The document discusses various diseases and disorders of the urinary system. It describes urinary tract infections as being commonly caused by E. coli and symptoms including frequent, painful urination. It also discusses kidney diseases like acute glomerulonephritis which is caused by bacterial or viral infections and can lead to decreased urine output. Finally, it summarizes end-stage renal disease as when the kidneys can no longer remove waste from the blood, requiring dialysis or transplant.

5. remove waste
from the blood
and excrete it in
urine

6. are the
functional unit
of the kidney for
filtering blood to
form urine

7. urine travel
via these to the
urinary
bladder ,
transport urine
from the
bladder

8. stores urine
until it can be
eliminated

9. site of urine
excretion.
transport
urine from
bladder to the
exterior

15. gram negative
bacteria from
intestines often
cause urinary tract
infection
E. coli, Candida
albicans,
Staphylococcus, and
Streptococcus
Candida albicansStaphylococcus
E. coli Streptococcus

16. also called hospital
borne illnesses
E. coli, proteus,
klebsiella,
enterococcus and
pseudomonas.
(Clostridium
difficile)
E. coli Proteus
Klebsiella Enterococcus

19. • Urinary Tract infection • Leptospirosis
• Streptococcal acute
glomerulonephritis

20. -> Bacteria can infect all regions
of the urinary tract
Cause: Escherichia coli (cause
most cases)
Portal entry: Urethra often by
self-inoculation with fecal
bacteria
Signs: Frequent, urgent, painful
urination; urine may be
cloudy with foul odor
Susceptibility: females due to
short urethra that is close to
the anus
Diagnosis: Urinalysis
Treatment: Antimicrobial drugs
Prevention: Prevent
contamination by fecal
microbes

21. is the inflammation of urethra
Causative agent:
Symptoms: dysuria, Feeling the
frequent or urgent need to urinate
• Difficulty starting urination
• Urethritis can also cause itching,
pain, or discomfort when a person
is not urinating.
• Other symptoms of urethritis
include:
• Pain during sex
• Discharge from the urethral
opening or vagina
• In men, blood in the semen or
urine
• Treatment:

22. inflammation of the
Urinary Bladder.
Causative agent: E. coli and
coagules-negative
Staphylococcus
saprophyticus
Symptoms: Dysuria and
Pyuria
Treatment: Antibiotics-type
depends on the etiologic
agent

23. inflammation of the
ureters
Causative agent: Escherichia
coli and Aerobacter aerogenes
1-3
Symptoms: pain in the groin or
thigh.
Treatment: antibiotics

24. inflammation of one or
two kidneys.
Causative agent: E. coli (75%),
klebsiella and some bacteria
from the skin
Symptoms: fever and flank or
back pain.
Treatment: intravenous
antibiotics

25. is primarily a disease of domestic
or wild animals, but it can passed to
human
Cause: Leptospira interrogans
Portal entry: contact with urine or
infected animal or contaminated
water or soil
Signs: myalgia, headache, abdominal
pain, nausea, vomiting , chills, lost
of apetite and fever
Susceptibility: Everyone
Treatment: oral doxycycline or
intravenous penicillin for severe
cases
Diagnosis: based on isolation and
identification by serological tests
Prevention: Rodent control, vaccine for
pets and livestock

26. Usually lasts 5 to 7 days, begins
suddenly with symptoms
including:
• High fever
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Red eyes
• Muscles ache
• Rash
• Chills
• headache
(immune phase) may
follow 1 to 2 weeks later,
with symptoms such as:
• Jaundice
• Kidney failure
• Irregular heartbeat
• Lungs problem
• Meningitis red eyes
First phase Second phase

27. is a progressive kidney disease
that involves the glomeruli, the
individual filtering units of the
kidney that produce urine.
Causative agent: bacterial (most often
streptococcal) and viral infections.
Portal entry:
Signs: Decrease urine output, Rust-
colored urine, Swelling (edema),
general swelling, swelling of the
abdomen, swelling of the face or eyes,
swelling of the feet, ankles, hands ,
Visible blood in the urine
Susceptibility:
Treatment:
Prevention:

29. often called painful bladder
syndrome and also known as
frequent-urgency-dysuria syndrome.
the bladder wall has become
inflamed and irritated
Symptoms: Pain in your pelvis or
between the vagina and anus in
women or between the scrotum
and anus in men (perineum).
• Chronic pelvic pain.
• A persistent, urgent need to
urinate.
• Frequent urination, often of small
amounts, throughout the day and
night. People with severe
interstitial cystitis may urinate as
often as 60 times a day.
• Pain or discomfort while the
bladder fills and relief after
urinating.
• Pain during sexual intercourse.
Treatment: Oral medication and
bladder instillation

30. (male) the prostate become
enlarge through to the growth of
non cancerous cells
Symptoms: Frequent or urgent
need to urinate
• Increased frequency of
urination at night (nocturia)
• Difficulty starting urination
• Weak urine stream or a
stream that stops and starts
• Dribbling at the end of
urination
• Straining while urinating
• Inability to completely empty
the bladder
Treatment: cannot be cured, so
treatment focuses on reducing
your symptoms.

31. Urinary retention and
Urinary incontinence
Urinary retention
-> is the body’s inability to
completely empty the bladder
Urinary incontinence
-> severity ranges from
occasionally leaking urine
when you cough or sneeze to
having an urge to urinate that's
so sudden and strong you don't
get to a toilet in time.
Treatment: behavioral, medical,
and surgical approaches.
Urinary Retention

32. it refer to the solid
deposit that occurs in the
urinary system. It is made
of crystals of calcium
phosphate and uric acid
Symptoms: nausea and
vomiting, frequency,
chills fever and
hematuria
Treatment: increase
fluids to flush out stones,
medication and if needed
lithotripsy

33. inflammation of the
prostate
Symptoms: painful or
difficult urination,
frequent urination and
pain in the lower back
and genital area
Treatment: Antibiotics,
medicines designed,
(finasterid) , surgery
maybe required.

34. (Albuminuria) occurs
when there are abnormal
amount of protein in the
urine.
Symptoms: swelling of the
ankles, hands, tummy or
the face.
Treatment: control both
blood pressure and blood
glucose levels, water
tablets, kidney dialysis or a
kidney transplant

35. when the kidneys are no
longer able to remove waste
materials from your blood or
maintain the necessary
balance of water and
chemicals in your body.
Symptoms: weakness,
shortness of breath, lethargy,
and confusion. Inability to
remove potassium from the
bloodstream may lead to
abnormal heart rhythms and
sudden death.
Treatment: Special kidney
diet, (Dialysis or a Kidney
transplant is necessary.)