Vagrant is a well-known tool for creating development environments in a simple and consistent way. Since we adopted in our organization we experienced several benefits: lower project setup times, better shared knowledge among team members, less wtf moments ;-) In this session I'd like to share our experience, including but not limited to: - advanced vagrantfile configuration - vm configuration tips for dev environment: performance, debug, tuning - our wtf moments - puphet/phansilbe: hot or not? - tips for sharing a box

1. Vagrant
for
Real

2. Michele Orselli
CTO@Ideato
_orso_
micheleorselli / ideatosrl
mo@ideato.it

7. http://mitchellh.com/the-tao-of-vagrant

8. 1) clone repo
2) vagrant up
3) there’s no #3

10. 1) clone repo
2) vagrant up

12. #tips

13. vagrantfile configs vm performance
app config tips provision/packaging

14. Portable configuration
tips

15. Don’t use local names
for your boxes
config.vm.box = "base"

16. c.vm.box = "hashicorp/precise64"

17. c.vm.box_url = "http://your_box"

18. Avoid absolute paths

19. c.vm.synced_folder “/myProj","/var/www/myProj"

20. config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/var/www/myProj"

21. Move host specific
configuration outside
Vagrantfile

22. ram: 2048
cpus: 2
ipaddress: 10.10.10.10
vagrantfile-local-config.yml

23. require ‘yaml'
_config =
YAML.load(File.open(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__),
“vagrantfile-local-config.yml”), File::RDONLY).read)
CONF = _config
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.customize["modifyvm",:id,“--memory", CONF["ram"]]
vb.customize ["modifyvm",:id,"--cpus", CONF[“cpus"]]
…
end

24. As rule of thumb you could assign the half cpus and
a quarter of the memory based on your host machine
https://stefanwrobel.com/how-to-make-vagrant-performance-not-suck

25. Force a specific
provider

26. ENV['VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER'] = 'virtualbox'

27. Support multiple
providers

28. config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.customize ["modifyvm",:id, "--memory", CONF["ram"]]
vb.customize ["modifyvm",:id, "--cpus", CONF["cpus"]]
end
config.vm.provider "vmware_fusion" do |v|
v.vmx["memsize"] = CONF["ram"]
v.vmx["numvcpus"] = CONF["cpus"]
end

29. Project’s directories
organization

30. myproject
-- …
-- vagrant
-- Vagrantfile
single git repository
c.vm.synced_folder “.”,”/var/www/myproject"

31. myproject
-- project
--…
-- vagrant
-- Vagrantfile
single git repository
c.vm.synced_folder “./project”,”/var/www/
project”

32. myproject
-- vagrant
-- www
-- project1
-- project2
-- Vagrantfile
single/multiple git repositories
c.vm.synced_folder “./www”,”/var/www”

33. vagrant plugin install
HostsUpdater
(or HostManager)

34. # /etc/hosts
10.10.10.40 host1.lo #VAGRANT: e2bca7c8bf6d76cbcf6ee48998c16f

35. if Vagrant.has_plugin?("HostsUpdater")
config.hostsupdater.aliases = ["host1.lo"]
else
puts "--- WARNING ---"
puts “You should install HostsUpdater”
end

36. Multi-VM
Configuration

37. config.vm.define "web" do |web|
web.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.0.0.2"
web.vm.provider :virtualbox do |v|
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", 2048]
end
web.vm.synced_folder "../", “/var/www"
end
config.vm.define "db" do |db|
db.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.0.0.3"
db.vm.provision :shell, :path => 'vagrant/db.sh'
end

38. Dealing with shared
folders

40. no share

41. native share
- slow
- os indipendent-ish

42. nfs
- fast
- win support :-(

43. rsync
- no real share
- update

44. VM Performance

45. run tests…
still running…

46. mitchellh.com/comparing-filesystem-performance-in-virtual-
machines
Virtualbox vs VmWare

47. Virtualbox 22 min
VmWare 15 min

48. Virtualbox 22 min
VmWare 15 min
+30%

49. use VmWare if you can
(it will cost you a few $)

50. use nfs if you can*

51. vagrant plugin install
vbguest
keeps guest addition updated

52. unless Vagrant.has_plugin?(“vagrant-vbguest")
raise ”please install vagrant-vbguest”
end

53. On VM I/O is the
bottleneck

54. loading webpages
running testsuites
are READ heavy

55. move I/O outside
shared folders

56. Default provider: virtualbox
3 PHP test suites with unit, functional, integration mix
small (sf1): build runs in ~25 sec
medium (zf2): build runs in ~2 mins
large (sf2): build runs ~ 20 mins

57. I/O: logs, cache

58. class AppKernel extends Kernel
{
public function getCacheDir()
{
if (in_array($this->environment, array('dev', 'test')))
{
return '/dev/shm/appname/cache/' . $this->environment;
}
return parent::getCacheDir();
}
public function getLogDir()
{
if (in_array($this->environment, array('dev', ‘test')))
{
return '/dev/shm/appname/logs';
}
return parent::getLogDir();
}
}

