This document discusses several key factors to consider when designing a hospital building, including circulation, department placement, and site layout. It addresses the need to separate patient, staff, and service circulation. Departments should be placed strategically near related ones and have appropriate connections. The site layout must accommodate different entry points and parking needs. Internal spaces should have a clear hierarchy and allow for future flexibility.

1. HOSPITALS ARE NOT JUST ORDINARY BUILDINGS IN TERMS OF THEIR DESIGN; THERE ARE SPIRITUAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC DIMENSIONS,
WHICH PLAY AN EFFECTIVE ROLE IN THE APPEARANCE OF THE BUILDING.
2. ACCESS TO THE SITE:
HOSPITAL SHOULD HAVE THE LIMITED AND
FUNCTIONAL ENTRIES TO THE SITE .
THE SITE SHOULD HAVE SEPARATE ENTRIES
FOR PATIENTS AND PUBLIC,SERVICE ENTRY AND
FOR THE STAFF PREFERABLY.
THIS IS DONE TO SAGREGATE THE
CIRCULATION ON THE SITE
1. VARIOUS TYPES OF CIRCULATION
ELEMENTS:
FIRST AND FOREMOST ONE NEEDS TO ADDRESS
IS THE CIRCULATION IE. IN-FLOW AND MOVEMENT
OF PATIENTS, VISITORS, DOCTORS, TECHNICIANS,
NURSING STAFF, BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE
BUILDING
GENERALLY THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF
CIRCULATION ON SITE:
1) PATIENTS AND PUBLIC 2) DOCTORS AND
HOSPITAL STAFF 3) SERVICE PERSONNELS
STUDY OF THESE ELEMENTS ENABLES TO DECIDE
ON THE SITE LAYOUT AND THE NO: OF ENTRIES
AS WELL AS THE SITE LAYOUT, WIDTH OF
INTERNAL ROAD LAYOUT
TYPES OF CIRCULATION INSIDE THE HOSPITAL:
1)OPD PATIENTS 2) EMERGENCY PATIENTS 3) IPD
PATIENTS 4) SURGERY PATIENTS 5) DOCTORS 6)
SUPPORTING STAFF 7) VISITORS. …..Ultimately this is the segregation of
circulation factor that leads to the
formation of various zones
3.PLANNING ASPECT:
THE NATURE OF TREATMENT AND ITS ATTACHED
SERVICES VARY FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF
PATIENTS AND SO IS THE VARIATION OF SPACES.
LOCATION OF SPACES FOR DIFFERENT
DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR INTER-LINKING IS VERY
IMPORTANT; IF IT IS PROPERLY DESIGNED IT CAN
REDUCE UNNECESSARY MOVEMENT. ARCHITECTS
NEED TO ENSURE ADEQUATE TRANSITION SPACE
FOR PUBLIC, STAFF, AND PATIENTS AND DESIGN
THE APPROPRIATE TREATMENT AREAS REQUIRED
BY THE EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES.
THE MOVEMENT CAN BE REDUCED BY CORRECT
PLACEMENT OF VARIOUS ZONES
AND,DEPARTMENTS, THEIR ENTRANCES, LINKAGES
WITH OTHER DEPARTMENT, PLACEMENT OF
VERTICAL CIRCULATION CORE,ARRANGING THE
CORRIDOR SYSTEM THAT IS AS SHORT AS
POSSIBLE
….major sections of hospital
patient flow….……
……support staff flow
doctors flow….……
web
OT
WARDS
OPD
ADMN
DIGNO
EMERGE
NCY
CORRECT VICINITY OF DEPTT
PROPER DESIGN OF INDIVIDUAL DEPTT
EFFICIENT WEB OF SUPPORT AND ENGG SERVICES

2. 4.DESIGN ISSUES FOR VARIOUS
DEPARTMENTS
DEFINING MAJOR CIRCULATION PATHS THROUGH THE PROPOSED AND FUTURE BUILDINGS IS A DESIGN DECISION THAT WILL CONSIDERABLY IMPACT THE FORM AND LAYOUT
OF THE HEALTHCARE FACILITY BEING DESIGNED. DO IT THOUGHTFULLY AND WITH CONCEPTUAL CLARITY.
