Sinkholes are caused by erosion. They may appear suddenly and have devastating consequences. Sinkholes are cavities in the ground that form when water erodes an underlying rock layer. Sinkholes have both natural and human causes. Sinkholes are formed when the land surface above collapses or sinks into the cavities or when surface material is carried downward into the voids. Drought, along with resulting high groundwater withdrawals, can make conditions favorable for sinkholes to form.

1. SINKHOLE
Presented by:
Mark Justine Dela Cruz
Joden Bana Cairo Acejo
Alfha May Cabang
Jencil Villarosa
Geological Hazard

2. What is Sinkhole
Sinkholes are depressions or holes that form
on the Earth's surface due to the collapse or
sinking of the ground. Sinkholes are typically
formed in areas where there is soluble rock,
such as limestone, gypsum, and salt, which
can dissolve when exposed to water or
acidic substances.

3. 1. Natural Process
Two Causes of Sinkholes
2. Human Activities

4. They occur when soluble rock, such as limestone or dolomite,
dissolves due to groundwater, forming cavities and voids
underground.They occur when soluble rock, such as
limestone or dolomite, dissolves due to groundwater,
forming cavities and voids underground. Over time, these
cavities become larger and eventually collapse, causing
sinkholes to form on the surface. The process of erosion and
weathering also contributes to the formation of sinkholes.
Natural Process

5. Sinkholes can also be caused by human activities such as
drilling, mining, construction, and groundwater pumping.
Pumping water underneath the ground causes drainage to
alter their flow which causes the soil to be eroded by water.
Broken pipes underneath the ground can also cause internal
erosion making a void underneath the ground. These
activities can weaken the ground, leading to the collapse of
the surface layer.
Human Activities

6. Fukuoka, Japan
November 8, 2016

7. Guerrero State, Mexico
August 26, 2018

8. Guatemala City, Guatemala
February 23, 2007

9. Different Types of
Sinkholes
1.
2. 4.
3.
Cover Collapse
Sinkholes
Artificial
Sinkholes
Dissolution
Sinkholes
Cover Subsidence
Sinkholes

10. Cover Collapse Sinkholes
This type of sinkhole can
be very dangerous as
they can occur without
warning and can cause
significant damage to
property and human life.

11. Cover Subsidence Sinkholes
These are formed when the
ground beneath the surface
layer slowly subsides or sinks.
It develop gradually over time
in areas where the ground is
covered by permeable
sediments containing sand.

12. Dissolution Sinkholes
Dissolution sinkholes:
It occur in areas where
limestone or dolomite
rock is exposed at the
surface or covered by
thin layers of soil and
permeable sand.

13. Artificial Sinkholes
These types of sinkholes can be caused by carious
human activities, including groundwater pumping
and construction activities. However, the most
common activities that result in artificial sinkholes
are mining, drilling, considerable changes in
weight, as well as a tremendous increase in water
flow, such as a construction of an artificial pond.