Varnish is a transparent, hard protective finish made from a combination of drying oils, resins, and solvents. It is primarily used to protect and enhance the appearance of wood surfaces. Varnish finishes can be glossy or satin/semi-gloss depending on the addition of flattening agents. Varnish intensifies the natural wood grain, protects surfaces from environmental damage, and renders brilliance to painted surfaces. An ideal varnish dries quickly, remains durable and transparent without cracking or fading over time. Common types include oil, spirit, terpentine, water, polyurethane and acrylic varnishes which are used to protect a variety of materials like wood, metal, leather and more.

1. V A R N I S H E S 20_21 isha patel
20_1 divya chaudhari
20_14 riya gamit
20_13 tarannum vajifdar

2. WHAT IS VARNISH ?
WHAT IS VARNISH ?
◾Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish
or film primarily used in wood finishing but also
for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a
combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner
or solvent. Varnish finishes are usually glossy but
may be designed to produce satin or semi-gloss
sheens by the addition of "flatting" agents.

3. why varnishing is done ??
◾To intensify or brighten the appearance of natural
grains in wood.
◾To render brilliancy to the painted surface.
◾To protect painted surface from atmospheric action.
◾To protect unpainted wooden surfaces of doors,
windows, roof trusses, floors etc from atmospheric action

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF IDEAL VARNISH
• It should give glossy surface.
•Should be durable.
•It shou8ld dry rapidly after application.
•It should not develop cracks after drying.
•It is commonly used on wooden surfaces.
•Colour of varnish should not fade away with time.
•It should not hide the natural grain of inner surface
of timber.

6. ▪transparent
▪hard
▪protective finish
▪it is combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent.
▪glossy but may be designed to produce satin or semi-gloss sheens by
the addition of "flatting" agents.
🔸PROPERTIES 🔸

7. INGREDIENTS OF VARNISH
》The three main ingredients of varnish are:
~Resins. The most commonly used resins are
shellac, copal, lac etc.
~Solvents. Based on the type of resin, the type of
solvent is decided.
~Driers. Driers are added to the varnish to
accelerate the process of drying.

8. ▪Boiled linseed oil
▪Methylated sprit of
wine
▪Turpentine Wood
naphtha
▪Amber, copal
▪Shellac or lac
▪Mastic , gum dammar
▪Raw copal and other cheap varieties of resin
Type of solvent Type of resin
TYPE OF SOLVENT TYPE OF RESIN

9. shellac COPAL
RESINS OF VARNISH

10. DRIERS

11. TYPES OF VARNISH
1 . OIL VARNISH
2. SPIRIT VARNISH
3. TERPENTINE VARNISH
4. WATER VARNISH
5. POLYURETHANE VARNISH
6. ACRYLICS VARNISH

12. OIL VARNISH
• They contain linseed oil or other drying oils,
synthetic or natural resins and solvent such as
white spirit or turpentine
• They dry by evaporation of solvent and
oxidation of oil
• The relative proportion of the oil and resins
control the usage ,if the oil is predominant a
more elastic varnish reserved for external work
• If the solvent is the major ingredient a high
gloss which dries out rapidly is obtained for
internal work
• Copal varnish is of good quality
• USES -Oil varnishes are used to coat metals
and wood laminates and to impregnate
electrical windings. They also serve as binders in
the preparation of pigmented paints and
varnishes—for example, primers, putty, and
enamel paints, or oil enamels

13. SPIRIT VARNISH
• Spirti varnish is a solution of shellac
and spirit resins dissolved in
commercial alcohol
• They are only suitable for internal
surface like furniture
• Polyurethane varnish is a type of
resin varnish producing a very durable
finish
• USES -spirit varnishes were the principal
materials used for the finishing of wooden
items (furniture, musical instruments, toys)
as well as of leather, paper, and glass. Spirit
enamels were used to paint wooden casting
molds

14. TERPENTINE VARNISH • These varnishes use turpentine as solvent in
which soft resins such as gum dammar,
mastic and resin and dissolved
• They dry quickly but not so durable
• These are cheaper than oil varnish

15. WATER VARNISH • These varnishes are formed by dissolving
shellac in hot water using enough quality of
either ammonia, borax ,potash or soda
• They are used for varnishing wall paper ,
picture books etc.

16. POLYURETHANE
VARNISH
• Varnish are typically hard ,
abrasion-resistant, and durable
• They are good for hardwood floors but are
considered by some wood finishes to be
difficult or unsustainable for furniture

17. ACRYLIC VARNISH • they are water-borne varnishes with Lowest
relative index of all finishes
• High transparency Have advantage of water
clean up

18. USES OF VARNISH
• Varnishes include protective coatings for wood surfaces, paintings
including di erent decorative items. Varnish preserves and improves the
look of wood flooring, interior wood paneling and trim, and furniture.
• Varnishes would be used to shield wooden surfaces such as windows,
doors, floors including roof trusses from the environment.
• There are various varnishes for particular uses. Oil varnish, composed of
a resin and a drying oil, is the ideal alternative for woodwork.
• The spirit varnish, partly made up of alcohol that produces a protective
coating on evaporation, is most commonly used on musical instruments.
• Natural varnish, made of tree sap, is routinely used as a repair covering
for previously varnished products.

19. » ADVANTAGE OF VARNISH
» The varnish is introduced on unpainted furnishings as well as other
wood carvings to beautify the layer by covering the exquisite grain of
the wood and also to preserve the surface from the harmful effects
of the environment.
» The painted surface is decorated to improve the quality of the paint
also maximize the longevity of the paint film.
» More molecular stability.
» A higher concentration of resin.
» Thicker finishing.
» Simple application
» .Cheap to buy
» .Enabled at one degree of brightness (glossy).
» Bright finishing.Simple to identify.

20. DISADVANTAGE OF VARNISH
It’s not robust so it shouldn’t be flood-resistant.
More resistant than urethane varnish.
Clear and bad scent.
Turns yellow in time.
Dry painfully.
Enabled to contain up to 450 g of VOC/L.
Needs to wear a mask.
Masks the grain of the trees.
Toxic and detrimental to your wellbeing Needs the move of citizens.

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