FOR DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT
SHOULD HAVE A CENTRALIZED LOCATION
SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE
EMERGENCY
SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE IPD AND
OPEATION THEATRES
SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH THE MAIN
WAITING SPACE.
FOR EMEREGENCY
SHOULD HAVE A SEPARATE AND
HIGHLIGHTEDENTRY
SHOULD BE EASILY APPROACHABLE
SHOULD BE SUPPORTED WITH LARGE
WAITING SPACES.
SHOULD HAVE THE DIRECT ACCESS TO THE
AMBULANCE,
SHOULD BE IN THE VICINITY WITH THE IPD
AND DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT.
FOR OPD:
SHOULD HAVE A SEPARATE ENTRY AS IT IS
SUBJECTED TO A DIFFERENT TYPE OF
CIRCULATION.
SHOULD BE PLANNED AWAY FROM THE
STERILE AREAS.
SHOULD BE SUPPORTED WITH LARGE
WAITING SPACES.
FOR OPERATION THEATRE DEPARTMENT AND ICU
SHOULD HAVE A STERILE LOCATION
SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE EMERGENCY
SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE IPD AND
DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT
SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH THE ICU’S AND CSSD
AND SERVICE CORE
SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE BLOOD BANK.
OPD
TREATMENT
PHARMACY
WAITING SPACE
….patients …..Visitors
DIAGNOSTICS
SUB WAITNG
public facilitiesregistration
SEPARATE OT
EMERGENCY
DIAGNOSTICS
BLOOD BANK
WARDS
DIAGNOSTICOPD OT & I.C.U's
WARDS
OPERATION THEATRE
WARDS CSSD
DIAGNOSTIC ICU
BLOOD BANK

3. FOR IPD AND WARDS
SHOULD HAVE A NOISE FREE LOCATION
SHOULD BE PLANNED CONNECTED TO THE
EMERGENCY
SHOULD BE PLANNED CONNECTED TO THE O.T
DEPARTMENT
SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH THE CSSD AND
ANCILARY SERVICE CORE
SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE LAUNDRY,
KITCHEN.
SHOULD HAVE THE NURSE STATION IN THE
VICINITY.
SHOULD HAVE A PRAYER ROOM AND THE VISITORS
WAITING SPACE.
FOR ANCILLARY SERVICES:
CSSD:
IT SHULD BE IN THE CONNECTION WITH THE
WHOLE OF THE DEPARTMENTS ESPECIALLY WITH
THE OT AND THE ICU’s
PREFERABLY LOCATED IN THE BASEMENT
FOR ANCILLARY SERVICES:
DIETRY AND LAUNDRY
IT SHULD BE IN THE CONNECTION WITH THE
WHOLE OF THE DEPARTMENTS ESPECIALLY WITH
THE IPD
PREFERABLY LAUNDRY LOCATED IN THE
BASEMENT AND DIETRY AT GROUND FLOOR
FOR ADMNISTRTIVE SERVICES:
IT SHULD BE SEPARTE FROM THE TREATMENT
ZONES
PREFERABLY LOCATED AWAY FROM THE NOISE OF
THE HOSPITAL, EITHER IN BASEMENT OR ON TOP
FLOORS.
SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH OPD AS IT MAY
CONTAINS THE OFFICES OF VARIOUS DOCTORS
FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES:
IT SHULD BE SEPARTE FROM THE TREATMENT
ZONES
PREFERABLY LOCATED IN BASEMENT AS IT IS
SUBJECTED TO HIGH NOISE AND HEAT.
