This document outlines the layout plan and design considerations for a hospital unit. It discusses the key divisions of a hospital including administration, outpatient care, diagnostic services, inpatient wards, and general services. For each division, it identifies the main components and provides guidance on location and typical space requirements based on hospital size. Zoning principles and types of circulation within the hospital are also covered. Design factors such as flexibility, accessibility, and future expansion are emphasized.

1. UNIT LAYOUT PLAN

2. Important of this topic
•Hospitals are the most complex of building types.
• Each hospital is comprised of a wide range of services
and functional units.
•A functional design can promote skill, economy,
conveniences, and comforts;
•A non-functional design can impede activities of all
types,detract from quality of care, and raise costs to
intolerable levels.

3. Hospital design staff

 Architect, Biomedical Engineer and Doctors
Biomedical engineer and Doctors responsible for:
Function, Proper Location, Utilities & Operating
Conditions of Medical Equipment.
Architect responsible for: studying information given
by the biomedical engineer and considering it for the
final design.

5. Elements and divisions of the
hospital
The main division of the hospitals are:
1. Administration division
2. Outpatients’ division, includes;
• Outpatient clinics.
• Pharmacy.
• Emergency reception.
3. Diagnostic services division, includes;
• Laboratories.
• Radiology (diagnostic).
4. Therapeutic services division, includes;
• Physical Therapy.
• Radiology (therapeutic).

6. 5. Internal medical treatment division, includes;
.
• Operation Theatres
• Intensive Care unit.
• Maternity section.
• Central Sterilization
Department.
6. Inpatient division,includes;
• Patient wards.
• Nurses wards.
• Inpatient services.
7. General service
division, includes;
• Kitchen.
• Laundry.
• Storages.
• Workshops.
• Mechanical services.
• Mortuary.
• Security.
• Parking.
• Landscaping.

8. GENERAL REQUIREMENT
 The following general requirements are to be obtained:
 Environment:
 A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that it is readily
accessible to the community and reasonably free from undue noise, smoke,
dust, foul odor, flood, and shall not be located adjacent to railroads, freight
yards, children's playgrounds, airports, industrial plants, disposal plants.
 Occupancy:
 A building designed for other purpose shall not be converted into a hospital.
 Safety:
 A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a safe
environment for patients, personnel and public.

9.  Security:
 A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the security of person and property
within the facility.
 Parking:
 A hospital and other health facilities shall provide a parking space
 Flexibility :
 Follow modular concepts of space planning and layout as possible.
 Served by modular, easily accessed, and easily modified mechanical and electrical
systems.
 Open-ended design, with well-planned directions for future expansion; for instance
positioning "soft spaces" such as administrative departments, adjacent to "hard
spaces" such as clinical laboratories.
 Accessibility:
 All areas inside and outside the hospital should be designed to be easy to use by the
all kinds of patients with temporary or permanent handicaps.

10. ZONING
 The different areas of a hospital shall be grouped according to zones as follows:
 Outer Zone
 Areas that are immediately accessible to the public: emergency service, outpatient
service, and administrative service.
 They shall be located near the entrance of the hospital.
 Second Zone
 Areas that receive workload from the outer zone: laboratory, pharmacy, and
radiology.
 They shall be located near the outer zone.
 Service Zone
 Areas that provide support to hospital activities: dietary service, housekeeping
service, maintenance and motor pool service, and mortuary.
 They shall be located in areas away from normal traffic.

11. HOSPITAL CIRCULATION
 Hospitals, like the small cities they are likened to, contain main
circulation routes often described as hospital streets. The way, in
which the different parts of the hospital are assembled, as a
coherent whole but with the parts differentiated.
 The following circulations are usually considered in hospitals
design and planning:

 Patient Circulation
 Medical Staff Circulation
 Material Circulation
 Visitors Circulation
 Waste Circulation
 Support Staff circulation

13. Design considerations
“District Hospitals: Guidelines for Development”, World Health
Organization, Geneva, 1992.
Recommendations and studies of large World Bank experts
“Building for Health Care: a Guide for Planners and Architects of
First and Second Level Facilities”, World Bank, 1996.
Recommendations and studies of the American architect and
planner of health care facilities ( E. Todd );“Hospital Design and
Function”, McGraw Hill, New York, 1964.

