This document provides an overview of Vagrant and how it can be used to create development environments. Vagrant allows users to easily set up and configure virtual machine environments for development and testing. It works by defining a "Vagrantfile" that specifies the virtual machine configuration. Vagrant supports provisioning tools like Puppet, Chef and Docker to automate the configuration of VMs. It also allows sharing files between the host computer and guest VMs for development. The document discusses common Vagrant commands and how it can be used to create reproducible environments for tasks like testing configuration code.

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VVaaggrraanntt aanndd CCeennttOOSS 77
Julien Pivotto
CentOS Dojo, Paris
August 25, 2014

2. .
wwhhooaammii
JJuulliieenn PPiivvoottttoo
• System administrator at inuits.eu
• CentOS user since CentOS 5.5
• DevOps believer
• Open-source defender since 2004
• roidelapluie on twitter/github

3. .
• Tool to build development environments
• Easy to use, easy to configure
• Extensible via plugins
• Supports config management utilities
▶ Chef
▶ Puppet
▶ Cfengine
▶ Docker
▶ …

4. .
AA bbiitt ooff ccoonntteexxtt
• Born in 2010 as a ruby gem
• Written by Mitchell Hashimoto (@mitchellh)
• Used to be a wrapper around VirtualBox

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WWoorrkkiinngg wwiitthhoouutt VVaaggrraanntt

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WWoorrkkiinngg wwiitthhoouutt VVaaggrraanntt
• Hard to rebuild, reproduce
• No isolation
• Not the same OS as in production
• What if multiple versions of mysqld/java/…?

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WWoorrkkiinngg wwiitthh VVaaggrraanntt

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FFiixxeedd pprroobblleemmss
• Easy to rebuild, reproduce
• No more "Works on my machine"
• Use the same OS as the production OS
• Use multiple VM's if needed
• Desktop OS is not full of useless config

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DDeevveellooppmmeenntt eennvviirroonnmmeenntt
• One or multiple virtual machine, container, …
• Provisionned (puppet, chef, ansible, script…)
• Any operating system
• A lot of providers supported
▶ Virtualbox
▶ Docker
▶ AWS (plugin)
▶ KVM/Qemu (plugin)
▶ LXC (plugin)
▶ Also closed source VMWare, Hyper-V

10. .
AA VVaaggrraanntt bbaassee bbooxx
• A VM or an image or a Dockerfile
• SSH access if virtual machine
• SSH user for Vagrant
• Optional provisioning systems

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vvaaggrraanntt bbooxx lliiffeeccyyccllee

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vvaaggrraanntt bbooxx lliiffeeccyyccllee

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vvaaggrraanntt bbooxx lliiffeeccyyccllee

14. .
GGeettttiinngg ssttaarrtteedd
• Install Virtualbox and Vagrant
• Import your first box
▶ centos.org
▶ vagrantcloud.com
▶ vagrantbox.es

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IImmppoorrttiinngg aa VVaaggrraanntt bbaassee bbooxx

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IImmppoorrttiinngg aa VVaaggrraanntt bbaassee bbooxx

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vvaaggrraanntt bbooxx aadddd <<bbooxx uurrll>>
• Fetches a base box
• Takes an URL, a json file or a tarball as
parameter
• Adds it to the available base boxes
• Now we can use the box at will!

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CCrreeaattiinngg aa VVaaggrraannttffiillee

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CCrreeaattiinngg aa VVaaggrraannttffiillee

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vvaaggrraanntt iinniitt <<bbooxx nnaammee>>
CCrreeaatteess aa ssiimmppllee VVaaggrraannttffiillee
• The Vagrantfile is the configuration file
• It contains the definition of the environment
• It is written in ruby

21. .
SSiimmppllee VVaaggrraannttffiillee
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = "vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
end

22. .
BBaattttlleesshhiipp rreeaaddyy

23. .
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant box add box url: fetches a box
• vagrant init box name: creates Vagrantfile

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BBoooottiinngg tthhee VVMM

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BBoooottiinngg tthhee VVMM

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vvaaggrraanntt uupp
• Creates a VM in Virtualbox
• Prepares it: setting name, network, port
forwarding
• Once booted: sets the hostname
• On the first run, provisions the VM if needed

27. .
PPrroovviissiioonniinngg
• Altering the box
• Changing configuration
• Running shell scripts
• Running Puppet, Chef, Ansible…

28. .
VVaaggrraannttffiillee wwiitthh pprroovviissiioonniinngg
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = 2
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
config.vm.provision shell, inline: yum install y
httpd
end

29. .
PPrroovviissiioonniinngg tthhee VVMM

30. .
PPrroovviissiioonniinngg tthhee VVMM

31. .
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant box add box url: fetches a box
• vagrant init box name: creates Vagrantfile
• vagrant up: starts/creates the vm
• vagrant provision: run cfgmgmt, scripts

32. .
PPrroovviissiioonneerrss
• Shell
• Puppet
• Chef
• Ansible
• $YOUR_PLUGIN

33. .
II aammddoonnee

34. .
II aammddoonnee

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vvaaggrraanntt ddeessttrrooyy
• Allows you to delete the vm
• Frees disk space
• Ready for a clean vagrant up

