The document provides information about different types of variables that can be used in quantitative research. It defines continuous and discrete variables, and further categorizes them into interval, ratio, nominal and ordinal variables. Specific examples are given to illustrate each type of variable, like temperature as an interval variable, height as a ratio variable, and planet names as nominal variables. The document aims to help the reader differentiate between kinds of variables and understand their appropriate uses in research.

1. Good morning!
WEEK 2 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

2. PRAYER

3. PRAYER
Dear Lord and Father of all,
Thank you for today.
Thank you for ways in which you provide for us all. For Your
protection and love we thank you.
Help us to focus our hearts and minds now on what we are about to
learn.
Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit as we listen and write.
Guide us by your eternal light as we discover more about the world
around us.
We ask all this in the name of Jesus.
Amen.

4. review
For male
students,
complete the
diagram by
suppling the
different
kinds of
quantitative
research
design

5. review
For female
students,
identify the
strengths
and
weaknesses
of
quantitative
research
design

6. ????
?
DISCRETE
INDEPENDEN
T
NOMINAL
VARIABLE
DEPENDENT
RATIO
INTERVAL
ORDINAL
SAMPLE SIZE

7. KINDS OF VARIABLE
AND SAMPLE SIZE

8. AT THE END OF THE LESSON, YOU WILLBE ABLE TO:
Differentiate kinds of variables and their uses
CS_RS12-Ia-c-3
Specific Objectives
a. Identify the different kinds of variables;
b. Determine the appropriate use of each
variable.

9. AT THE END OF THE LESSON, YOU WILLBE ABLE TO:
Most Essential Learning
Competency
Differentiate kinds of variables and their uses
CS_RS12-Ia-c-3
Determine the appropriate use of each
variable.
Specific Objectives
Identify the different kinds of variables
b
a

10. VARIABLE
● is anything that has a quantity or quality that varies.
● “characteristics that has two or more mutually
exclusive values or properties” (Sevilla and Other,
1988).
● specifically refers to characteristics, or attribute of an
individual or an organization that can be measured or
observed and that varies among the people or
organization being studied (Creswell, 2002).
● The root word of the word is “vary” or simply “can
change”

11. VARIABLE
● For instance, during the quarantine period,
your mother planted tomato seedlings in
pots.
● What are the factors that affects the
growth of the plants?
● How fast the tomato seedlings will grow,
and bear fruits will depend on these
factors.

12. VARIABLE
● Another example, during this pandemic, we
can observe the preparations of the
government on the precautionary measures
● What are the factors that affects the
transmission of the Covid-19 Virus?
● How fast was the rate of transmission of
Covid-19 virus?

13. VARIABLE
● Another example, during this pandemic, we
can observe the preparations of the
government on the education system
● What are the factors that affects the
students academic performance during
online class?
● How effective are the mode of learning
delivery in terms of stuents learning?

14. Kinds of variable
Dependent
variable
• is the presumed
effect
• is observed and
measured.
Independent
variable
• identified as the
presumed cause
• pre-defined and
manipulated by the
researcher

15. Kinds of variable
Sample Title
A study is on the
relationship of study
habits and academic
performance of Male
and Female senior
high school students
of San Roque
National High
School. Dependent
variable
of Academic
performance
Senior High
School Students
of SRNHS
Independent
variable
Study habit of
Senior High
School Students
of SRNHS

16. Kinds of variable
Example
A medical
researcher
wonders if the
amount of airline
travel of a person
engages in
impacts how likely
they are to catch
influenza during
flu season.
Dependent
variable
Impacts how
likely they are to
catch influenza
during flu
season
Independent
variable
Amount of
airline travel of a
person

17. Kinds of variable
Example
Is quality of
sleep affected
by phone use
before
bedtime?
Dependent
variable
Quality of Sleep
Independent
variable
Use of phone
before bedtime

18. Kinds of variable
Example
How does
frequent
handwashing
affect student’s
health?
Dependent
variable
Students
health
Independent
variable
Frequent
handwashing

