Information:
• Coverage =12-14 m^2/lit/coat.
• Thinner = Mineral turpentine oil.
• No of coats = 2-3 coats.
• Cleaning = clean all equipment with
turpentine oil.