11. ESRD End Stage Renal Disease Final Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease Complete failure of kidneys to function Kidney function is less than 10% of normal Most common causes are diabetes and high blood pressure Dialysis or Kidney transplantation is only treatment
12. HD Hemodialysis Method for removing waste products Creatinine, urea, and free water from blood Occurs when kidneys are in renal failure Intravenous catheter, AV fistula, or graft give access to circulatory system Dialyzer pumps blood from body and filters Filtered blood is returned to body
13. ESWL Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy Uses sound waves to break a kidney stone into small pieces so it can be easily passed through urinary system Procedure Lie in water-filled cushion Ultrasounds are used to locate precisely the stones High energy sound waves pass through body Process takes about an hour Non-invasive treatment
14. NS Nephrotic Syndrome Damaged kidneys allow protein from blood into urine Fats are also present in urine Primarily caused from damage to basement membrane of glomerulus Controlling blood pressure is key to prevent further kidney damage Also called Nephrosis
![The Urinary System ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)