SHOULD BE SO INSTALLED TO PROVIDE AN
EFFECTIVE MATRIX TO THE HOSPITAL.
SEPARATE SERVICE YARD IS TO BE PROVIDED
PREFERABLY GENERALLY IN THE BACK.
FOR OBSTETRICS
IT SHULD BE HAVING ITS SEPARATE IDENTITY
PREFERABLY LOCATED IN THE ISOLATED SPACE
BUT YET CONNECTED WITH ALL THE SERVICES
……………………….HOSPITALS, LIKE THE SMALL CITIES THEY ARE LIKENED TO, CONTAIN MAIN CIRCULATION ROUTES OFTEN DESCRIBED AS HOSPITAL STREETS.
OBSTETRICS NURSERY
OBSTETRICS NURSING UNIT
OPERATION THEATRE
ICUDIAGNOSTICS CSSD
DIETRY
SURGICAL SUITE
CSSD
SURGICAL SUITEICU
HOUSEKEEPING STORE LAUNDRY
DIETRY
NURSING WARDSICU
HOUSEKEEPING STORE DINING AREA
ADMN
NURSING UNIT
SURGICAL SUITEDIETRYLAUNDRY
DIAGNOSTIC WAITING
……………….that’s how a hospital works

4. …………………………………THE ARCHITECT SHOULD ALSO MAKE AN EFFORT TO BRING NATURE INTO THE PATIENTS’ SURROUNDINGS.AS FAR AS POSSIBLE
OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS:
ORDERLINESS
LIGHTING IS THE IMPORTANT DESIGN ISSUE TO BE
DISCUSSED, GOOD AND NATURAL DAYLIGHTING NOT
ONLY DESUFFOCATE THE ENVIRONMENT BUT ALSO
PREVENTS FATIGUE AND STRESS FOR THE STAFF AND
PATIENTS.
AT THE SAME TIME HARSH LIGHT, WHETHER
SUNLIGHT OR OTHERWISE SHOULD BE AVOIDED
THE DEAPRTMENTS SHOULD BE SUCH PLACED SO
THAT IT HAS A DEFINITE ORDER ABOUT ITS
DEPARTMENTS AND AS WELL AS NON COMPLEX IN
NATURE
HIERARCHY OF SPACES
A PROPER HIERARCHY SHOULD BE MAINTAINED IN
THE HOSPITAL OF PUBLIC AND NON PUBLIC ZONES
PUBLIC ZONES SEMI PUBLIC ZONES PRIVATE ZONES
SCALE OF SPACES BOTH INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL
THE SCALE OF THESPACES SHOULD BE
COMFORTABLE AND SHOULD BE ACCORDING TO
HUMAN SCALE SO THAT HE SHOULD NOT FEEL IN A
DIFFERENT WORLD
THIS FACTOR WILL BE DEPENDENT UPON THE
•CEILING HEIGHT
•MATERIAL USED
•TOO LARGE CORRIDORS
•MASSING OF THE BUILDING
INTERNAL FLEXIBILITY AND FUTURE EXPANSION
THE HOSPITAL SHOULD BE SO DESIGNED THAT IT
SHOULD BE ABLE TO CHANGE WITH THE CHANGE IN
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY.
THE SPACES HAVE TO BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY
THAT IF IN FUTURE SOME INTERNAL MODIFICATION IS TO
BE DONE THEN IT IS ADAPTABLE FOR IT
CREATING LINEAR AND NON LINEAR SPACES:
LIGHTING
THE OVERALL GEOMETRY OF THE SPACE IN THE
HOSPITAL IS DEPENDENT UPON THE NATURE OF HE
FUNCTION WHICH THAT SPACE IS CATERING TO.
AS HOSPITALS ARE HIGHLY FUNCTION ORIENTED
BUILDINGS SO DUE EMPHASIS SHOULD BE GIVEN ON
THAT GEOMETRY WHICH IS NOT HARMING THE
FUNCTION.
