This document discusses the history and forms of literature in the Philippines from the pre-colonial period up until the 21st century. It covers oral literature like riddles, proverbs, and folk songs that existed before Spanish colonization. During the Spanish period, religious literature like the Pasyon and non-religious forms like awit and korido emerged. Propaganda literature criticizing Spanish rule and revolutionary literature supporting independence also developed. The American period saw the introduction of poetry, drama, and novels imitating American styles. Literature declined under Japanese occupation but was revived after independence. The 21st century has brought new genres like digital fiction, graphic novels, and science fiction that incorporate modern technologies.

1. By: Mrs. Princess M. Cuison

2. What is Literature?
• It is the body of written works
produced in a particular language,
country, or age.
• Writings having excellence of form or
expression and expressing ideas of
permanent or universal interest.
• Written works, especially those
considered of superior or lasting artistic
merit.

3. What is Literature?
• Literature is the total of
preserved writings belonging to a
given language or people.

4. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

5. Pre – Spanish Literature
• It existed before the Spanish
occupation in the 1500s
• It is oral in nature which contains
mostly about the life of the Filipino
people in the ancient times
• The sources of literature are usually
the native town folk

6. Forms of Literature in the
Pre- colonial Period

7. a. Riddle- it is a statement that contains
superficial words that functions figuratively and
metaphorically and is usually uttered in a form of
question. (e.g. Kay lapit na sa mata, di mo pa
nakikita)
b. Proverbs/ Mga salawikain- a short saying
that is widely used to express an obvious truth
(e.g. Kung ano ang puno siya rin ang bunga.
Huwag gawin sa iba ang ayaw mong gawin sa
iyo. )
1. Oral Literature

8. 2. Folk Songs -these are folk
lyrics that are usually chanted

9. a. Oyayi o Hele/Lullabies
b. Rawitdawit/Drinking songs
c. Kundiman/Love songs-awit ng pag-
ibig (e.g. Dandansoy)
d. Songs of death/ Dung- aw – awit sa
patay
e. Dalit o Himno/ Religious songs
f. Kumintang- awit sa pakikidigma
g. Diona- awit sa kasal

10. 3. Folk tales/ Mga Kwentong
bayan

11. -are part of oral traditions
which means they originated
in the era before literacy and
are passed down verbally
from generation to
generation.
3. Folk tales/ Mga Kwentong
bayan

12. a. Myth- a well- known story which was made up
in the past to explain natural events or to justify
religious beliefs or customs.
b. Legend – a traditional story that is popularly
regarded as historical but is not proven to be true
c. Fable- uses animals as characters conveying a
moral.
d. Epic- is a long narrative poem recounting the
deeds of a legendary hero.
3. Folk tales/ Mga Kwentong
bayan

13. SPANISH PERIOD

14. SPANISH PERIOD
• The start of the
Philippines’ more
colorful history took
place in March 6, 1521
when Ferdinand
Magellan docked on
the shores of
Homonhon.

15. FORMS OF LITERATURE IN
THE SPANISH PERIOD

16. 1. Religious Literature
- it revolves around the life and death of Jesus Christ
since Christianity was introduced by the Spaniards to
the Filipinos.

17. a. Pasyon – it is about the passion
(journey and suffering) and the
death of Jesus Christ.
b. Senakulo- the re-enactment of
the Pasyon
c. Komedya- it usually depicts the
battle between the Muslim and the
Christians
1. Religious Literature

18. 2. Non-religious Literature

19. a. Awit- these are tales of chivalry where a knight
saves a princess.
(ex. Florante at Laura)
b. Korido- is along metrical tale that follows the
structure of the poem
(ex. Ibong Adarna)
c. Prose Narratives- are easy to understand
instructional materials that teach Filipinos on proper
decorum.
( ex. Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na sina
Urbana at Feliza, 1864)
2. Non-religious Literature

20. 3. Propaganda Literature

21. 3. Propaganda Literature
• These were writings in the form
of satires, editorials and news
articles that aim to attack the
Spanish government.

22. FAMOUS WRITERS DURING THE
PROPAGANDA LITERATURE
a. Graciano Lopez Jaena – Ang
Fray Botod
b. Marcelo H. Del Pilar-Dasalan
at Tocsohan
c. Jose Rizal- Noli Me Tangere,
El Filibusterismo

23. 4. Revolutionary Literature

24. FAMOUS WRITERS DURING THE
REVOLUTIONARY LITERATURE
a. Andres Bonifacio – Obligations of
our Countrymen
b. Emilio Jacinto- Light and
Darkness
c. Apolinario Mabini- The Rise and
Fall of the Philippine Republic

25. PUBLICATIONS
a. El Heraldo dela Revolucion
b. La Independencia
c. La Republica Filipina
d. La Libertad

26. PUBLICATIONS

27. PUBLICATIONS

28. PUBLICATIONS

29. PUBLICATIONS

30. AMERICAN PERIOD

31. C. THE AMERICAN PERIOD
The Philippine public school system was
introduced.
Free public education was given to Filipinos.
The literature during the American period was
considered as imitative of American model.
Instead of asking the students to write originals,
students end up following the form of American
poets.

