Unit ii nursing as a profession

II UNIT
 Nursing as a
profession
- Ms. Mehzbeen Navsariwala
MSN, OBG
SVBCON

• Definition and Characteristics of a profession
• Nursing: -
o Definition , Concepts, Philosophy , objectives
o Characteristics, nature and scope of nursing practice
o Functions of nurse
o Qualities of a nurse
o Categories of nursing personnel
o Nursing as a profession
o History of Nursing in India
•Values : Definition,Types,Values Clarification and
values in professional Nursing: Caring and Advocacy
• Ethics :
o Definition and Ethical Principles
o Code of ethics and professional conduct for nurses

Terminologies
 Philosophy : The study of the fundamental nature of
knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when
considered as an academic discipline.
 Profession: A type of occupation that meets certain
criteria that raise it to a level above that of an
occupation or An occupation that requires extensive
education, special knowledge, skill, and preparation
and training.
 Concept : A general idea derived or inferred from
specific instances or occurrences.

 Aim:
To direct (a weapon) toward an intended target.
Or
To direct toward or intend for a particular goal or group
 Objectives:
Something worked toward or striven for; a goal.
 Charecteristics/Nature:
The fundamental qualities of a person or thing;
identity or essential character
 Scope:
The range of one's perceptions, thoughts, or actions.
Or
Breadth or opportunity to function.

 Values:
A principle, standard, or quality considered
worthwhile or desirable
 Ethics:
A set of principles of right conduct.
Or
A theory or a system of moral values
 Advocacy:
The act of pleading or arguing in favor of
something such as a cause, idea, or
policy; active support.

Profession
 PROFESSION :- A type of occupation that meets certain
criteria that raise it to a level above that of an occupation
or An occupation that requires extensive education,
special knowledge, skill, and preparation and training.
 Professionalism: demonstration of high level of personal,
ethical and high level of skill characteristics of a member
of a profession. Or Refers to professional character, spirit,
or methods. It is a set of attributes, a way of life that
implies responsibility and commitment.
 Professionalization: is the process of becoming
professional. Or it is the process of becoming professional,
that is, of acquiring characteristics considered to be
professional.

Criteria of a profession
1. Specialized education.
2. Body of knowledge.
3. Ongoing research.
4. Code of ethics.
5. Autonomy: is a state of independent and
self directed with out any control from
out side.
6. Service orientation
7. Professional organization.

Characteristics of a profession
I. Professions are occupationally related social
institutions established and maintained as a
means of providing essential services to the
individual and the society.
2. Each profession is concerned with an identified
area of need or function (for example,
maintenance of physical and emotional health,
preservation of rights and freedom, enhancing
the opportunity to learn).

3. The profession collectively, and the professional
individually, possesses a body of knowledge and
a repertoire (range) of behaviors and skills
(professional culture) needed in the practice of
the profession; such knowledge, behavior, and
skills normally are not possessed by the
nonprofessional.
4.Members of the profession are involved in
decision making in the service of the client.
These decisions are made in accordance with
the most valid knowledge available, against a
background of principles and theories, and
within the context of possible impact on
other related conditions or decisions.

5.The profession is based on one or more
undergirding disciplines from which it builds its
own applied knowledge and skills.
6. The profession is organized into one or more
professional associations, which, within broad
limits of social accountability, are granted
autonomy in control of the actual work of the
profession and the conditions that surround it
(admissions, educational standards, examination
and licensing, career line, ethical and performance
standards, professional discipline).
7. The profession has agreed-upon performance
standards for admission to the profession and for
continuance within it.

8. Preparation for and induction into the
profession is provided through a
protracted preparation program, usually in
a professional school on a college or
university campus.
9. There is a high level of public trust and
confidence in the profession and in
individual practitioners, based upon the
profession's demonstrated capacity to
provide service markedly beyond that
which would otherwise be available.

