The document discusses the use of probiotics in preterm infants in the NICU to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). It summarizes findings from several randomized controlled trials involving over 1400 preterm infants that compared administering probiotic supplements to placebo or no treatment. The studies found that probiotics were effective in reducing the risk of severe NEC and lowering mortality rates. Probiotics also decreased the number of days to full enteral feeds. While some safety concerns were noted, no trials reported probiotic-induced sepsis. Questions are raised about best probiotic preparations, dosages, and utilizing practices to promote colonization with maternal flora.