The document discusses different types of paints used for various surfaces, their characteristics and applications. It covers oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, enamel paints, cement paints, aluminum paints and plastic paints. It also discusses varnishes, distempers, wall finishes, plaster of Paris and the psychology and effects of different colors. Market rates of popular paints, distempers and varnishes in India are provided at the end.

1. Paints
Submitted by-
Anas khan
Submitted to-
Ar. Huma Matloob

2. INTRODUCTION
◈Paint is a solution of a pigment in
water, oil, or organic solvent, used to
cover wood or metal articles either for
protection or for appearance.
◈For different surfaces different types
of paints from different companies are
used.
◈Some of the leading companies of
India are Asian paints, nerolac,
berger, nippon etc.

3. Paints
Interior Exterior
Wall Paints
Luster
Distemper
Enamel
Emulsion
Metals
Wood
Enamel
Wood finish
Emulsion
Textured
Cement

5. Oil paint
◈The oil paints are used for painting wooden and
metallic surfaces.
◈ In these paints various oils like linseed oil, poppy
oil and castor oil etc. are used as carrier.
Applications of Oil paints
 Oil paint is used in finishing and
protection of wood in buildings .
 Due to its slow-drying properties,
it has recently been used in paint-
on-glass animation.

6. Synthetic Paints
◈These paints sets very quickly and
offering durability.
◈They also have a better flow and
are easier to apply.
◈Drying is by evaporation of the
solvent, by oxidation and chemical
change.
Application of Synthetic paints
 It is applied on surfaces which may
not be completely dry e.g. Fresh
concrete.

7. Emulsion Paints
◈These paints are formed by mixing oil/water
and an emulsifying agent to prevent the
combination separating.
◈These paints are washable and have a
greater overall decorative appeal.
◈As per requirement both interior and exterior
emulsion paints exist.
Application of Emulsion paints
Emulsion paints are used to paint interior
walls, ceilings, exterior wall and
facades.

8. Enamel paint
◈Enamels are hard, washable and
usually glossy paints.
◈They can be oil based or alkyd based
Applications of enamel paints
 The enamel paints are used not
only on metal surfaces but also
on interior walls and wooden
surfaces.

9. Cement Paints
◈This paint consist of white cement, pigment,
accelerator, and other additives.
◈It is available in dry powder form.
Applications of cement paints
 It is used for painting exterior wall surface
mainly for preventing water penetration and
reductions of dirt collection.
 It is suitable for coating concrete as well as
decorating indoor and outdoor walls.

10. Aluminium Paints
◈The very finely ground Aluminum is suspended in
either quick-drying spirit varnish or slow drying oil
varnish.
◈ This paint is visible in darkness.
 It can also be used for fine interior work,
including furnishings and on the surface
of metals.
 The aluminum paint is widely used for
painting gas tanks, hot water pipes,
radiators, etc.
Applications of aluminum paints

11. Plastic paint
◈It is water base paint which contains plastics .
◈This paint is durable and can be washed.
◈They can be easily applied on the plastered walls.
◈Plastic paints are used wherever high class work is
required, such as sophisticated buildings, show-
rooms, theatres and auditoriums.
11

12. Characteristics of good paints
◈It should give a thin and uniform coating.
◈ It should be hard and durable on drying.
◈The painted surface should not crack on drying.
◈ It should be resistant to weathering and corrosive action.
◈ It should be water-repellent (except water paints).
◈ It should have good spread.
◈It should have good adhesive power. It should give a good
finish with attractive color, design and appearance.
◈The colors should be fast and permanent.

13. Defects in Paints
◈Bleeding: Discoloration of paint film due to pigment seeping to the
surface from undercoats or gum from knots in timber.
◈Blistering: Formation of small areas of swelling on the surface
caused by painting in the direct heat of the sun or from trapped
moisture, seeping through to the surface or from corrosion sites.
◈Blooming: It is the mistiness which can appear on varnished or
highly glossed surfaces. It is due to the presence of moisture,
draughts or frost during application or condensation on newly painted
areas. Remedy is to repaint.
◈Chalking: It is the powdering of a paint film usually on exposed
outside surfaces. It is a sign that repainting is necessary and may be
due to poor quality paint.

14. ◈Cissing: It is the shrinking of a paint film usually in quite
small, but sometimes large areas. It is often due to a greasy
undercoat or lack of key between coats.
◈Cracking: It starts as fine hair cracks and may turn to
flaking. It can be due to lack of elasticity in the finishing coat.
◈Wrinkling: It is due to incorrect application and excess of
paint which forms “runs” on the surface. Remedy is to rub
down and start again.
◈Brush Marks: These may be due to the paint being too stiff,
by poor workmanship or by brushing over paint which has
partially set

15. Varnishes
◈The term ‘Varnish’ is used to indicate the solution
of resin or resinous substances prepared either in
alcohol, oil or turpentine.
◈Varnishes are used to give a transparent film to a
surface.
These
are of
two
types
Oil
varnish
Contains oil as
base material.
Drying by
evaporation of oil.
Spirit
varnish
Contains sprit as
base material.
Drying by oxidation of
sprites.
Used on internal
surfaces like furniture.