10. Individual practitioners are characterized by a
strong service motivation and lifetime
commitment to competence.
11. Authority to practice in any individual case derives
from the client or the employing organization;
accountability for the competence of professional
practice within the particular case is to the
profession itself.
12. There is relative freedom from direct on-the-job
supervision and from direct public evaluation of
the individual practitioner. The professional
accepts responsibility in the name of his or her
profession and is accountable through his or her
profession to the society.

NURSING
 Nursing is an art & science. It may be defined as
service to the individual which helps him or her to
obtain or maintain a healthy state of mind or body
and the relief of pain & discomfort
- Hemmer & Henderson
Nursing is a unique function of the nurse, i.e to assist
the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those
activities contributing to health or recovery (or to
peaceful death) that he / she would perform unaided if
he / she had the necessary strength, will or knowledge
and to do so in such a way as to help him / her to gain
independence as rapidly as possible
-Virginia Henderson

Historical perspectives and key
concepts of Nursing
• Nightingale (1860): To facilitate “the body’s reparative
processes” by manipulating client’s environment
• Peplau 1952: Nursing is; therapeutic interpersonal
process.
• Henderson 1955: The needs often called Henderson’s 14
basic needs

• Abdellah 1960: The nursing theory developed by
Faye Abdellah et al (1960) emphasizes delivering
nursing care for the whole person to meet the
physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual
needs of the client and family. 21 basic needs.
 Orlando 1962: To Ida Orlando (1960), the client is
an individual; with a need; that, when met,
diminishes distress, increases adequacy, or
enhances well-being.
• Johnson’s Theory 1968: Dorothy Johnson’s theory
of nursing 1968 focuses on how the client adapts to
illness and how actual or potential stress can affect
the ability to adapt. The goal of nursing to reduce
stress so that; the client can move more easily
through recovery.

 Rogers 1970: to maintain and promote
health, prevent illness and care for and
rehabilitate ill and disabled client through
“humanistic science of nursing”
 Orem 1971: This is self-care deficit theory.
Nursing care becomes necessary when client
is unable to fulfil biological, psychological,
developmental, or social needs.
 King 1971: To use communication to help
client re-establish positive adaptation to
environment. Goal attainment.

 Neuman 1972: Stress reduction is goal of
system model of nursing practice.
 Roy 1979: This adaptation model is based on
the physiological, psychological, sociological
and dependence-independence adaptive
modes.
 Watson’s Theory 1979: Watson’s philosophy
of caring 1979 attempts to define the
outcome of nursing activity in regard to the;
humanistic aspects of life.

HISTORY OF NURSING IN INDIA
 Nursing in pre-historic period
 Mysteries of life, birth, disease & death.
 Lives simple life
 Diseases appeared to be associated with magic,
sorcery, breaking a taboos & bodily invasion by
spirit.
 Starving, beating, nauseous medicines were used
 Medicine man to priest physician

 Ancient India
 Sushruta was known as father of surgery in india.
 SanskritVedas or sacred books were used as
literature.
 The Rig-Veda: disease is still regarded as the result
of divine worth.
 In India as in all other countries curative spells and
healing mantras proceed medicines and the first
man of medicine in India was priest.

 Charka : it gives importance to hygiene practices
and food practices.
 King of emperor ashoka : first person o improve
the medical care in india.
 He builds hospitals, focuses on prevention of
diseases
 Maternal care was practiced and nurses were usually
men or old women.

CONCEPTS
 Nursing is caring.
 Nursing is an art.
 Nursing is a science.
 Nursing is client centered.
 Nursing is holistic.
 Nursing is adaptive.
 Nursing is concerned with health promotion,
health maintenance, and health restoration.
 Nursing is a helping profession.

PHILOSOPHY
20/08/2014 22Shri Vinoba Bhave College of Nursing, Silvassa

PHILOSOPHY
 Indian Nursing Council believes that, Health is
a state of well-being that enables a person to
lead a psychologically, socially and
economically productive life. Health is a right
of all the people. Individuals, families and
communities have a responsibility towards
maintaining their health.

