This document discusses various treatment approaches for trauma in children including Brainspotting, EMDR, trauma-sensitive yoga, the Comprehensive Resource Model, biofeedback therapy, equine therapy, and somatic experiencing. It provides examples of "big T" and "little t" traumas and discusses how trauma can disrupt development in areas of attachment, physical health, affect regulation, behavior control, cognition, and self-concept. Contact information is provided for Becky Russell who is certified in Brainspotting, EMDR and the Comprehensive Resource Model.

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Becky Russell, LPC/MHSP, Brainspotting, CRM, EMDR Certified
Cameron Clark, LMSW, Trauma-Sensitive Yoga
“Overwhelming, uncontrollable experiences that
psychologically impact victims by creating in them
feelings of helplessness, vulnerability, loss of safety
and loss of control”
Beverly James
Treating Traumatized children:
New Insights and Creative Interventions
EXAMPLES OF BIG T
Traumas
Domestic Violence
Accidents (Car, athletic, etc.)
Violence/Crimes (shootings,
robberies, etc.)
Childhood Sexual Abuse
Rape/Sexual Assault
Bullying
Mental Abuse
Emotional Abuse
Spiritual Abuse
War
Abandonment
Witnessing any of the above
EXAMPLES OF Little ‘t’
Traumas
Arguments
Being teased
Being picked last for a team
Death of a pet
Moving
Witnessing any of the above

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Simple: occurs as a result of a single
incident, such as an auto accident or fire.
Complex: occurs as a result of repeated
incidents, such as sexual abuse and
domestic violence.
“Trauma by definition involves speechless
terror: patients often are simply unable to
put what they feel into words and are left
with intense emotions simply without
being able to articulate what’s going on.”
Bessel Van der Kolk 2002

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Domain of Development:
ATTACHMENT
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Difficulty trusting others
Uncertain about the
reliability/predictability of others
Interpersonal difficulty
Social isolation
Difficulty seeking help
Clingy, difficulty with separations
Domain of Development:
PHYSICAL
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Sensorimotor development
problems
Hypersensitivity to physical
contact
Somatization
Increased medical problems
Problems with coordination and
balance
Domain of Development:
AFFECT
REGULATION
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Problems with emotional regulation
Easily upset and/or difficulty calming
Difficulty describing emotions and
internal experiences
Difficulty knowing and describing
internal states
Problems with communicating needs

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Domain of Development:
BEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Poor impulse control
Self-destructive behavior
Aggressive behavior
Oppositional behavior
Excessive compliance
Sleep disturbance
Eating disorders
Reenactment of traumatic event/past
Pathological self-soothing practices
Domain of Development:
COGNITION
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Difficulty paying attention
Lack of sustained curiosity
Problems processing information
Problems focusing on/completing
tasks
Difficulty planning and anticipating
consequences
Learning difficulties, developmental
delays
Problems with language development
Domain of Development:
SELF-CONCEPT
Signs of Disruption/Impairment:
Lack of continuous/predictable sense
of self
Poor sense of separateness
Disturbance of body image
Low self-esteem
Shame and guilt

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“The practice of yoga only
requires us to act and to be
attentive in our actions.”
T. K. V. Desikachar
Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Therapy
Developed by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D.
Websites: www.emdr.com
www. emdria.org
Developed by David Grand, Ph.D.
Website:
www.brainspottinginternational.org

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Developed by Lisa Schwarz, M.Ed.
Website: www.comprehensiveresourcemodel.com
Biofeedback Therapy
Attachment Regulation Competency (ARC) Model
Equine Assisted Therapy
Somatic Experiencing
Becky Russell Counseling
EMDR (Level II) Certified, Brainspotting (Level III), Advanced CRM
www.beckyrussellcounseling.com
Phone: (615) 861-8832
Email: beckyrussell.counselor@yahoo.com
The Sexual Assault Center
www.sacenter.org
Becky Russell, LPC/MHSP – brussell@sacenter.org
Phone: (615) 259-9055 ext. 344
Cameron Clark, LMSW – cclark@sacenter.org
Phone: (615) 259-9055 ext. 310

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