The presentation by Dr. Muo Kasina (Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization - KALRO) and Dr. Dino Martins (Mpala Research Centre) explains the role of pollinators in the context of agricultural production, looks at its relevance (including in economic terms) for Kenyan farmers, and highlights best practices for managing pollinators on farm and at the landscape level. The presentation builds on a Technical Guidance Document on “Mainstreaming ecosystem services and biodiversity in agricultural production and management in East Africa”, published by FAO in 2016, and was given at a national training workshops for stakeholders involved in the revision of the Kenya NBSAP that was held at ICRAF in Nairobi, 25-26 May 2016. More information on the event are available at: www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/417489/ The activities were carried out under the EU-funded project “Capacity building related to Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries – Phase 2” (ACP/MEAs2).

1. Using
ecosystem
services
and
biodiversity
to
enhance
pollina5on
services
in
agricultural
produc5on
in
East
Africa
Presenta(on
by:
Dr.
Muo
Kasina
&
Dr
Dino
Mar5ns
KALRO
&
Mpala
Research
Centre
Presenta(on
at
the:
Workshop
on
Prac-cal
issues
for
considera-on
in
Na-onal
Biodiversity
Strategies
and
Ac-on
Plans
May
25,
2016
Nairobi,
Kenya

2. CONTENTS
1.
Pollina-on
ecosystem
services
in
Kenya
2.
Successful
example(s)
of
enhancing
pollina-on
services
in
agriculture,
from
Kenya
3.
Successful
examples
of
enabling
policy
already
in
place
in
the
country
4.
Examples
of
how
pollina-on
may
have
been/can
be
addressed
in
Na-onal
Biodiversity
Strategies
and
Ac-on
Plans

3. • A
recent
global
analysis
including
findings
in
Kenya
showed
that
by
managing
pollina-on
services,
yields
of
pollinator-­‐dependent
crops
can
be
increased,
on
median,
by
24%;
especially
among
diverse,
smallholder
farms
Pollinators
affect
35
percent
of
the
world’s
crop
produc-on,
increasing
outputs
of
87
of
the
leading
food
crops
worldwide
as
well
as
many
plant-­‐derived
medicines;
one
third
of
every
bite
of
food
is
due
to
pollina5on

4. • Net
benefits
to
farmers
growing
capsicum,
tomatoes,
beans,
cowpea,
sunflower,
green
gram,
Bambara
nut,
squash
buYernut
and
passion
fruit
in
Kenya
could
increase
by
40
percent
when
pollina-on
is
op-mized
(Kasina
et
al.,
2009b).
• Willingness
to
pay
for
pollina-on
is
high
amongst
small
farmers

5.
Pollinator
declines,
if
not
prevented,
are
likely
to
have
nega-ve
consequences
for
the
produc-on
and
costs
of
vitamin-­‐rich
fruit
and
vegetable
crops,
leading
to
increasingly
unbalanced
diets
and
health
problems

6. Successful
example(s)
of
managing
pollina5on
ecosystem
service

7. Successful
examples
of
enabling
policy
already
in
place
Policies
leading
to
enhancing
pollina5on
services
to
agriculture
in
Kenya
1. Open
Research
system,
capable
of
expanding
realm
of
reach
2. Good
agricultural
prac-ces
3. The
10%
forest
cover
rule
4. Pes-cide
registra-on
and
regula-on:
– Labeling
– Toxicity
tests
– Ban
based
on
prac-ces
elsewhere

8. How
pollina5on
ecosystem
services
can
be
addressed
in
Na5onal
Biodiversity
Strategies
and
Ac5on
Plans
• Strategy
on
Awareness:
Pollina-on
a
factor
of
crop
produc-on
• On
farm
conserva-on
of
pollinators
• Strengthen
trade
benefits
• Pollina-on
Management
Plan

9. What do farmers perceive as flower-visiting insects on their
crops?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Bees
Bees
+
beneficials
Bees+pests
Pests
only
Passionfruit
Kerio Valley

10. RESULTS - CUCURBITS
Data from Bogoria & Marigat, Rift Valley
86 % of farmers keep bees near this crop
Yield and pollination are considered an
issue for production
Few farmers aware of wild bees as
pollinators of this crop
0"
5"
10"
15"
20"
25"
30"
35"
40"
Yes" No" Yes" No"
Observed Negative Effects? Avoided Spraying Bees?

11. Pollination management plan

14. Wild bee pollinators
Critical needs:
Wildflowers
Nesting sites

16. Mango pollinators