 Nursing contributes to the health services in
vital and significant way in the health care
delivery system. It recognizes national
health goals and is committed to
participate in the implementation of
National Health policies and programs. It
aims at identifying health needs of the
people, planning and providing quality care
in collaboration with other health
professionals and community groups.

Scope of nursing practice encompasses provision of
promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative
aspects of care to people across their life span in wide
variety of health care settings. Practice of Nursing is
based upon application of basic concepts and principles
derived from the physical, biological, behavioral sciences,
medicine and nursing.
Nursing is based on values of caring, and aims to help
individuals to attain independence in self-care. It
necessitates development of compassion and
understanding of human behavior among its
practitioners to provide care with respect and dignity and
protect the rights of individuals and groups.

 Provide care
 Promote Health
 Prevent illness
 Rehabilitate client
 Make Client independent

CHARECTERISTICS OF NURSING
 Knowledge
 Personal Qualities
 Caring, Compassionate and Respectful
 Safe Competent Care
 Behaviour
 Communication
 Being Accessible
 Teamwork

Cont . ..
1. Empathy
2. Detail Oriented
3. Communication
4. Intuition
5. Physical Endurance
6. Emotional Stability
7. CriticalThinking
8. Coordinator of Services
9. Patience
10. Dedication

Characteristic / Quality of a
Nurse
 N - Noble
 U - Understanding
 R - Responsible
 S - Sincere
 E - Empathetic

Qualities of a nurse
• A strong sense of responsibility
• A highest standards of integrity.
•Well education,
• Ability to integrate the art and the science of
working with people

Qualities of a Nurse
A nurse must be
• Self Confident
• Humble
• Honest
• Loyal
• Cooperative
• Good listener
• Keen observer
• Good administrator

• Good supervisor
• Impartial
• Capable to manage critical situation
• Critical thinking person
• Volunteer
• Responsible
• Accountable
• Competent
• Advocate
• Counselor
• Communicator

Nurses provide care for three types of
clients: individuals, families, and
communities.
Nursing practice involves four areas:
 Promoting health and wellness
 Preventing illness
 Restoring health and
 Care of the dying.

I. Promoting Health and Wellness
Wellness is a state of well-
being. It means engaging in
attitudes and behavior that
enhance the quality of life and
maximize personal potential.

 Nurses promote wellness in clients who are
both healthy and ill. This may involve
individual and community activities to
enhance healthy lifestyles, such as improving
nutrition and physical fitness, preventing drug
and alcohol misuse, restricting smoking, and
preventing accidents and injury in the home
and workplace & reduce over weight.

II. Preventing Illness
The goal of illness preventing
programs is to maintain optimal
health by preventing disease.
Nursing activities that prevent
illness include immunizations,
prenatal and infant care, and
prevention of sexually transmitted
disease.

III. Restoring Health
 Focuses on the ill client and it
extends from early detection of
disease through helping the
client during the recovery
period .

Eg of NursingActivities Include the
following
 Providing direct care to the ill person, such as administering
medications, baths, and specific procedures and treatments.
 Performing diagnostic and assessment procedures, such as
measuring blood pressure and examining feces for occult blood.
 Consulting with other health care professionals about client
problems.
 Teaching clients about recovery activities, such as exercises that
will accelerate recovery after a stroke.
 Rehabilitating clients to their optimal functional level following
physical or mental illness, injury, or chemical addiction.

IV. Care of the Dying
This area of nursing practice
involves comforting and caring for
people of all ages who are dying. it
includes helping clients live as
comfortably as possible until death
and helping support person cope
with death.

