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 Kidneys (2)
 Ureters (2)
 Urinary bladder
 Urethra
 Control blood volume and composition
Urinary system functions
 Filter blood plasma, eliminate wastes
 Regulate blood volume, pressure
 Regulate fluid osmolarity
 Secrete renin
 Secrete erythropoietin (EPO)
 Regulate PCO2, Acid-Base balance
 Synthesize calcitriol (Vitamin D)
 Detoxify free radicals, drugs
 Gluconeogenesis
 Within the muscular
wall of the back
between T12-L3.
 Renal hilus
 Connective tissue
layers:
 Renal capsule
 Adipose capsule
 Renal fascia
 Renal Cortex
 Renal Medulla
 Renal pyramids
 Renal papillae
 Renal columns
 Renal Pelvis
 With major calyces and
minor calyces
 Renal Corpuscle
 Glomerulus
 Bowman’s capsule
 Renal Tubules
 Proximal convoluted
tubule (PCT)
 Loop of Henle
 Distal convoluted
tubule (DCT)
 Cortical
Nephrons
 Juxtamedullary
nephrons
Overview
 Blood plasma  Urine
 Four steps
 Glomerular filtration
 Tubular reabsorption
 Tubular secretion
 Water conservation
Ureters
 Carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
via peristalsis
 Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle
 Enter bladder from below
 Pressure from full bladder compresses
ureters and prevents backflow
Ureters
 Small diameter
 Easily obstructed or injured by kidney stones
(renal calculi)
Urinary bladder
 Muscular sac
 Wrinkles termed rugae
 Openings of ureters common site for bladder
infection
Urethra
 Conveys urine from body
 Internal urethral sphincter
 Retains urine in bladder
 Smooth muscle, involuntary
 External urethral sphincter
 Provides voluntary control over voiding of urine
Urethra
 3 – 4 cm long in females
 Bound by connective tissue to anterior wall of
vagina
 Urethral orifice exits body between vaginal
orifice and clitoris
Urethra
 ~18 cm long in males
 Prostatic urethra
 ~2.5 cm long, urinary bladder  prostate
 Membranous urethra
 ~0.5 cm, passes through floor of pelvic cavity
 Penile urethra
 ~15 cm long, passes through penis
Urination (micturition)
 ~200 ml of urine held
 Distension initiates desire to void
 Internal sphincter relaxes involuntarily
 Smooth muscle
 External sphincter voluntarily relaxes
 Skeletal muscle
 Poor control in infants
 Bladder muscle contracts
 Urine forces through urethra

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urinary_system_.pptx

  • 1.
  • 2.  Kidneys (2)  Ureters (2)  Urinary bladder  Urethra
  • 3.
  • 4.  Control blood volume and composition Urinary system functions  Filter blood plasma, eliminate wastes  Regulate blood volume, pressure  Regulate fluid osmolarity  Secrete renin  Secrete erythropoietin (EPO)  Regulate PCO2, Acid-Base balance  Synthesize calcitriol (Vitamin D)  Detoxify free radicals, drugs  Gluconeogenesis
  • 5.  Within the muscular wall of the back between T12-L3.  Renal hilus  Connective tissue layers:  Renal capsule  Adipose capsule  Renal fascia
  • 6.  Renal Cortex  Renal Medulla  Renal pyramids  Renal papillae  Renal columns  Renal Pelvis  With major calyces and minor calyces
  • 7.
  • 8.  Renal Corpuscle  Glomerulus  Bowman’s capsule  Renal Tubules  Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)  Loop of Henle  Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 12. Overview  Blood plasma  Urine  Four steps  Glomerular filtration  Tubular reabsorption  Tubular secretion  Water conservation
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Ureters  Carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder via peristalsis  Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle  Enter bladder from below  Pressure from full bladder compresses ureters and prevents backflow
  • 16. Ureters  Small diameter  Easily obstructed or injured by kidney stones (renal calculi)
  • 17. Urinary bladder  Muscular sac  Wrinkles termed rugae  Openings of ureters common site for bladder infection
  • 18. Urethra  Conveys urine from body  Internal urethral sphincter  Retains urine in bladder  Smooth muscle, involuntary  External urethral sphincter  Provides voluntary control over voiding of urine
  • 19. Urethra  3 – 4 cm long in females  Bound by connective tissue to anterior wall of vagina  Urethral orifice exits body between vaginal orifice and clitoris
  • 20.
  • 21. Urethra  ~18 cm long in males  Prostatic urethra  ~2.5 cm long, urinary bladder  prostate  Membranous urethra  ~0.5 cm, passes through floor of pelvic cavity  Penile urethra  ~15 cm long, passes through penis
  • 22.
  • 23. Urination (micturition)  ~200 ml of urine held  Distension initiates desire to void  Internal sphincter relaxes involuntarily  Smooth muscle  External sphincter voluntarily relaxes  Skeletal muscle  Poor control in infants  Bladder muscle contracts  Urine forces through urethra