SITE LAYOUT PARAMETERS:
1)INTERNAL ROAD LAYOUT
THE INTERNAL ROAD LAYOUT DEPENDS UPON THE
TYPE OF CIRCULATION ON THE SITE AND THEIR
WIDTH IS DETERMINED BY THE NATURE OF
VEHICLES ASSOCIATED WITH THEM.
DOCTORS AND PUBLIC ENTRY IS SUBJECTED TO
NOMINAL WIDTH AS MOSTLY LMV’s ARE
ASSOCIATED WHILE SERVICE ENTRY AND
EMERGENCY ENTRY IS SUBJECTED TO WIDE ROAD
LAYOUT.
service roads should be wide……

5. PARKING:
PARKING IN THE HOSPITALS CAN BE CATEGORIZED
INTO LONG TERM AND SHORT TERM PARKING
FOR THE LONG TERM PARKING THE PARKING CAN
BE PROVIDED IN THE BASEMENTS ALSO.THIS IS
GENERALLY MEANT FOR THE DOCTORS AND STAFF
PARKING
FOR THE SHORT TERM PARKING THE PARKING IS
BASICALLY ON THE GROUND LEVEL AND IS MEANT
FOR THE PATIENT’S VEHICLE
GENRALLY FORCED CIRCULATION IN PARKING AS
EMPHASIS IS OVER TO SAGREGATE THE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF CIRCULATION
ABOUT LANDSCAPING
LANDSCAPING IS ONE OF THE MAJOR
DESIGN ISSUE THESE DAYS.
IT NOT ONLY ENHANCES THE AMBIENCE BUT ALSO
GENERATES THE BETTER MICROCLIMATE
IT ALSO HELPS IN SAGREGATING THE SPACES IN
CONTEXT TO CIRCULATION
THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
DESIGN OF OUTDOOR AREAS, AROUND THE HOSPITAL OR
THE SPACES IN-BETWEEN BUILDINGS ON A CAMPUS.
WHILE THE ARCHITECT USUALLY DOES THE LAYOUTS OF
MOTORABLE ROADS,
THE LANDSCAPE DESIGNER SUGGESTS THE LAYOUT OF
PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS, PAVED OUTDOOR AREAS AND
PLANTATION. HE MAY ALSO SUGGEST WATER BODIES,
FOUNTAINS, STREET FURNITURE AND LIGHTING
CHARACTER OF THE BUILDING:
THE FORM OF BUILDING
THERE ARE BASICALLY 2 TYPES OF FORMS THAT CAN BE
GIVEN TO A HOSPITAL BUILDING
1) VERTICAL HOSPITAL 2)HORIZONTAL HOSPITAL
…...pedestrians to be decided
IN A VERTICALLY STACKED HOSPITAL, ALMOST ALWAYS THE INPATIENT
AREAS ARE PLACED ON THE UPPER FLOORS, TO ALLOW FOR A MORE
PLEASANT, NATURALLY LIT ENVIRONMENT.
THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATION CONCEPTUALIZED FOR THE HOSPITAL
UNDER DESIGN WILL BE CONSIDERABLY IMPACTED BY THE LOCATION
OF THE VERTICAL CIRCULATION CORE.
PROBLEMS OF VERTICAL ORGANIZATION, AND
PARTICULARLY OF A TOWER BLOCK OF WARDS, OF A
LIMITED ENVELOPE WITH NO MEANS OF LATERAL
EXPANSION.
IT ALSO MAKES THE PLAN FORM MORE RIGID
TALL BUILDINGS ARE MORE LIKELY, TO CONSUME
MORE ENERGY, AND HAVE GREATER PROBLEMS OF
EVACUATION IN CASES OF FIRE
THE ADVANTAGE FREQUENTLY CLAIMED FOR TALL
HOSPITALS IS THAT THEY OCCUPY LESS LAND
……………horizontal hospital