14. SIGNAGE

15. Floor,Wall,Ceiling

16. 1. Administration
division
 Parts and components of the division:
• Reception hall.
• Waiting area.
• Registration.
• Treasury and Accounts.
• Staff offices.
• General manager office.
• Staff lounge.
• Nursing head office.
• WCs.

17. Location:
• Very close to main entrance of the hospital.
• Entrance area, registration, accounts should face the entrance, while
the manager office should be back for privacy.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 50 bed hospital area = 214 m2
• 100 bed hospital area = 363 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 567 m2
2. World bank estimations (Hopkinson & Kostermans):
• 50 bed hospital area = 199 m2
• 100 bed hospital area = 328 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 409 m2

18. Examples for admin
department
50 bed hospital , total area = 214 m2

19. 100 bed hospital , total area =
363 m2

20. 200 bed hospital , total area =
576 m2

21. 2. Outpatients’ division
 External Outpatient Clinics:
 Parts and components of the division:
• Consultation room.
• Examination room.
• Treatment room.
• Waiting area.
• Staff room.
• WCs.

22. Location:
• Very close to the main entrance of the hospital.
• Close to the diagnostic services (labs and x-ray).
• Close the pharmacy.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 50 bed hospital area = 215 m2
• 100 bed hospital area = 350 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 540 m2
2. World bank estimations (Hopkinson & Kostermans):
• 100 bed hospital area = 345 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 505 m2

23. department
50 bed hospital , total area = 215 m2

24. 100 bed hospital , total area =
305 m2

25. 200 bed hospital , total area =
542 m2

26.  Emergency reception:
 Parts and components of the division:
• Entrance + waiting area.
• Registration.
• Staff room.
• Mini-surgery.
• Test room.
• Medical utilities.
• Mini sterilization room.

27. Location:
• Very close to the exit door of the emergency.
• Very close to the radiology.
• Close to the pharmacy, laboratories, and central sterilization.
• Direct access to the stairs and elevators.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 100 bed hospital area = 100 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 215 m2

28. Examples for Emergency department
100 bed hospital , total area = 100 m2

29. 200 bed hospital , total area =
215 m2

30. 3. Diagnostic services division
 Laboratories:
 Parts and components of the division:
• Work area.
• Waiting area.
• Sample room.
• Cleaning room.
• Staff offices.
The most important labs in the hospital are:
• Chemical lab.
• Bacteriology lab.
• Histology lab.
• Pathology lab.
• Serology lab.
• Hematology lab.
• Microbiology lab.

31.  Location:
• Very close to the emergency department and external clinics.
• Easily accessible from internal division.
• Easily accessible from maternity and surgery departments.
• Accessibility from central storages.
 Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 50 bed hospital area = 25 m2
• 100 bed hospital area = 60 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 103 m2
Or area can be counted by the number of the beds, 0.7-0.8 m2 /
bed.

32. A. 50 bed hospital.
B. 100 bed hospital.
C. 200 bed hospital.

33.  Radiology division:
 Parts and components of the division:
• X-ray rooms.
• Control room.
• Waiting area.
• Staff office.
• Utility room.
• Dark room.
• Film view.
• Store.

34.  Location:
• Very close to the emergency department and external clinics.
• Easily accessible from internal division.
• Ground floor is preferred.
 Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 50-100 bed hospital area = 65-104 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 220-240 m2

35. Examples for radiology department
100 bed hospital , total area = 155m2

36. 200 bed hospital , total area =
175m2

37. 4. Therapeutic services division
 Physical therapy division:
 Parts and components of the division:
• Waiting area.
• Office.
• Hydrotherapy.
• Exercise room.
• WCs.

38.  Location:
• Close to the main entrance of the hospital.
• Easy accessible from external clinics.
• Easy accessible from internal division.
• Must be in the ground floor.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 50-100 bed hospital area = 65-104 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 155-225 m2

39. Examples for physical department
200 bed hospital area = 155 m2

40. 5. Internal medical treatment division
 Operation theatre:
 Parts and components of the division:
• Entrance.
• Storage.
• Preparation room.
• Access area.
• Staff clothes room + WCs.
• Operation theatre.
• Cleanup room.
• Sub sterilizing room.
• Supervision room.
• Staff lockers.

