This document provides an overview of the UNIX environment, including: - A brief history of UNIX and how it was developed at Bell Labs in the 1960s-1970s. - An introduction to core UNIX concepts like the shell, commands, and distributions. - Descriptions and examples of common UNIX commands like cat, ls, mkdir, and more. - Sections on shells, UNIX distributions, installing VMware, editors like Vi and Emacs, and references for further reading. - An included "Roadmap" outlines the structure and provides a table of contents for the document topics.

1. UNIX ENVIRONMENT
DESIGNED BY :
MITTINPREET SINGH NAYYAR
VIKAS K PRASAD

2.  Introduction to Unix
 History of Unix
 SHELL
 Distributions
 Installing VMware
 Basic Unix Commands
 Vi and Emacs
 Q&A
 References
Roadmap

3. INTRODUCTION TO UNIX
 A multi-task and multi-user Operating System
 Developed in 1969 at AT&T’s Bell Labs by
 Ken Thompson (Unix)
 Dennis Ritchie (C)
 Peter Neumann suggested their project is given the name UNIX.
 It is a portable operating system that is designed for both efficient
multi-tasking and multi-user functions. Its portability allows it to run on
different hardware platforms. It was written is C and lets user do
processing and control under a shell.
 Unix is case sensitive

4. HISTORY OF UNIX
 The history of UNIX starts from the project MULTICS (Multiplexed
Information and Computing Service) in 1965 conducted by AT&T,GE
& MIT funded by DOD(Dept. of Defense)USA.
 The main aim to develop UNIX was to develop and operating
system that could serve large Community of users and allow them to
share data if needed be. This never to be enterprise called MULTICS
 In 1969, ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie released the first version
of Multiuser System Called UNIX. At that time Unix was not portable.
To remedy this Ken Thompson created a new language “B” but
language lacked some aspects. So in 1973 UNIX was Rewritten in
“C” Language by Ken Thompson. C Language was developed by
Dennis Ritchie.

5. SALIENT FEATURE OF UNIX
 Multiuser Capability
 Multitasking Capability
 Communication
 Security
 Portability

6. What is SHELL
A shell acts as an interface between the user and the system. As a
command interpreter, the shell takes commands that we give interpret
the command and then conveys them to the kernel which ultimate
executes them. You can imagine kernel as a monarch who is the
overall control of everything where as the shell as its emissary

7. TYPES Of SHELLS
 BOURNE SHELL
Steve Bourne Creation, known after him Bourne Shell is the most
popular. It comes with every Unix System
 C SHELL
This shell is a hit with those who are seriously into Unix programming,
created by Bill Joy, it had two advantage over Bourne Shell. It allows aliasing of
commands the other one is history feature.
 KORN SHELL
it is not widely used but is a powerful and superset of Bourne shell,
created by David Korn.
OTHER SHELLS
 ZSHELL
 BASH SHELL

8. SHELL Prompt of Ubuntu
To open the terminal in Ubuntu use can use the shortcut : ctrl + Alt + T

9. DISTRIBUTIONS
 Linux
 Minix
 FreeBSD
 OpenBSD
 NetBSD
 GNU Hurd
 Solaris
 SCO Unix
Conclusion
There are many free Unix like operating systems floating around out there and most if not all of them can
be found quickly with a simple internet search. The OS's I have listed above are, in my opinion, the best.
They are also all available to use for free unlike most of the others.

10. Ubuntu Distribution

11. BASIC COMMANDS
This command returns your username. Sounds useless, but
isn't. You may need to find out who it is who forgot to log
out somewhere, and make sure *you* have logged out.
Example: whoami
whoami

13. Passwd
 to change the password of the user we use passwd command
 Which ever password we create Unix stores it in /etc/passwd
 We can even cat this file on the screen

14. cal - Calender

15. Banner

16. Touch
 With this command we will learn how to create files
 With this we can create many files without storing anything in the
files. The size of the file is ZERO Bytes
Q Why do we use touch ?
A when we want to create several files quickly we use touch
command.
 Example: touch dinesh heena siddhi jatin

18. cat- concatenate
 If we want to store a few lines in a file while creating it we use cat
command. One’s you are through with typing content press the
keys : Ctrl + d . In Unix Ctrl + d indicates the EOF(End of File)
 To display the content of file under DOS we use type command.
 To see content of file we use the following command
 Umask 0022
Example : cat >dheeraj - for creating file
cat < dheeraj or cat dheeraj - will show you the output

20. cp- copy

21. rm - remove

22. Ls-list

23. mv - move or rename

24. Chmod- change mode

25. mkdir – make directory

26. cd – change directory

27. Pwd- print working directory

28. rmdir – remove directory

29. logname

30. uname

31. who

32. tty – tele terminal

33. ulimit

34. sort

35. wc

36. Head

37. tail

38. more

39. less

40. References
 Unix Shell Programming By Yashavant Kanetkar.
 Unix Concept and Application by Sumitabha Das.
 http://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVt3Rst-
2H8&list=PL7B7FA4E693D8E790

41. Q&A SESSION