Categories of nursing personnel
HOSPITAL:
 Staff Nurse
 Senior Staff Nurse
 Nursing Superintendent Grade II
 Nursing Superintendent Grade I

Nursing Institutions:
 SisterTutor (School of Nursing)
 Clinical Instructor (College of Nursing)
 Lecturer
 Assistant Professor
 Associate Professor
 Professor
 Vice – Principal
 Principal
 Joint Director of Nursing/ Depty. Director of
Nursing / Assistant Director of Nursing
 Director of Nursing

Categories of nursing
personnel
• Bedside Nurse
• Public Health Nurse / Community Health Nurse
• Industrial / Occupational Health nurse
• Military Nurse
• Private Duty Nurse
• Independent Nurse Practitioner
• Clinical Specialist
• Nurse Midwife
• Nurse anesthetist
• Nurse educator
• Nurse researcher
• Nurse administrator
• Nurse entrepreneur

Types of Nursing
Educational Programs
 Diploma programs (DGNM)
 Under Graduate Program (B.Sc.(N) &
P.B.B.Sc.(N))
 Post graduate Programme (M.Sc.(N)), M.Phil
(N)
 Doctoral Programs (Ph.D(N))
 Certificate Programme

Roles and Functions of the
Nurse

Function of the nurse
• Caring for individuals, sick or well
• Assess the responses to health status.
• Assist individuals in the performance of activities
contributing to health or recovery.
• Share with other health team the planning,
implementation and evaluation to ensure the
adequacy of the health system for promoting health,
preventing illness, and caring for ill and disabled

The professional roles of the
nurse
 Teacher and trainer for student in nursing
sciences both theoretically and practically
 A researcher as well as assisting in research
 Expert and consultant in nursing for national
and international issues

 Caregiver encompasses the physical,
psychosocial, developmental, cultural,
and spiritual levels. The nursing
process provides nurses with a
framework for providing care. A nurse
may provide care directly or delegate
it to other caregivers.

Communicator
 Communication is integral to all
nursing roles. Nurses
communicate with the client,
support persons, other health
professionals, and people in the
community.

Teacher
As a teacher, the nurse helps
clients learn about their health
and the health care procedures
they need to perform to restore
or maintain their health.

Client advocate
 A client advocate acts to protect the
client. In this role the nurse may represent
the client's needs and wishes to other health
professionals, such as relaying the client's
wishes for information to the physician.
They also assist clients in exercising their
rights and help them speak up for
themselves.

Counselor
 Counseling is the process of helping a
client to recognize and cope with
stressful psychological or social
problems, to develop improved
interpersonal relationships, and to
promote personal growth. It involves
providing emotional, intellectual, and
psychological support.

Change agent
 The nurse acts as a change agent when
assisting others, that is, clients, to make
modifications in their own behavior.
Nurses also often act to make changes in a
system, such as clinical care, if it is not
helping a client return to health. Nurses
are continually dealing with change in the
health care system.

Leader
 A leader influences others to work
together to accomplish a specific
goal. The leader role can be
employed at different levels:
individual client, family, groups of
clients, colleagues, or the
community.

Manager
 The nurse manages the nursing care
of individuals, families, and
communities. The nurse manager
also delegates nursing activities to
other nurses, and supervises and
evaluates their performance.

 Managing requires knowledge
about organizational structure and
dynamics, authority and
accountability, leadership,
delegation and supervision and
evaluation.

Case manager
 Nurse case managers work with the
multidisciplinary health care team to
measure the effectiveness of the case
management plan and to monitor
outcomes. Each agency or unit
specifies the role of the nurse case
manager.

Research consumer
Nurses often use research to improve client care. In a
clinical area, nurses need to:
 Be aware of the process and language of research.
 Be sensitive to rights of human subjects.
 Identification of significant researchable problems.
 Be a discriminating consumer of research findings.

Extended & Expanded career roles
Such as those of nurse practitioner,
clinical nurse specialist, nurse
midwife, nurse educator, nurse
researcher, and nurse anesthetist,
all of which allow greater
independence and autonomy.

Cont .. . .
 Nurse Practitioner (Adult Nurse Practitioner,
Family Nurse Practitioner, School Nurse
Practitioner, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner,
Gerontology Nurse Practitioner)
 Clinical Nurse specialist (Gerontology, oncology)
 Nurse anesthetist
 Nurse Midwife
 Nurse Researcher
 Nurse administrator
 Nurse educator
 Nurse entrepreneur (Health related business)

 A value is a personal belief about the
worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or
object that sets standards that influence
behavior.
 Values are enduring beliefs or attitudes
about the worth of a person, object, idea,
or action.