41.  Location:
• Very close to the intensive care division and should be touchable
both of them.
• Very close to the central sterilization division of the hospital.
• Close to the inpatient wards.
• Can be easily accessible from the emergency division.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 50 bed hospital area = 185 m2
• 100 bed hospital area = 360 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 550 m2

42. Examples for operation department
50 bed hospital area = 185 m2

43. 100 bed hospital area = 360
m2

44. 200 bed hospital area = 550
m2

45.  Intensive care unit:
 Parts and components of the division:
• I.C.U space.

46. Location:
• Very close to the recovery room in the operation theatre.
• Can be easily accessible from the emergency division by elevator.
Area of the department:
Must be designed 1-2 % of
hospital beds.

47.  Maternity division:
 Parts and components of the division:
20-40 m2
26 m2
• Open room.
• Operation.
• WCs.
• Utilities. 8 m2
• Office. 15 m2
• Unclean room. 8 m2
• Cleanup room. 5 m2
• Storage. 10 m2
• Waiting area. 10 m2
• Corridors w = 2.2 m

49.  Central sterilization division:
 Parts and components of the division:
• Work space.
• Receiving area.
• Washing area.
• Supplies storage.

50. Location:
• Very close to the operation theatre and maternity division.
• Can be easily accessible from the emergency division, laundry
and central storages.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 100 bed hospital area = 65 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 110 m2
Or 0.6-0.9 m2/bed, 0.6 m2 for large hospitals and 0.9 m2 for small
hospitals.

51. Examples for central sterilization department
100 bed hospital area = 65 m2

52. 200 bed hospital area = 110
m2

53. 6. Inpatient division
 Parts and components of the division:
• Inpatient wards. 11.5m2/bed – 8m2/bed.
• WCs.
• Nursing station. Not less than 12m2 for 30 patients.
• Treatment rooms. 10-15m2 for 60 patients.
• Day rooms. 0.7m2/bed and not less than 15m2
• Nurses’ lounge. Not less than 12m2
• Storage. 8-12m2
• Kitchen. 12m2
• Doctor room. 15m2
The most suitable beds in the hospital is 20-40 patient / unit.

54. A Nightingale ward is a type of hospital ward, which contains one
large room without subdivisions for patient occupancy.
Nightingale wards contain about 24 to 34 beds usually arranged
along the sides of the ward.

58. LABOR ROOM

60. 7. General service division
 Dietary division:
Spaces of the division:
• Storage room.
• Kitchen.
• Preparing and supply area.
• Cleaning.

61. Location:
• In the ground floor.
• Direct opening to the service entrance.
Area of the department:
1. Rosenfield
• 100 bed hospital area = 195 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 355 m2

62. Examples for dietary division
100 bed hospital area = 195 m2

63. 200 bed hospital area = 355
m2

64. Housekeeping division:
Spaces of the division:
• Office.
• Dirty linen.
• Clean linen.
• Storage.
• Laundry.
• Mechanical room.
Location:
• In the ground floor.
• Close to central storages.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
50 bed hospital area = 150 m2
100 bed hospital area = 180 m2
200 bed hospital area = 270 m2

66. General Storages:
Spaces of the division:
• Medicine storage.
• Furniture storage.
• Food storage.
• Utilities storage.
• Achieve.
• General storages.

67. Location:
• In the ground floor.
• Close to housekeeping and dietary division.
• Direct access to the service entrance.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 100 bed hospital area = 260 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 520 m2
Generally the area of the storages
is 2-2.6m2 /bed.

68. Mortuary division:
Location:
• In the ground floor or basement floor.
• Exit from emergency entrance or service entrance.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 50 bed hospital area = 25 m2
• 100 bed hospital area = 45 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 70 m2

70.  Maintenance workshops:
Location:
• In the ground floor or basement floor.
• Direct relation with service entrance.
Area of the department:
1. WHO experts:
• 50 bed hospital area = 65 m2
• 100 bed hospital area = 90 m2

72. Entrances and circulation
Entrances:
• Patient visitors entrance.
• External clinics entrance.
• Emergency entrance.
• Service entrance.
• Mortuary entrance.