16. Characteristics of varnishes
◈Transparent
◈Hard
◈Protective finishes
◈It is a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or
solvent.
Properties of varnishes
 It should dry rapidity.
 It should form a hard film on drying.
 It should not crack on drying. It should have sufficient elasticity.
 It should be durable and weather resistant.
 It should give and uniform pleasing.

17. Distemper
◈Distempers are durable and economical
water based Paints
◈They are used mainly on internal walls
and ceilings and most of them give a flat
finish.
◈It can be removed by washing or brushing.
◈The distemper Includes coloring agents,
as well as chalk and lime as integrates.

18. Types of Distemper
These
are of
two
types
DRY
DISTEMPER
Water based wall paint.
main constituents
are chalk lime, glue and
water.
Available in powder form.
OIL BASED
DISTEMPER
Water based distemper
which contain some
drying oil.
Available in liquid form.

19. Types of wall finishes
Flat Paint finish-
◈There’s no shine or sheen to the finish. It is
easy to apply, although it can often take more
than a single coat to create a good solid
color.
◈Works best in living room, bedroom and
ceilings.

20. Satin/ Pearl-
◈This is very durable in terms of wash
ability and resistance to moisture.
◈ It will offer shine more than eggshell
finish.
◈Works best in children rooms.
Eggshell
 An eggshell finish has a shine that’s
extremely subtle but without the same
smoothness as a satin finish.
 Works best in kitchen.

21. Semi-Gloss
◈It offers a hard finish, is suitable to heavy
use and is easy to clean with just soap and
water.
◈The shine produced is less than full gloss
paint,
◈Work best on doors and cabinets
Gloss Paint
◈This finish offers high shine on the walls.
◈Works best on woodwork and doors.

22. Plaster of Paris
◈It was made from the extensive gypsum
deposits of Montmartre in Paris.
Uses of Plaster of Paris
 Plaster in building material used for the
protective or decorative coating of walls and
ceiling and for moulding and casting
decorative elements.
 It is widely used for making false ceiling.

23. MARKET SURVEY
Average rates of paint, distemper and varnishes
PRODUCTS RATES OF PRODUCTS (PER
LTR)
WHITE ENAMEL PAINT ₹ 260 /liter
COLOR ENAMEL PAINT ₹ 220 /liter
PLASTIC PAINT ₹ 225 /liter
EMULSION PLASTIC PAINT ₹ 100 /liter
DISTEMPER ₹ 40 /liter
VARNISHES ₹ 220 /liter

24. COLOUR
◈Colour is an international visual language understood by all
so when you're trying to communicate or transmit something
through interior design, there's no better way to do it than
through colour.
◈Colours give us a certain state of mind, can energize us, can
cheer us, can make us feel safe, calm, relax, can increase the
ability to concentrate or remember us pleasant things.

25. Psychology Of Colors in Interior Design
◈People perceive colors differently. Generally, they respond to
colors in the same way, but the effects will not be the same for
every person. For example, one certain color can unconsciously
awakens you some memories or feelings, this can happen with
someone else but sensations and memories being different.
◈Another example would be black color which many associate it
with mourning or something sad, while others may like and feel
good surrounded by it.

26. I will describe some psychological effects of colours
Brown Colour:-
◈ It gives the feeling of naturalness and comfort.
◈ And can be very pleasant if we think of chocolate, coffee and
cakes.

27. Grey Colour:-
◈ Pure grey is the only colour that has no direct psychological
properties.
◈ Gray is neutral, unemotional and not a true colour in itself.
◈ But if another colour with precise tone is used with grey then
gives us charming effect.

28. White Colour:-
◈ It creates a refreshing and clean look.
◈ If in a room is used on walls, furniture or floor, white may give
the impression that it is much higher than it is.

29. Black Colour:-
◈ If we use it in a smart way, black gives an elegant and
sophisticated look to interior design.
◈ Most people associate black with death, mourning,
widowhood, and generally with formal and serious occasions.

30. Yellow Colour:-
◈ it is the colour of confidence, happiness and optimism.
◈ A pale yellow applied on walls or ceiling can bring a little
sunshine.

31. Red Colour:-
◈ The colour red often indicate a threat, it can increase heart rate
and blood but with a warmer shade you can feel very good.
◈ A room with much red can increase the level of passion. Like
orange, red is known to increase appetite and thus is widely used
in kitchens.

32. Blue Colour:-
◈ It can create a cool and clear look and also create an
atmosphere of work and meditation.
◈ If used in kitchen, paint, furniture or dishes, blue colour is said
to decrease appetite and you can lose weight.

33. Pink Colour:-
◈ It is used to create a fresh and fine atmosphere in the house.
◈ In most countries, the color pink color is seen as a feminine
colour and it is often associated with everything related to
girls.

34. Thank you