Value Formation
 Development of values begins in childhood,
shaped by experiences within the family unit.
 Variations in child rearing result in variations in
values and behaviors as children grow.
 The fundamental urge to love and nurture
children takes on different expressions within
each of the wide variety of cultures in our
world.

 Schools, governments, religious traditions,
and other social institutions play a role in the
formation of values, reinforcing or sometimes
challenging family values.
 Over time an individual acquires values by
choosing some that the community holds
strongly and perhaps discarding or
transforming others.

Belief
 Beliefs and attitudes are related, but not
identical, to values. People have many different
beliefs and attitudes, but only a small number of
values.
 Beliefs (or opinions) are interpretations or
conclusions that people accept as true. They are
based more on faith than fact. Beliefs do not
necessarily involve values.

 For example, the statement “If I study hard
I will get a good grade” expresses a belief
that does not involve a value. By contrast,
the statement “Good grades are really
important to me. I must study hard to
obtain good grades” involves both a value
and a belief.

Attitudes
 Attitudes are mental positions or feelings
toward a person, object, or idea (e.g.,
acceptance, compassion, openness).
Typically, an attitude lasts over time,
whereas a belief may last only briefly.
Attitudes are often judged as bad or good,
positive or negative, whereas beliefs are
judged as correct or incorrect. Attitudes
have thinking and behavioral aspects.

Types
1. Personal Values Although people derive
values from society and their individual
subgroups, they internalize some or all of
these values as personal values. People
need societal values to feel accepted, and
they need personal values to have a sense of
individuality.

2. Professional Values Nurses’ professional
values are acquired during socialization into
nursing from codes of ethics, nursing
experiences, teachers, and peers. The
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
(AACN, 2008) identified five values essential
for the professional nurse: altruism,
autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and
social justice .

Values Transmission
 Values are learned through observation and
experience. As a result,
they are heavily influenced by a person’s
sociocultural environment—that is, by societal
traditions; by cultural, ethnic, and religious
groups; and by family and peer groups.

Values Clarification
Values clarification is a process by which
people identify, examine, and develop their
own individual values. A principle of values
clarification is that no one set of values is
right for everyone.

Essential Nursing Values
 Altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-
being of others. In professional practice, altruism is
reflected by the nurse’s concern for the welfare of
patients, other nurses, and other health care
providers.
 Autonomy is the right to self-determination.
Professional practice reflects autonomy when the
nurse respects patients’ rights to make decisions
about their health care.

 Human dignity is respect for the inherent worth
and uniqueness of individuals and populations. In
professional practice, human dignity is reflected
when the nurse
values and respects all patients and colleagues.
 Integrity is acting in accordance with an
appropriate code of ethics and accepted
standards of practice. Integrity is reflected in
professional practice when the nurse is honest
and provides care based on an ethical framework
that is accepted within the profession.


 Social justice is acting in accordance with
fair treatment regardless of economic
status, race, ethnicity, age,citizenship,
disability, or sexual orientation.

Values Clarification
 Choosing (cognitive) Beliefs are chosen
■ Freely, without outside pressure
■ From among alternatives
■ After reflecting and considering consequences
Example: A person learns about energy
resources, production, and consumption; the
greenhouse effect; and other environmental
issues, including ways to minimize use
of and to recycle limited resources.


 Prizing (affective) Chosen beliefs are
prized and cherished
Example:The person is proud of the
belief that he or she has an obligation to
participate in some way in reducing
environmental waste.

 Acting (behavioral) Chosen beliefs are
■ Affirmed to others
■ Incorporated into one’s behavior
■ Repeated consistently in one’s life
Example:The person participates in the
city recycling program for household waste,
uses public transportation rather than
driving a personal car when possible, helps
organize recycling in the workplace, and is
active in legislative and political activities
related to environmental issues.