19. Kinds of variable
Example
A social scientist
explores if there is
a link between
socioeconomic
status and the
number of children
someone has.
Dependent
variable
Socio
Economic
Status
Independent
variable
Number of
children

20. Kinds of variable
Example
How does
caffeine
affect
hunger?
Dependent
variable
Hunger of a
person
Independent
variable
Caffeine
intake

21. Kinds of variable
Example
A housewife wanted to
know which soil is best for
her pechay plants; the soil
purchased from an online
seller, soil from her
backyard compost or the
soil underneath the nearby
bamboo tree. She planted
30 pechay seeds into each
soil source and then
compared the growth of
pechay after a month. Dependent
variable
Independent
variable

22. Kinds of variable
Example
A famous vlogger
wanted to know if
changing the
content of his vlogs
(food review, travel,
study tips, etc.) will
affect the number of
views per uploaded
video. Dependent
variable
Independent
variable

23. VARIABLES
TYPES OF
VARIABLES
CONTINUOUS
Interval Ratio
DISCRETE
Nominal Ordinal

24. CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
A variable that can take infinite number on the value
that can occur within the population. Its values can be
divided into fractions. Examples of this type of variable
include age, height, and temperature. Continuous
variables can be further categorized as:
Interval
Ratio

25. VARIABLES
INTERVAL VARIABLES – It have values that lie along
an evenly dispersed range of numbers. It is a
measurement where the difference between two values
does have meaning. Examples of interval data include
temperature, a person’s net worth. In temperature, this
may illustrate as the difference between a temperature
of 60 degrees and 50degrees is the same as difference
between 30 degrees and 20 degrees.

26. VARIABLES
RATIO VARIABLES – It have values that lie along an
evenly dispersed range of numbers when there is
absolute zero. It possesses the properties of interval
variable and has a clear definition of zero, indication
that there is none of that variable. Examples of which
are height, weight, and distance. Most scores
stemming from response to survey items are ratio-level
values because they typically cannot go below zero.

27. CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
A variable that can take infinite number
on the value that can occur within the
population. Its values can be divided
into fractions. Examples of this type
of variable include age, height, and
temperature. Continuous variables
can be further categorized as:
Interval
Ratio

28. INTERVAL VARIABLES
It have values that lie along an evenly
dispersed range of numbers. It is a
measurement where the difference
between two values does have
meaning.

29. Example
Examples of interval data include temperature,
a person’s net worth.
In temperature, this may illustrate as the
difference between a temperature of 60
degrees and 50degrees is the same as
difference between 30 degrees and 20
degrees

30. ratio VARIABLES
It have values that lie along an evenly
dispersed range of numbers when there is
absolute zero. It possesses the properties
of interval variable and has a clear
definition of zero, indication that there is
none of that variable.

31. Example
Examples of which are height, weight, and
distance. Most scores stemming from
response to survey items are ratio-level
values because they typically cannot go
below zero.

32. discrete VARIABLES
This is also known as categorical or classificatory
variable. This is any variable that has limited
number of distinct values and which cannot be
divided into fractions like sex, blood group, and
number of children in family. Discrete variable
may also categorized into:
Nominal
Ordinal

33. nominal VARIABLES
It represent categories that cannot be ordered
in any particular way. It is a variable with no
quantitative value. It has two or more
categories but does not imply ordering of
cases.

34. Example
Common examples of this variable includes
eye color, business type, religion,
biological sex, political affiliation, A sub-
type of nominal scale with only two
categories just like sex is known as
dichotomous.

35. ordinal VARIABLES
It represent categories that can be ordered
from greatest to smallest. This variable
has two or more categories which can be
ranked.

36. Example
Examples of ordinal variable includes education
level, income brackets, etc. An illustration of
this is, if you asked people if they liked listening
to music while studying and they could answer
either “NOT VERY MUCH”, “MUCH”, “VERY
MUCH” then you have an ordinal variable.

