This document provides information about urine analysis including: 1. It lists 12 components that are analyzed in a urine test including volume, color, reaction, specific gravity, albumin, red blood cells, pus cells, casts, pigments, crystals, glucose, and keton bodies. 2. It describes normal ranges and possible indications for abnormal findings for each component such as specific gravity being high in diabetes insipidus and low in renal failure. 3. It explains what certain findings may indicate such as bilirubin in urine signifying obstructive jaundice or urobilinogen signifying hepatocellular jaundice.

1. Urine analysis
Prepared by : Dr. Hemat Elgohary
IBQH – OSHA – IC certified
E-mail : h_2007152002@yahoo.com

2. Urine analysis
1 Volume 8 Casts
2 Color & aspect 9 Pigments
3 Reaction
10 Crystals
4 Specific gravity
11 Glucose
5 Albumin
12 Kenton bodies
6 RBC s
7 Pus cells

3. Volume

4. Volume
1000-1500 cc/day
1500
Diabetes mellitus Sg s Granula
r casts
Diabetes insipidus Sg v
Chronic renal failure Sg 1010 Granular casts
Functional Sg Normal constituents

5. Volume
1000-1500 cc/day
800
Red casts
Nephrotic Sg RBCs
Acute renal failure Sg 1010
Functional Sg
Normal constituents

6. Color & aspect

7. Color & aspect
Pale yellow
watery in Poly urea
Dark yellow In jaundice
turbid In infection
Smoky In nephritic syndrome
red
In haematourea
Milky
In chyluria

8. chyluria
urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving
it a milky appearance.
Appear in :
Filariasis
pregnancy
Mental tension

9. Reaction

10. Reaction
Change of PH may help in treatment of infection
Acidic Alkaline
Oxalate crystals
Phosphate crystal
Uric acid crystals

11. Specific gravity

12. Specific gravity
1015-1025
High 1010
Low fixed
Nephretic DI Acute & chronic
syndrome renal failure
DM Functional
Functional

13. Albumin

14. Albumin
It present in most of kidney diseases
Heavy albumin Nephrotic syndrome
Bence-Jones proteinurea
Multi mveloma &amvloidosis
Cancer
Chronic leukemia
Malignant bone disease

15. RBC s

16. RBC s
0-4 /HPF
Pre-Renal Purpura& coagulation defects
Renal Nephretic syndrom & cancer
Post –Renal Stone , oxalurea , schisto & cancer

17. Pus cells

18. Pus cells
0-4 /HPF
Inflammation
Infection
OK

19. Casts

20. Casts
Granular Renal failure
Red Nephretic syndrome
White Pyelonephritis
Fatty Nephretic syndrome

21. Nephretic Pyelonephritis
syndrome
nonspecific disorder in ascending urinary
which the kidneys are tract infection
damaged, causing them that has reached
to leak large amounts the pelvis of the
of proteins kidney

22. Pigments

23. Pigments
Bilirubin
Bilirubin Urobilinogen
Urobilinogen
Obstructive Hepatocellular
Hemolytic
jaundice jaundice
jaundice

24. Bilirubin Urobilinogen
yellow breakdown colourless product of bilirubin
product of normal heme reduction.
catabolism
 It is formed in the intestines
 . Heme is found in by bacterial action. Some
hemoglobine , a principal urobilinogen is reabsorbed, taken
component of RBCs. up into the circulation and
excreted by the kidney.
Bilirubin is excreted in
bil andurine  This constitutes the normal
"enterohepatic urobilinogen
Ok cycle".

25. Crystals

26. Crystals
Oxalate Urate Acidic urine
Phosphate Alkaline urine

27. Glucose

28. Glucose
(0 - 15 mg/dl)
Abnormal glucose values may indicative of:
 Renal Glycosuria
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Renal glycosuria during pregnancy
 After excessive consumption of carbohydrates

29. Kenton bodies

30. Kenton bodies
negative
Abnormal ketones values may indicative of:
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Insulin overdose
Insufficient food intake
Nausea and vomiting
Starvation
Strict dieting
Severe stress
Severe fever due to infection

32. Wish U good
Health