The document details the albumin test, which assesses the presence of albumin protein in urine and can indicate kidney damage, urinary tract infections, or liver disorders. It explains the procedure for collecting and analyzing urine samples, normal reference ranges, and the importance of the test in diagnosing conditions like chronic kidney disease. Additionally, it highlights symptoms requiring testing and outlines nursing care objectives related to albuminuria.

1. Albumin Test

2. Albumin is a large molecule protein found in the blood,
under normal circumstances it does not pass into the urine.
If albumin occurs in the urine it could indicate infection of
the urinary tract, kidney damage as in nephritis and toxemia
in pregnancy. A urine for albumin test is a screening test to
look for the presence of albumin in the urine .An albumin
test cheeks urine for a protein called albumin for urine .
Albumin is normally found in blood and filtered by
kidneys. When the kidneys are working as theslow, there
may be very small amount albumin in the urine .But when
the kidneys are damage ,abnormal amounts of albumin
leaks in the urine. This is called albuminuria.

3. Urine for albumin test:
An albumin test checks throughout the urine for a
protein is call urine for albumin test.
Or
This test looks for a protein called albumin in urine.
The test is used to check for kidney damage or
disease.Albumin is a protein in blood.

4. Albumin :
Albumin is a protein that is present in high
concentration in the blood. Albumin is passed by
urine from the body when large amount of albumin
present in blood.

5. Referenceranges (Normal value):
Serum orplasma Normal value
(gm/dl)
Adult>18 years 3.7-4.7
Age group 0-1 year 2.7-4.8
1-18years 3.1-4.8

6. lead to
Purposes of the albumin test:
* To measure the amount of albumin in the urine
* Used in conjunction with a creatinine test.
*To know an albumin – creatinine ratio.
*To detect the presence of kidney damage that can
kidney failure requiring the patient undergo dialysis.
*Todetermine the level of albumin in the urine.
*To screen for and help diagnose a liver disorder or kidney
diseases
*Sometimes to evaluate nutritional status specially in
hospitalized patients.

7. Indication of albumin test:
1)For patients who are suspected to suffer from infection of
urinary tract infection or kidney disease.
2)For female patients who are suspected to suffer from
toxeamia of pregnancy.
Other symptoms of kidney disease include….
-Swelling the stomach and legs or around
the eyes.
-Shortness of breath.
-Frequent need to urine at the night.
-Itching the skin.

8. Some other test should be done along with this test.
These include…
-Total protein
-Pre-albumin
-Globulins
-Urine protein electrophoresis.

9. Serum protein electrophoresis :
Causes of albumin test if health care provider suspects that
anyone has liver or kidney disease. Symptoms of these
diseases include….
-Jaundice or yellowish skin
-Fatigue
-Weight loss
-Fever
-Vomiting and diarrhea
-Dark urine or gray, pale stools
-Pain below the right ribs, including the stomach
area.
-Tenderness below the right ribs

10. Precaution of albumin test:
To fill up the tube, two third of the test tube
2-3 drops acitic acid in the test tube
Wiring the sun glass to protect eye
To hold the test tube 300 angle
Do not jerk the test tube at the time of heating
Chronic kidney disease
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Jaundice
Liver cirrhosis nephriticsyndromes

11. An albumin urine test can be done on sample of urine
that is collected-
1)At random time this usually after the first time we urinate
in the morning.
2)Over a 24 hours period.
3)Over a specific period of time such as 4 hours or over
night.

12. Urine Collection :
Define Urine:
A watery, typically yellowish fluid stored in the
bladder and discharged through the urethra.
Collection Characteristics of Urine :
Volume
Appearance
Odor
Color
Reaction
Sediment
Specific gravity
: 700-2500 ml excreted in 24hrs
: Clear/Transparent
: Pungent, ammonia smell.
: Straw or amber in color.
: Acidity
: Absent
: 1.010- 1.025

13. Constituents of urine: 96% water, 2% Urea, 2% Uric acid
common renal function test with normal urinary findings
by chemical examination of albumin.