37. Example
While you can rank them, we cannot place
a value to them. In this type, distances
between attributes do not have any
meaning.

38. Example
For example, you used educational
attainment as a variable on survey, you
might code elementary school graduates =
1, high graduates = 2, college
undergraduate = 3, and college graduate =
4. In this measure, higher number means
greater education.

39. VARIABLES
TYPES OF
VARIABLES
CONTINUOUS
Interval Ratio
DISCRETE
Nominal Ordinal

40. Sample Exercise
Jupiter
It’s the fifth and largest
planet from the sun
VENUS
Venus is a planet with very
high temperatures
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant with
beautiful rings MERCURY
Mercury is the smallest
planet in the system
MARS
It’s the fourth planet from
the sun and it’s cold

41. VARIABLES
DISCRETE VARIABLES – This is also known as
categorical or classificatory variable. This is any
variable that has limited number of distinct values and
which cannot be divided into fractions like sex, blood
group, and number of children in family. Discrete
variable may also categorized into:
Nominal
Ordinal

42. VARIABLES
NOMINAL VARIABLE – It represent categories that
cannot be ordered in any particular way. It is a variable
with no quantitative value. It has two or more
categories but does not imply ordering of cases.
Common examples of this variable include eye color,
business type, religion, biological sex, political
affiliation, A sub-type of nominal scale with only two
categories just like sex is known as dichotomous.

43. VARIABLES
ORDINAL VARIABLE – It represent categories that
can be ordered from greatest to smallest. This variable
has two or more categories which can be ranked.
Examples of ordinal variable include education level,
income brackets, etc. An illustration of this is, if you
asked people if they liked listening to music while
studying and they could answer either “NOT VERY
MUCH”, “MUCH”, “VERY MUCH” then you have an
ordinal variable.

44. VARIABLES
While you can rank them, we cannot place a value to
them. In this type, distances between attributes do not
have any meaning. For example, you used educational
attainment as a variable on survey, you might code
elementary school graduates = 1, high graduates = 2,
college undergraduate = 3, and college graduate = 4. In
this measure, higher number means greater education.

45. WHAT SET US APART?
NEPTUNE
Neptune is the eighth and
farthest-known planet
from the sun
JUPITER
Jupiter is the fifth planet
from the sun and also the
largest one
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant with
a radius of nine times the
Earth's Moon
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name and high
temperatures

46. MARKET
ANALYSI
S
02
You can enter a subtitle here
if you need it

47. WHAT SET US APART?
NEPTUNE
Neptune is the eighth and
farthest-known planet
from the sun
JUPITER
Jupiter is the fifth planet
from the sun and also the
largest one
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant with
a radius of nine times the
Earth's Moon
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name and high
temperatures

48. $45,600,00
0
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention

49. CORE VALUES
Jupiter
It’s the fifth and largest
planet from the sun
VENUS
Venus is a planet with very
high temperatures
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant with
beautiful rings MERCURY
Mercury is the smallest
planet in the system
MARS
It’s the fourth planet from
the sun and it’s cold

50. —SOMEONE FAMOUS
“This is a quote. Words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.”

51. AT THE END OF THE LESSON, YOU WILLBE ABLE TO:
Most Essential
Learning
Competency
Differentiate kinds
of variables and
their uses CS_RS12-
Ia-c-3
GOALS &
STRATEGY
Describe the topic of the
section here
Market
analysis
Describe the topic of the
section here
KPI
OVERVIEW
Describe the topic of the
section here
BUDGET
Describe the topic of the
section here
03
02
06
05

52. MARKET SHARE
NEPTUNE
It’s an ice giant
and it’s very far
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
45
%
Jupiter
Planet Jupiter is a
gas giant
29
%
Saturn
Saturn is a gas
giant with rings
16
%
VENUS
Venus is cold
despite being red
10
%