ETHICS
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ETHICS IN NURSING
8/16/2012Mata Sahib Kaur College of Nursing, Mohali, Punjab 80
Meaning of ethics
 Ethics are norms for conduct that distinguish
between or acceptable and unacceptable
behavior.
 Another way of defining 'ethics' focuses on
the disciplines that study standards of
conduct, such as philosophy, theology, law,
psychology, or sociology.

Definition
 Ethics is the study of conduct and character.
It is concerned with determining what is
good or valuable for individuals, for groups of
individuals, and for society at large.

Cont . . .
There are three primary ethical principles in
human subjects research.They are
 Autonomy – respect for human dignity
 Beneficence –above all do no harm
 Justice - equality in distribution
 Fidelity - act honestly; keep promises
 Nonmaleficence - Avoid causing harm

Autonomy
 Right to self determination –voluntary
decision
 Right to full disclosure – nature of the study,
risk and benefit
 Right to refuse participation

Beneficence
 Freedom from harm
 Freedom from exploitation
 Benefits of research
 Risk/benefit ratio

Justice
 Right to fair treatment
 Fair and non-discriminatory selection of subjects.
 Non-prejudiced treatment of individuals declining
to participate.
 Honoring all agreements
 Subjects access to researcher at any point to
clarify doubts
 Subjects access to appropriate professional
assistance in case of damage.
 Debriefing
 Respectful and courteous treatment

Cont ….
 Respect for privacy
 Not more intrusive than it ought to be.
 Subjects privacy is maintained
 Confidentiality maintained
 Obtain identifying details only if necessary
 Assign ID no. to each subject
 Maintain identifying details in a locked file
 Restrict access to identifying data
 Destroy identifying data as quickly as possible.
 Report research finding in aggregate

Cont. . .
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 Informed consent
 Subject status
 Study purpose
 Type of data collected
 Nature of commitment – duration etc.
 Sponsorship
 Subject selection
 Procedure
 Potential risk and cost
 Potential benefit
 Confidentiality pledge
 Voluntary consent
 Right to withdraw & withhold information
 Alternatives available
 Contact information

Nonmaleficence
 Maleficence refers to harm or hurt; thus
nonmaleficence is the avoidance of harm or
hurt. In health care, ethical practice involves not
only the will to do good, but the equal
commitment to do no harm. The health care
professional tries to balance the risks and
benefits of care while striving at the same time
to do the least harm possible

Fidelity
 Fidelity refers to the agreement to keep promises.
As a nurse you keep promises by following through
on your actions and interventions. If you assess a
patient for pain and offer a plan to manage the pain,
the standard of fidelity encourages you to monitor
the patient’s response to the plan. Professional
behavior includes revision of the plan as necessary
to try to keep the promise to reduce
pain. Fidelity also refers to the unwillingness to
abandon patients even when care becomes
controversial or complex.

CODE OF ETHICS
Code - “A code may be defined as conventionalized set of rules or
expectations devised for a specific purpose.”
Ethics: Word ethics is derived from the word “Ethos”. It is a Greek word and
meaning of this word is customs, character or conduct. Ethics is the branch
of philosophy that examines the difference between right and wrong
“A specific set of professional behaviors and values the professional
interpreter must know and must abide by, including confidentiality,
accuracy, privacy & integrity.”
An ethical code is adopted by an organization in an attempt to assist those in
the organization called upon to make a decision (usually most, if not all)
understand the difference between right and wrong and to apply this
understanding to their decision.

 A code of ethics is a set of guiding principles
that all members of a profession accept. It is a
collective statement about the group’s
expectations and standards of behavior.
Codes serve as guidelines to assist
professional groups when questions arise
about correct practice or behavior.

