The document discusses various therapies and interventions for treating trauma in children, including EMDR, brainspotting, trauma-sensitive yoga, biofeedback therapy, equine therapy, and expressive arts. It provides examples of different types of traumatic experiences as well as how trauma can impact child development in domains such as attachment, physical health, affect regulation, behavior, cognition, and self-concept. Several therapists are also listed that provide trauma-focused services in the local area.

1. Becky Russell, LPC/MHSP, Brainspotting, CRM, EMDR Certified
Cameron Clark, LMSW, Trauma-Sensitive Yoga

2. “Overwhelming, uncontrollable experiences that
psychologically impact victims by creating in them
feelings of helplessness, vulnerability, loss of safety
and loss of control”
Beverly James
Treating Traumatized children:
New Insights and Creative Interventions

3.  EXAMPLES OF BIG T
Traumas
 Domestic Violence
 Accidents (Car, athletic, etc.)
 Violence/Crimes (shootings,
robberies, etc.)
 Childhood Sexual Abuse
 Rape/Sexual Assault
 Bullying
 Mental Abuse
 Emotional Abuse
 Spiritual Abuse
 War
 Abandonment
 Witnessing any of the above
 EXAMPLES OF Little ‘t’
Traumas
 Arguments
 Being teased
 Being picked last for a team
 Death of a pet
 Moving
 Witnessing any of the above

4. Simple: occurs as a result of a single
incident, such as an auto accident or fire.
Complex: occurs as a result of repeated
incidents, such as sexual abuse and
domestic violence.

6. “Trauma by definition involves speechless
terror: patients often are simply unable to
put what they feel into words and are left
with intense emotions simply without
being able to articulate what’s going on.”
Bessel Van der Kolk 2002

7. Domain of Development:
ATTACHMENT
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
 Difficulty trusting others
 Uncertain about the
reliability/predictability of others
 Interpersonal difficulty
 Social isolation
 Difficulty seeking help
 Clingy, difficulty with separations

8. Domain of Development:
PHYSICAL
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
 Sensorimotor development
problems
 Hypersensitivity to physical
contact
 Somatization
 Increased medical problems
 Problems with coordination and
balance

9. Domain of Development:
AFFECT
REGULATION
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
 Problems with emotional regulation
 Easily upset and/or difficulty calming
 Difficulty describing emotions and
internal experiences
 Difficulty knowing and describing
internal states
 Problems with communicating needs

10. Domain of Development:
BEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
 Poor impulse control
 Self-destructive behavior
 Aggressive behavior
 Oppositional behavior
 Excessive compliance
 Sleep disturbance
 Eating disorders
 Reenactment of traumatic event/past
 Pathological self-soothing practices

11. Domain of Development:
COGNITION
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
 Difficulty paying attention
 Lack of sustained curiosity
 Problems processing information
 Problems focusing on/completing
tasks
 Difficulty planning and anticipating
consequences
 Learning difficulties, developmental
delays
 Problems with language development

12. Domain of Development:
SELF-CONCEPT
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
 Lack of continuous/predictable sense
of self
 Poor sense of separateness
 Disturbance of body image
 Low self-esteem
 Shame and guilt

16. “The practice of yoga only
requires us to act and to be
attentive in our actions.”
T. K. V. Desikachar

17. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Therapy
 Developed by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D.
 Websites: www.emdr.com
www. emdria.org

18.  Developed by David Grand, Ph.D.
 Website:
www.brainspottinginternational.org

19.  Developed by Lisa Schwarz, M.Ed.
Website: www.comprehensiveresourcemodel.com

20. Biofeedback Therapy
Attachment Regulation Competency (ARC) Model
Equine Assisted Therapy
Somatic Experiencing

21. Becky Russell Counseling
EMDR (Level II) Certified, Brainspotting (Level III), Advanced CRM
www.beckyrussellcounseling.com
Phone: (615) 861-8832
Email: beckyrussell.counselor@yahoo.com
The Sexual Assault Center
www.sacenter.org
Becky Russell, LPC/MHSP – brussell@sacenter.org
Phone: (615) 259-9055 ext. 344
Cameron Clark, LMSW – cclark@sacenter.org
Phone: (615) 259-9055 ext. 310

22.  Cook, A., Blaustein, M., Spinazzola, J., & van der Kolk, B. Eds., (2003). Complex trauma in children
and adolescents: White paper. National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Retrieved July 2005 from
http://www.NCTSN.org/
 Corrigan F, Grand D. Brainspotting: Recruiting the midbrain for accessing and healing sensorimotor
memories of traumatic activation. Med Hypotheses (2013),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2013.03.005
 Emerson, D., & Hopper, E. (2011). Overcoming Trauma through Yoga. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic
Books.
 Emerson, D., Sharma, R., Chaudhry, S., & Turner, J. (2009). Trauma-sensitive yoga: Principles,
practice, and research. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 19, 123-128.
 Emerson, D., & Turner, J. (2009). Toward becoming a trauma-sensitive yoga teacher. Paper presented
at Trauma Sensitive Yoga for Yoga Teachers and Clinicians Training, Stockbridge, MA.
 Farb NAS, Segal ZV, Anderson AK (2013). Mindfulness meditation training alters cortical
representations of interoceptive attention. Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(1), 15-26.
 Grand, David (2013). Brainspotting: The Revolutionary New Therapy for Rapid and Effective Change.
Sounds True. ISBN 978-1-60407-943-2.

23.  Hepburn, Kathy S. Center for ECMHC , Georgetown University. Recognizing and Addressing Trauma
in Infants, Young Children, and Their Families
 Huso, Deborah R., Treating Child Abuse Trauma with EMDR, Social Work Today, vol. 10, No. 2, p. 20.
 Kinniburgh, Blaustein, Spinazzola & van der Kolk, 2005, Psychiatric Annals, pp. 424-430. Attachment,
Self-Regulation & Competency
 Levine, Peter A. (2004) It Won’t Hurt Forever. http://www.traumahealing.com
 Malchiodi, C. (2012, March 6). Trauma-informed expressive arts therapy. Retrieved July 15, 2012, from
Psychology Today: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-healing-arts/201203/trauma-informed-
expressive-arts-therapy
 McGuinness, V. (2001). Integrating play therapy and EMDR with children. EMDRResources.com.

24.  Nordqvist, Joseph. What is Biofeedback Therapy?, Medical News Today. September 11, 2014.
 Phelps, Don. (2012) Therapeutic Use of Expressive Arts With Children. Retrieved from
http://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/exc_020712.shtml
 Schultz PN, Remick-Barlow GA, Robbins L. Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP): a mental health
promotion/intervention modality for children who have experienced intra-family violence.
2007 May;15(3):265-71.
 Schwarz, Lisa. The Comprehensive Resource Model. http://www.comprehensiveresourcemodel.com
 Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and
procedures (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
 van der Kolk B. A., Stone L., West J., Rhodes A., Emerson D., Suvak M., et al. (2014). Yoga as an
adjunctive treatment for PTSD. J. Clin. Psychiatry 75 e559–e565. 10.4088/JCP.13m08561