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vvaaggrraanntt uupp ((aaggaaiinn))

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vvaaggrraanntt uupp ((aaggaaiinn))

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vvaaggrraanntt uupp ((ccoonntt))
• At first boot, provision the VM if needed
• For next boots, force with --provision

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SSSSHH

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SSSSHH

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II aammddoonnee ((ffoorr ttooddaayy))

42. .
II aammddoonnee ((ffoorr ttooddaayy))

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vvaaggrraanntt hhaalltt
• Halts the VM
• No more than a shutdown
• Start again with vagrant up

44. .
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant box add box url: fetches a box
• vagrant init box name: creates Vagrantfile
• vagrant up: starts/creates the vm
• vagrant provision: run cfgmgmt, scripts
• vagrant destroy: deletes the vm
• vagrant halt: stops the vm
• vagrant ssh: ssh the virtual machine

45. .
VVaaggrraanntt 110011

46. .
PPuuppppeett pprroovviissiioonniinngg
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = 2
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
config.vm.provision shell, inline: yum install q
y bindutils
config.vm.provision puppet do |puppet|
puppet. manifests_path = manifests
puppet.module_path = modules
puppet. manifest_file = site.pp
end
end

47. .
PPuuppppeett pprroovviissiioonniinngg

48. .
PPuuppppeett pprroovviissiioonniinngg

49. .
PPuuppppeett pprroovviissiioonniinngg
• Runs puppet code over a VM
• Tip: use the same code as in prod
• Allow sysadmins to test Puppet code

50. .
PPoorrtt ffoorrwwaarrddiinngg
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = 2
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
config.vm.network forwarded_port , guest: 80, host:
8080
config.vm.provision shell, inline: yum install q
y bindutils
config.vm.provision puppet do |puppet|
puppet.manifests_path = manifests
puppet.module_path = modules
puppet.manifest_file = site.pp
end
end

51. .
EEnnaabbllee ppoorrtt ffoorrwwaarrddiinngg

52. .
EEnnaabbllee ppoorrtt ffoorrwwaarrddiinngg

53. .
MMuullttiippllee VVMM''ss
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = 2
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
config.vm.network forwarded_port, guest: 80, host:
8080
config.vm.provision shell, inline: yum install q
y bindutils
config.vm.provision puppet do |puppet|
puppet.manifests_path = manifests
puppet.module_path = modules
puppet.manifest_file = site.pp
end
config.vm.define web1 do |webvm|
webvm.vm.Network forwarded_port , guest: 80, host:
8080
end
config.vm.define web2 do |webvm|
webvm.vm.Network forwarded_port , guest: 80, host:
8081
end
end

54. .
SSttaarrttmmuullttiippllee VVMM''ss

55. .
SSttaarrttmmuullttiippllee VVMM''ss

56. .
MMuullttiippllee VVMM''ss
• Multiple VM's defined in one file
• Vagrant commands can take the name of
the vm as argument
• Remember: a vagrant file is a ruby file (think
loops, hashes, …)

57. .
NNeettwwoorrkkiinngg
• Multiple networking possibilites
• Port forwarding
• Internal network
• Public network (bridge)
• Depending on provider

58. .
NNeettwwoorrkkiinngg aanndd CCeennttOOSS 77
• Not yet supported OOTB
• But plugins are there!
• vagrant plugin install vagrant-centos7_fix

59. .
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant box add box url: fetches a box
• vagrant init box name: creates Vagrantfile
• vagrant up: starts/creates the vm
• vagrant provision: run cfgmgmt, scripts
• vagrant destroy: deletes the vm
• vagrant halt: stops the vm
• vagrant ssh: ssh the virtual machine
• vagrant reload: vagrant halt vagrant up
• vagrant status: gets the status of the vm

60. .
FFiillee sshhaarriinngg
• Vagrant allows you to share files between
host and guest
• Protocol depends on privider: NFS, rsync,
vbox-addons,…
• By default, the Vagrantfile directory is
mounted on /vagrant

61. .
CCrreeaattiinngg VVaaggrraanntt bbaassee bbooxxeess
• Re-package your used boxes
• Veewee: creates vagrant boxes (and more)
• Packer: creates vagrant boxes (and more)

62. .
CCoonncclluussiioonn
VVaaggrraanntt
• Vagrant is a tool for everyone
• Have a clean environment in minutes
• Safely experience change
• Test on multiple platforms

63. .
CCoonncclluussiioonn
VVaaggrraanntt ppllaayyss nniicceellyy wwiitthh::
• Jenkins (plugins available)
• Puppet (project beaker)
• Any OS
• A lot of cloud providers

64. .
CCoonncclluussiioonn
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant up
• vagrant provision
• vagrant destroy

65. .
CCoonncclluussiioonn
GGooiinngg ffuurrtthheerr
• Read Vagrantfile's comments
• vagrantup.com

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TThhaannkk yyoouu
Any question?

67. .
CCoonnttaacctt
Julien Pivotto
julien@inuits.eu
@roidelapluie
INUITS bvba
Belgium
+32 473 441 636
https://inuits.eu