14. Procedure of urine collecting for examination :
A)Equipment
Clean, Wide mouthed container
Bed pan orurinal
Appropriate laboratory form
Laboratory requisition form
Soap and water
Gloves
B)Procedure:
Check the physician order and nursing care plan.
Identify the patient proper hand washing.

15. …
Explain procedure to the patient with specific instructions
about washing the genital area (skin around the urethra
meatus) with soap and water and give the labeled container.
Instruct patient not wet the label on the outside.
Ask the patient to direct the first and last part of the urine
stream into a urinal or toilet and to collect the middle part of
the stream into the special container.
Have the patient place the specimen container in
proper/designated place.
With gloved hand place the specimen container in polythene
bag.
After collecting the urine specimen, starting the procedure of
albumin test.

16. …
After completing the test removes the gloves and wash the
hand.
Record the procedure in the nurse’s notes and other
appropriate forms.
Equipment of urine for albumin test:
-Spirit lamp -Acetic acid
-Match box -Mask
-Test tubewith rack -Kidney tray
-Gloves -Dropper
-Test tube holder

17. e:
Explain about the procedure to the client.
Collect all equipment for albumin test.
Proper hand washing.
Put the gloves.
Collect the urine from the client.
Taking urine two to third (2/3) of the test tube.
Take test tube and fixed in the folder &put the lamp.
Hold thetest tube by holder and heat the upper portion
of the test tube.
Then put 2-3 drops acitic acid into the test tube and then
further heat and then measure of the protein…..
a)Less cloudy –Protein+
b)Moderate cloudy curd like- Protein
2+

18. Cont…..
c) Like white protein of the egg – Protein 3+
d)If cloudy ness disappear after giving acitic -
acid protein less.
Clean all the equipment and kept proper place.
Inform the result to the client.
Hand washing and record the result.

19. Nursing careplan:
Nursing
Diagnosis Goal
Nursing
intervention
Evaluatio
n
1.Fear and
anxiety
about the
test
Reduce
fear
and
anxiety
a)Explain theprocedure
to the patient.
b)Maintain the privacy.
c)Provide mental support.
Gradually
reduced
fear and
anxiety .

20. Cont..
2.Prorein
imbalance
due to
disease
process
Maintain
the
protein
balance
a)Monitor the
serum albumin
level of the
patient.
b)Check the
laboratory values.
c)Administer the
supplementary protein.
Gradually
maintai
n the
protein
balance .

21. Cont..
3.Deficit
knowledge
about
the
disease
Provide
the
knowledg
e about
the
disease
a)Inform the
patient about
which condition
required medical
attention.
b)Advice to provide
nutritionally
adequate diet.
c)Explain about the
fluid requirement.
d)Encourage to
maintain cleanliness
and hygiene.
Gradually
increase
knowledge
about the
disease.

22. Urinalysis or urine testing is used to look for
abnormalities such as an excess amount of protein ,
blood , pus , bacteria or sugar . Aurine test can help
detect a variety of kidney and urinary tract disorders ,
including chronic kidney disease , diabetes , bladder
infection and kidney stones . Atrace of one type of
protein , albumin in urine is an early sign of chronic
kidney disease . Persistent amounts of albumin
and other proteins in the urine indicate kidney
damage . The presence of albumin is also risk factor for
cardiovascularevents ands death .

23. References:
1. National kidney and urologic diseases information
clearing house. Proteinuria accessed17/02/2015.
2. National kidney foundation. Proteinuria accessed
17/02/2015.
3. American Association for clinical chemistry. Lab test
online. Proteinuria accessed17/02/2015.
4. Lerma EVchapter 1.Approach to the patient with
renal disease.
5. Beckman Coulter Synchron a clinical systems
chemistry information manual,2007.
6. Fundamentals of Nursing Alphona Jacob, Vol-1,P-55.