This document discusses various types of renewable energy sources including geothermal, ocean, tidal, and wave energy. It provides details on the different methods of harnessing energy from these sources, such as hydrothermal systems for geothermal energy, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) cycles, and tidal barrages. It also discusses the potential for these technologies in India and their technical and economic aspects.
Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power. This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.
Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power. This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.
Solar Energy Storage:-
Methods of storage such as sensible, latent heat &
thermochemical storage,selection of method of storage,
properties of storage materials and different arrangements of
storages
Solar Energy Storage:-
Methods of storage such as sensible, latent heat &
thermochemical storage,selection of method of storage,
properties of storage materials and different arrangements of
storages
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, INFO ABOUT GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, HISTORY OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, SOURCES OF G.E., EXPLORATION, POWER PLANTS, DRY STEAM, FLASH STEAM, BINARY ETC., THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF POWER PLANT, COST ESTIMATION, USE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, POTENTIAL SITES IN INDIA, RESEARCH CENTERS, ADVANTAGES, FUTURE SCOPE,EXAMPLE.
Hybrid Photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems more effectively converts solar energy into electrical energy. Two sources of energy are used one of the energy is solar,that converts radiant light into electrical energy and heat energy which will convert heat into electricity.Photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric modules are used to capture and convert the energy into electricity.Furthermore solar-thermoelectric hybrid system is environmental friendly and has no harmful emissions.Solar-thermoelectric hybrid system increases the overall reliability without sacrificing the quality of power generated.In this paper an overview of the previous research and development of technological advancement in the solar-thermoelectric hybrid systems is presented.
OTEC stands for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion. It use a temperature difference (20 -°C) between the upper layer of ocean surface and bottom layer of ocean surface is required to run the turbine to generate an electricity. Ocean covered 70% of earths surface which is abundant form of solar collector and solar storage capacity. Ocean has an abundant form of renewable source of energy which has a potential to fulfill billions of watts of electricity. Now a days, OTEC is required to generate electricity due to sky rocketing price of oil, natural gas and coal. The objective was how to minimize the cost of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plant. Abhishek Kishore | Ameen Uddin Ahmad"Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2314.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2314/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/abhishek-kishore
This power point presentation deals ocean energy conversion technique. This tells how ocean energy convert in to useful energy i.e. in accessible form.
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION BY NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY-GEOTHERMALJournal For Research
Geothermal energy has the potential to provide long-term, secure base-load energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions. Climate change is not expected to have any major impacts on the effectiveness of geothermal energy utilization, but the widespread deployment of geothermal energy could play a meaningful role in mitigating climate change and accessible geothermal energy from the Earth’s interior supplies heat for direct use and to generate electric energy. The paper deals with the use of geothermal resources for the production of electricity next are technologies of change geothermal energy into electrical energy, future of geothermal energy and advantage and disadvantage of geothermal energy
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. syllabus
Resources
Types of wells
Methods of harnessing the energy
Potential in India
Ocean energy
OTEC
Principles utilization
Setting of OTEC plants
Thermodynamic cycles
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2
3. syllabus
Tidal and wave energy
Potential and conversion techniques
Mini hydal power plants and their economics
Direct energy conversion
Need for DEC
Carnot cycle
Limitations
Principles of DEC
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4. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 4
5. Resources
Hydrothermal convective systems
1.Vapour dominated or dry steam fields
2.liquied dominated system or wet
steam fields
3.hot water fields
Geo pressure resources
Petro thermal or Hot dry rocks(HDR)
Magma resources
Volcanoes
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6. Hydro thermal system
Water is heated by contact with the
hot rock
Vapour dominated system
The water is vaporized into the
steam (200 ^o C)
The pressure 7 kg/cm^3
Steam is the most suitable for use
in turbo electric power plants
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7. Liquid dominated system
The hot water circulating and
trapped underground is at
temperature range of 175^0 to
315^0 Celsius