32. Forms of Literature in the
American Period
1. Poetry- its contents ranged from free writing
to societal concerns under the Americans.
2. Drama- was usually used in the American
period to degrade the Spanish rule and to
immortalize the heroism of the men who fought
under the Katipunan.
3. Remake Novels – took up Dr. Jose Rizal’s
portrayal of social conditions by colonial
repression.

33. JAPANESE PERIOD

34. JAPANESE LITERATURE
The Philippine literature came to a halt.
The use of English language was
forbidden and the use of Filipino language was
mandated under the Japanese rule.
Filipino literature was given a break during
this period. Many wrote plays, short stories etc.
about life in the province.

35. Forms of Literature in the
Japanese Period
1. Poetry- the common theme of most
poems during the Japanese occupation
was nationalism, country, love and life
in the barrios, faith, religion and the
arts.
2. Fiction- the field of the short story
widened during the Japanese
occupation. Many wrote short stories.

36. Forms of Literature in the
Japanese Period
3. Drama- the drama experienced a lull
during the Japanese period because movie
houses showing American films were
closed. Many of the big movie houses were
made to show stage plays. Those were
reproductions of English plays to Tagalog.

37. Forms of Literature in the
Japanese Period
4. Newspaper- writings that came out
during this period were journalistic in
nature. Writers felt suppressed but
eventually the spirit of nationalism
started to seep into their
consciousness.
5. Essays- were composed to glorify
the Filipinos and at the same time to
figuratively attack the Japanese.

38. THE REPUBLIC

39. E. The Republic
Philippine literature in Tagalog
was revived during this period.
Most themes in the writings
dealt with Japanese brutalities,
of the poverty of life under the
Japanese government and the
brave guerilla exploits.

40. THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM
(1946 – 1970)
The Americans returned in 1945.
On July 4, 1946, the Philippines
regained is freedom and the
Filipino flag waved joyously alone.
The chains were broken.

41. THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM
(1946 – 1970)
Newspapers and magazine publications
were re-opened like the Bulaklak, Liwayway,
Ilang Ilang and Sinag Tala. Tagalog poetry
acquired not only rhyme but substance and
meaning. Short stories had better characters
and events based on facts and realities and
themes were more meaningful. Novels
became common but were still read by the
people for recreation.

42. 21st CENTURY
LITERATURE

43. F. 21st Century Literature
-new literary works created
within the last decade
-from January 2001 up to the
present
-deals with current themes and
reflects technological culture

44. F. 21st Century Literature
-often breaks traditional writing
- refers to world literature
in prose produced during
the 21st century.
- Readers grew up with
technology

45. F. 21st Century Literature
-readers are capable of
navigating and interpreting
digital formats

46. 21st Century Literary
Genres

47. 1. ILLUSTRATED NOVEL
-story through text and illustrated images

48. 2. DIGI- FICTION
-triple media literature. It combines
three media: book, movie/video, and
internet website.

49. 3. GRAPHIC NOVELS
- narratives in comic book formats. It is
more artistic and heavily illustrated.

50. 4. MANGA
-a Japanese word for comics. It
is used in the English-speaking
world as a generic term for all
comic books and graphics
novels originally published in
Japan

54. 5. DOODLE FICTION
-literary presentation where the
author incorporates doodle
writing and drawings, and
handwritten graphics in place of
traditional font.

55. 6. CHICK LIT
- is genre fiction which
addresses issues of modern
womanhood, often
humorously and
lightheartedly

56. 7. FLASH FICTION
-is a style of fictional literature
of extreme brevity
Ernest Hemingway:
For sale: baby socks, never worn.
Margaret Atwood :
Longed for him. Got him. Shit.

57. 8. SCIENCE FICTION
-is a genre of speculative fiction
dealing with imaginative concepts
such as futuristic science and
technology, space travel, time
travel, faster than light travel,
parallel universe and
extraterrestrial life.

58. 8. SCIENCE FICTION
-is a genre of speculative fiction
dealing with imaginative concepts
such as futuristic science and
technology, space travel, time
travel, faster than light travel,
parallel universe and
extraterrestrial life.