53. CORE CUSTOMER AUDIENCES
gender
Favorite Streaming
genres
70%
30%
55%
ages
65%
35%
Male
Female
21-26
27-32
16-20
27%
18%
55%
Science fiction
Drama
Action

54. PLAYER’S LOCATION
NEPTUNE
Neptune is the eighth and
farthest-known
VENUS
Venus is a planet with
very high temperatures
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant with
a radius of nine
JUPITER
Jupiter is the fifth planet
from the sun
MERCURY
It’s the smallest planet in
the Solar System
MARS
Mars is the fourth and
closest planet to the sun

55. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
pLAYER 001
Neptune is the eighth and
farthest-known planet
Saturn is a gas giant with a
radius of nine times
pLAYER 002
Venus is a planet with very
high temperatures
Mercury is the smallest
planet in the system
pLAYER 003
Jupiter is the fifth planet from
the sun
Despite being red, Mars is a
very cold planet

56. MARKET SEGMENTATION
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Jupiter
Jupiter is the fifth and largest
planet from the sun
VENUS
Venus is a planet with very
high temperatures
MARS
It’s the fourth planet from the
sun and it’s a cold place

57. GOALS &
STRATEGY
03
You can enter a subtitle here if
you need it

58. STRATEGY
PHASE 1
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
PHASE 2
Despite being red, Mars is
very cold
PHASE 4
Venus is a planet with very
high temperatures
PHASE 3
Mercury is the smallest
planet in the system

59. AWESO
ME
WORDS

60. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all
VENUS
Venus is a planet with very
high temperatures
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant with a
radius of nine times

61. CONTEN
T PLAN
04
You can enter a subtitle here
if you need it

62. Customer hierarchy
VIP’S
Front man
Masked men Masked men
Masked men
Masked men
Players Players
Players
Players

63. A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND
WORDS

64. PROMOTION
JUPITER
Jupiter is the fifth planet
from the sun
MERCURY
The smallest planet in the
Solar System
MARS
Mars is the fourth planet
from the sun
NEPTUNE
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
VENUS
Venus is a planet with
very high temperatures
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant with
rings

65. ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN 1
billboards
The smallest planet in the Solar
System and nearest to the Sun,
it’s slightly larger than the Moon
GOALS
● Here you can list your goals
● Here you can list your goals
● Here you can list your goals
BUDGET
$25,000,000

66. ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN 2
press
Venus has a beautiful name, but
also extremely high temperatures.
It’s also toxic
GOALS
● Here you can list your goals
● Here you can list your goals
● Here you can list your goals
BUDGET
$75,000,000

67. PR OUTREACH
Media channels
Radio
Key messages
Email
Web
“Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun”
“Jupiter is the fifth planet
from the sun and also
the largest”
“Venus has a beautiful
name, but also high
temperatures”
goals
Goal 1
74%
Neptune is an ice giant
Goal 3
53%
Venus is hot
Goal 2
82%
Jupiter is big

68. BUDGET
05
You can enter a subtitle here if
you need it

69. 111,000 km
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun
333,000,000
Saturn is a gas giant
5h 43m 45s
Mars is the fourth planet from the sun

70. BUDGET ALLOCATION
JUPITER
MERCUR
Y
VENUS MARS
$2,000 $3,100 $400 $1,300
$3,400 $600 $200 $100
$1,700 $800 $2,500 $700

71. KPI
OVERVIE
W
06
You can enter a subtitle here
if you need it

72. PREDICTED REACH
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and
then paste the new one here. For more info, click
here
New followers
20,000
Mentions &
interactions
10,000,000

73. TIMELINE
PHASE 1
Jupiter is the fifth planet
from the sun and also the
largest one
PHASE 5
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one
PHASE 3
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
full of iron oxide dust
PHASE 2
Saturn is a gas giant with
a radius of nine times the
Earth
PHASE 4
Venus has a beautiful
name but also very high
temperatures

74. MULTIMEDIA
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