Uninterrupted power supplies (UPS) provide clean, steady power to sensitive electronic equipment to protect against power problems from the main supply. There are three main types of UPS - off-line/standby UPS which provide backup during outages, line interactive UPS which condition voltage fluctuations, and true online UPS which provide fully regulated backup power. True online UPS provide the highest level of protection against issues like surges, sags, spikes and noise but are also the most expensive option. The type of UPS chosen depends on the criticality of the load and frequency of power quality issues.

2. Uninterrupted Power Supply

4. Clean Power (Pure Sine Wave) is the most suitable for electric
appliances such as Computer, Server, etc. because clean
power gives only pure electric power without any power
problems.
Unfortunately power from a supply point is not a steady flow of
electricity. There are numerous variations in supply, including
sudden impulses, bursts, dip, power generating factory, natural
disaster and etc. Some of these variations can be highly
destructive to sensitive equipment. Here are power supply
problems

5. P o w e r E v e n t s

6. Cause
Cause by resident or company locates near the electricity
transporting station or electric generating factory.
Effect
Depreciate life span of the electric appliances and sometime
cause the system failure.

7. Cause
Occur when there is an exceed demand of electricity or locate far
from electricity transporting station.
Effect Can cause computer malfunction, damage hardware and
sometime cause the system failure.

8. Cause
Excessive demand of power the grid, lightning storms, ice on
power lines, car accidents, backhoes, earthquakes, etc.
Effect
Loss of current work in RAM or cache, possible loss of hard drive
File Allocation Table (FAT) resulting in total loss of data stored
on drive.

9. Cause
High-powered electrical motors, such as household appliances
in the vicinity. When this equipment is switched off, the extra
voltage is dissipated through the power line.
Effect
Computer and similar sensitive electronic devices are designed
to receive power within a certain voltage range. Anything outside
of expected peak and RAM (considered the "average" voltage)
levels will stress delicate components and cause premature failure.

10. Cause
Typically caused by the start-up power demands of many electrical
Devices (including motors, compressors, etc.), sags are also the
electric utilities' means of coping with extraordinary power
demands. In a procedure known as "Rolling Brownouts", the utility
will systematically lower voltage levels in certain areas for hours or
days at a time. Hot summer day, when air condition requirements
are at their peak, will often prompt rolling brownouts

11. Effect
A sag can "starve" a computer of the power it need to function,
causing frozen keyboards and unexpected system crashed with
the end result being the loss or corruption of data. Sags also
reduce the efficiency and life span of electrical equipment,
particularly motors.

12. Cause
Typically caused by a nearby lighting strike, spikes can also occur
when utility power comes back on line after having been knocked
out in a storm or as the result of a car accident.
Effect
Catastrophic damage to hardware. High voltage impulses can blow
holes in delicate micro-chip traces. Also effect include corrupted
data, printer or terminal errors, and data processing.

13. Cause
Cause by many factors and phenomena, including lighting, load
switching, generators, radio transmitters and equipment.It may be
intermittent or chronic.
Effect
Introduce glitches and error into executable programs and data files

14. Did you know that...
POWER PROBLEMS
are the largest cause of data loss?
Others 6.70
HVAC Failure
Human Error or Sabotage
2.30
3.20
Network Outage 4.50
Earthquake 5.50
Flood & Water Damage 6.70
Hardware or Software Error 8.20
File or Explosion 9.40
Power Failure (include Surge) 45.30
Causes %

15.
TRUE POWER QUALITY PERCEIVED POWER QUALITY
UPS
VOLTAGE
REGAULATOR
SURGE PROTECTIVE
DEVICE (SPD/TVSS)
TRANSIENT NOISE
FILTERS
WIRING
BONDING
GROUNDING
GROUNDING
BONDING
WIRING
SURGE PROTECTIVE
DEVICE (SPD/TVSS)
TRANSIENT NOISE
FILTERS
VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
UPS
REACTIVE
IMPROVED
UPTIME
PROACTIVE
DAMAGE
PREVENTION
POWER QUALITY STRATEGY
21

16. Type of UPS
1. Off-Line or Standby UPS
2. Line Interactive UPS
3. True On-Line UPS

20.
1. OFF LINE / STANDBY UPS.
 Inexpensive.
 Cost effective choice for small and less critical & standalone
application e.g. PC’s, Peripherals.
 Simple & hence reliable.
 Rides out more than 90% of mains outages.
 Overall effectiveness – 55%
22

24. 2. LINE INTERACTIVE UPS
 Highly effective power conditioning and UPS backup.
 Most suited for application areas where power outages are rare but
there are frequent voltage fluctuations.
 Accepts wide range of input voltage variation (+15% to –25% )
 Higher energy efficiency
 Overall effectives – 85%
25

28. Stabilizer

29. 3.ON LINE UPS
 Full featured.
 Provides highest level of Power protection and power conditioning and
backup.
 Zero switchover time during mains outages.
 Completely Regenerated output power and not just conditioning of the
mains power as in Off-line or Line-Interactive UPS.
 Provides frequency regulation (Essential for operation with backup D.G.
sets)
 Overall effectiveness – 100%
28

30. POWER QUALITY PROBLEM OFF LINE LINE-
INTER.
ON LINE
1. Main Outages 90% 95% 100%
2. Over Voltage / Surges 50% 60% 100%
3. Under Voltages / Sags 50% 90% 100%
4. Spikes 80% 95% 100%
5. Noise / RFI 90% 95% 100%
6. Wave form Distortion 0% 0% 100%
7. Frequency Variation 0% 0% 100%
Overall effectiveness 55% 85% 100%
UPS EFFECTIVENESS CHART
30

31.  Load capacity in steady state (kVA)
 Inrush current drawn by the biggest part of the load.
 Battery backup time.
 UPS control, monitoring and communication capabilities.
 UPS configuration and technology
 Diagnostics, (Training) and maintenance aspects.
IMPORTANT UPS SPECIFICATIONS.
31

32. Bypass
Supply
Static Bypass line
Maintenance Bypass
Isolator
Mains
supply
Static Bypass Isolator
RECTIFIER INVERTER
Static
SWITCH
UPS
OUTPUTS
SUPPLY
Input isolator
BATTERY
Battery Isolator
Output
Isolator
SINGLE MODULE UPS SYSTEM
Maintenance Bypass Line
29

33. PARALLEL REDUNDANT UPS WITH
RECTIFIER
STATIC
SWITCH
INVERTER
Mains
Supply
UPS
Output
Supply
BATTERY
1+1 PARALLEL CONTROL
RECTIFIER
STATIC
SWITCH
INVERTER
Mains
Supply
1+1 PARALLEL CONTROL
Common Batt. Panel
Control
Logic
Bypass
Supply
Bypass
Supply
34

34. END OF SESSION