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8. Geopressure systems
These resource occur in large, deep
sedimentary basins
The reservoiers contain moderately
high temperature water under high
pressure
Hot dry rocks (or) Petro thermal
system
These are very hot solid rocks
The temperature range 150 to 290^0
Celsius
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9. Magma resources
Completely molten rock
Temperature range excess of
650^0 Celsius
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10. The molten rock (magma)
Heat is conducted upward
Depth of wells range 600m to
2000m
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11. Types of wells
Production well
Injection well
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13. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 13
14. Utilization of geothermal energy
Heating water
Electricity generation
Air conditioning
Green house heating
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15. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 15
16. Hydrothermal convective region
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MAGMA
SURFACE
PRODUCTION
WELL
INJECTION WELL
SOLID ROCK
18. Hydrothermal convective resources
1.Vapour dominated
or
dry steam fields
2.liquied dominated system
or
wet steam fields
3.hot water fields
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19. Vapour dominated system
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Scheme of a vapour dominated power plant
20. Easily developed
Lowest cost
Least problems
Dry steam from the wells is
collected
Dry steam passed through the
turbine, which drives the electrical
generator
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21. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 21
Vapour dominated system on T.S. diagram
Entropy ---
thermal energy for
conversion into
mechanical work
22. 1.The dry steam from the well 200^0 C
2.Pressure drops through the well causes it to
slightly super heat at the well head
3.The steam after expansion in the turbine
4.Enters the condenser
5.The mixture of the cooling water coming
from the cooling tower and turbine exhaust is
saturated vapour at this point
6.That is pumped to the cooling tower.
7.Disposal
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23. Liquid dominated system-high temperature
1.The flashed steam system
2.The binary cycle system
3.Total flow system
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24. The flashed steam system
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Schematic of a liquid dominated single flash
steam system
25. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 25
26. 1.Water from the underground reservoir reaches
the well head
2.Lower pressure
3.Flash separators
4.Dry saturated steam
5. Saturated brine at 5 later reinjected to the
ground
Brine means water strongly impregnated with
salt.
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27. Double flashed steam system
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28. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 28
32. Limitations of flashed steam system
Requires much larger total mass flow
rates through the well
There is a greater degree of ground
surface subsidence
Greater corrosion of piping ,well
casing, and other conduits
Many times temperature and pressure
of the water may not be sufficient to
produce the flash steam.
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33. Hot dry rock resources or petro thermal
systems
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34. Hot dry rock resources or petro thermal systems
Composed of hot dry rock, no under ground water
Moderate depth
The thermal energy of HDR is extracted by
pumping water or other fluid
More flexibility
Many more studies are needed before
implementation
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35. Geopressured resources
High pressure of water up to 1350
atm.(137MPa) in the deepest layers
Which reservoirs are referred to as
geopressured.
"atm" in relation to pressures that are
relative
to mean atmospheric pressure at sea
level (1.013 bar).
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36. The mega pascal is a x 1000000 multiple of the
pascal unit which is the SI unit for pressure.
1 mega pascal equals 1,000,000 pascals.
Primarily used for higher range
pressure measurement due to its larger value
(e.g. 1 MPa = 10 bar).
Mpa is to describe the pressure ranges and
ratings of hydraulic systems.
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37. Geothermal potential in india
340 known thermal area in india
Each hot or warm springs
113 spring area discovered
46 high temperature type – which
could generate 1838MW
59 intermediate type (90 ^0 c to
150^0 c)
Roughly 10% of total power
production in india
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38. Geothermal potential in india
State capacity
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
PUGA VALLEY 20 MW
KARNATAKA,BENGALORE,HAL 5 KW
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39. Big questions
1.Explain the various geothermal resources
2.Dicuss about various types of hydro thermal systems
3.Explain the vapour dominated system
4.Discuss about the various types of liquid dominated
system
5.Short note the following
a. Geothermal potential in India
b.Geopressured resources
c.Petro thermal systems or HDR systems
d.Limitations of flashed steam system
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41. introduction
The ocean can produce two types
of energy
Thermal energy from the sun's heat,
and mechanical energy from the tides
and waves.
Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's
surface,
Ocean is the world's largest solar
collectors.
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42. Ocean thermal electric conversion(OTEC)
The temperature gradient can be utilized in a
heat engine to generate power, this is called
ocean thermal electric conversion(OTEC)
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43. Methods of Ocean thermal electric power generation
1.Open cycle or Claude cycle
2.Closed cycle or Anderson cycle
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44. 1.Open cycle or Claude cycle
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45. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 45
46. Sea water as the working fluid
Low pressured steam passed through
the turbine
Turbine extracts energy from the steam
Vapour is cooled in the condenser
Cooled water discharged into the ocean
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47. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 47
48. 1.warm water 27^0 c,pressure of 0.03619kg/cm^2
2.25^0 c,pressure 0.03213 kg/cm^2,mixture of water
and steam of very low quality
3.low pressure,high specific volume
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49. 2.Closed cycle or Anderson cycle
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50. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 50
51. Heat exchanger is known as evaporaters
Large volume of water is needed
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52. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 52
53. Big questions
Discuss about the open cycle OTEC system
Explain the anderson OTEC cycle
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54. Potential and conversion techniques
Mini hydal power plants and their economics
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55. Tidal energy
Tide is a periodic rise and fall of the water level of sea
Action of the sun and moon on the water of the earth
Renewable in nature
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56. Principle of tidal power generation
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57. Basic principle of tidal power
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58. Tides are produced mainly by the gravitational
attraction of the moon and the sun on the water
of the solid earth and the oceans
A-High tide point
B-Low tide point
A to B – 6 hours
B to C – 6 hours
The difference between the high and low water
levels is called range of the tide.
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59. 1/7/2020 unit v geothermal energy,ORO551,annauniversity,ECE,psnacet 59
60. Components of tidal power plants
The power house
The dam or barrage or basin
Sluice ways from the basins to the sea and vice
versa
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61. Operation methods of utilization of tidal energy
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62. Operation methods of utilization of tidal energy
Single basin arrangement
Double basin arrangement
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63. Single basin arrangement
Single ebb cycle system
Single tide cycle system
Double cycle system
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66. wave energy -advantages
Naturally concentrated and transported
It is free
Renewable energy source
Wave power devices are in small size
Pollution free
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67. Wave energy-disadvantages
The energy available only in the ocean
Extraction device must be operated in a marine
environment
Complicated structure
More Capital investment
High maintenance cost
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68. Wave conversion devices
Floats
High level reservoir wave machine
The dolphin type wave power machine
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74. Components of a hydroelectric
scheme
Diversion and intake
Desilting chamber
Water conductor system
Forebay /balancing reservoir
Surge tank
Penstock
Power house
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78. Need for DEC
Carnot cycle
Limitations
Principles of DEC
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79. Need for DEC
A direct energy conversion device
converts one form of energy to another
through a single process.
For example, a solar cell is a direct
energy conversion device that converts
optical electromagnetic radiation to
electricity.
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80. Direct energy conversion is a fascinating
topic because it does not fit neatly into a
single discipline.
Energy conversion is fundamental to the
fields of electrical engineering,
It is also fundamental to mechanical
engineering, physics, chemistry, and
other branches of science and
engineering.
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81. PRINCIPLES OF DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESS
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85. Carnot cycle
Sadi Carnot was a French physicist who proposed
an “ideal” cycle for a heat engine in 1824
This would produce the best efficiency since
η = 1 – (QL/QH).
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V
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90. Questions
Discuss about the need for direct energy
conversion devices
Discuss about the various principles of DEC
Explain the Carnot cycle in engines
What are the limitations of Carnot cycle ?
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