59. class AppKernel extends Kernel
{
public function getCacheDir()
{
if (in_array($this->environment, array('dev', 'test')))
{
return '/dev/shm/appname/cache/' . $this->environment;
}
return parent::getCacheDir();
}
public function getLogDir()
{
if (in_array($this->environment, array('dev', ‘test')))
{
return '/dev/shm/appname/logs';
}
return parent::getLogDir();
}
}
+13-16%

60. I/O: move DB on RAM
if you use sqlite move it on /dev/shm

61. vagrant plugin install
vagrantcachier

62. if Vagrant.has_plugin?("vagrant-cachier")
config.cache.scope = :box
config.cache.synced_folder_opts = {
type: :nfs,
mount_options: ['rw','vers=3','tcp','nolock']
}
end
Vagrantfile

63. if Vagrant.has_plugin?("vagrant-cachier")
config.cache.scope = :box
config.cache.synced_folder_opts = {
type: :nfs,
mount_options: ['rw','vers=3','tcp','nolock']
}
end
Vagrantfile
+30%for reprovisioning a box with git, php apache, mysql

64. use cachefilesd for nfs

65. - name: Install cachefilesd
apt: pkg=cachefilesd state=present
- name: Enable cachefilesd
lineinfile: dest=/etc/default/cachefilesd
line=“RUN=yes”
- name: Start cachefilesd service
service: name=cachefilesd state=restarted

66. config.vm.synced_folder "../", "/var/www",
id: “vagrant-root”,
type: “nfs”,
mount_options: ['rw','vers=3','tcp','fsc']
Vagrantfile

67. config.vm.synced_folder "../", "/var/www",
id: “vagrant-root”,
type: “nfs”,
mount_options: ['rw','vers=3','tcp','fsc']
Vagrantfile
-15%
+10%

68. should you trust these
numbers?

70. Application
Management

71. How to access mysql

72. - name: add mysql user
mysql_user: name=ideato
host='%'
password=ideato
priv=*.*:ALL,GRANT
login_user=root
login_password=
- name: config bind address to allow remote remote
connections
lineinfile: dest=/etc/mysql/my.cnf
state=present
regexp='bind-address = 127.0.0.1'
line='bind-address = 0.0.0.0'
backup=yes
- name: restart mysql
service: name=mysql state=restarted

73. Permissions management
in shared folders

74. config.vm.synced_folder "../", "/var/www", id:
"vagrant-root", owner: "vagrant", group: "vagrant",
mount_options: ["dmode=777,fmode=777"]

75. Use host ssh keys

76. config.ssh.forward_agent = true

77. ForwardAgent yes
check ssh config file in your host machine

78. grunt/gulp watch
http://www.sebastien-han.fr/blog/2012/12/18/noac-performance-impact-on-web-
applications/

79. config.vm.synced_folder "../", "/var/www",
id: “vagrant-root”,
type: “nfs”,
mount_options: [‘rw’,'vers=3','tcp','fsc',
'actimeo=1']

80. Provisioning

81. to phansible or not to
phansible?

82. quick and easy way to start
they’re general
old platforms are not supported
a lot of a good ideas you can steal from

83. if which('ansible-playbook')
config.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
ansible.playbook = "ansible/playbook.yml"
ansible.inventory_path = "ansible/inventories/dev"
ansible.limit = 'all'
ansible.extra_vars = {
private_interface: "192.168.33.99",
hostname: "default"
}
end
else
config.vm.provision :shell,
path: "ansible/windows.sh", args: ["default"]
end

84. can you assume everyone in your team
have the same version?

85. if which('ansible-playbook')
config.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
ansible.playbook = "ansible/playbook.yml"
ansible.inventory_path = "ansible/inventories/dev"
ansible.limit = 'all'
ansible.extra_vars = {
private_interface: "192.168.33.99",
hostname: "default"
}
end
else
config.vm.provision :shell,
path: "ansible/windows.sh", args: ["default"]
end

86. the provisioning tool is a moving part:
wanna update? be careful

87. create Vagrant
indipendent provision
scripts

88. config.vm.provision :shell,
:path => "scripts/bootstrap.sh",
:args => "/var/www"
config.vm.provision :shell,
:path => “scripts/provision.sh",
:args => "/var/www"

89. create your own template
https://github.com/ideatosrl/vagrant-php-template

90. you’re in control of provisioning command
you can perform additional checks on
host machine

91. Distributing VMs

92. provisioning does not create immutable
vm by default
eg: package update on LTS

93. live on the edge and fix provision script
use stable package repositories

94. https://speakerdeck.com/mitchellh/vagrant-usage-patterns
Create and distribute your own VM

95. Golden image

96. vagrant package - -name mybox.box
publish it somewhere (http, atlas)
c.vm.box_url = “http://../mybox.box”

97. - Don’t make assumptions about the host
- Provision first, then bake your own image
- The more moving part the harder will get

98. Keep it simple

99. Thank you!
_orso_
micheleorselli / ideatosrl
mo@ideato.it