Basic principles of code of
ethics
 Responsibility: (Responsibility refers to a willingness to
respect one’s professional obligations and follow
through on promises. )
 Accountability (Accountability refers to the ability to
answer for one’s actions.)
 Advocacy: (Advocacy refers to the support of a
particular cause. As a nurse she / he should advocate for
the health, safety, and rights of patients, including their
right to privacy.)
 Confidentiality : (Maintaining secret)

INC CODE OF ETHICS FOR NURSES IN INDIA
1) The nurse respects the uniqueness of individual in provision of care:
• 1.1 Provides care for individuals without consideration of caste, creed, religion,
culture, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic and political status, personal
attributes, or any other grounds
• 1.2 Individualizes the care considering the care considering the beliefs, values
and cultural sensitivities.
• 1.3 Appreciates the place of the individual in family and community and
facilitates participation of significant others in the care.
• 1.4 Develops and promotes trustful relationship with individual(s).
• 1.5 Recognizes uniqueness of response of individuals to interventions and
adapts accordingly.

Cont . . .
2) The nurse respects the rights of individuals as partner in care and
helps in making informed choices
• 2.1 Appreciates individual’s right to make decisions about their care
and therefore gives adequate and accurate information for enabling
them to make informed choices.
• 2.2 Respects the decisions made by individual (s) regarding their
care.
• 2.3 Protects public from misinformation and misinterpretations.
• 2.4 Advocates special provisions to protect vulnerable
individuals/groups.

Cont . . .
3) The nurse respects individual’s right to privacy,
maintains confidentiality, and shares information
judiciously
• 3.1 Respects the individual’s right to privacy of
their personal information.
• 3.2 Maintains confidentiality of privileged
information except in life threatening situations
and uses discretion in sharing information.

Cont . . .
4) Nurse maintains competence in order to render Quality Nursing Care
• 4.1 Nursing care must be provided only by registered nurse
• 4.2 Nurse strives to maintain quality nursing care and upholds the standards
of care.
• 4.3 Nurse values continuing education, initiates and utilizes all opportunities
for
• 4.4 Nurse values research as a means of development of nursing profession
and participates in nursing research adhering to ethical principles.
5) The nurse is obliged to practice within the framework of ethical,
professional and legal boundaries
• 5.1 Adheres to code of ethics and code of professional conduct for nurses in
India developed by Indian Nursing council.
• 5.2 Familiarizes with relevant laws and practices in accordance with the law
of the state.

Cont . . .
6) Nurse is obliged to work harmoniously with the
members of the health team.
• 6.1 Appreciates the team efforts in rendering care.
• 6.2 Cooperates, coordinates and collaborates with the
members of the health team to meet the needs of the
people.
7) Nurse commits to reciprocate the trust invested in
nursing profession by society
• 7.1 Demonstrates personal etiquettes in all dealings.
• 7.2 Demonstrates professional attributes in all dealings.

INC CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT FOR NURSES IN INDIA
1. Professional Responsibility and accountability
• 1.1 Appreciates sense of self-worth and nurtures it.
• 1.2 Maintains standards of personal conduct reflecting credit
upon the profession.
• 1.3 Carries out responsibilities within the framework of the
professional boundaries.
• 1.4 Is accountable for maintaining practice standards set by
Indian Nursing Council
• 1.5 Is accountable for own decisions and actions
• 1.6 Is compassionate
• 1.7 Is responsible for continuous improvement of current
practices
• 1.8 Provides adequate information to individuals that allows
them informed choices
• 1.9 Practices healthful behavior

Cont . . .
2. Nursing Practice
• 2.1 Provides care in accordance with set standards of practice
• 2.2 Treats all individuals and families with human dignity in providing
physical, psychological, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of
care
• 2.3 Respects individual and families in the context of traditional and
cultural practices and discouraging harmful practices
• 2.4 Presents realistic picture truthfully in all situations for facilitating
autonomous decision-making by individuals and families
• 2.5 Promotes participation of individuals and significant others in the
care
• 2.6 Ensures safe practice
• 2.7 Consults, coordinates, collaborates and follows up appropriately
when individuals’ care needs exceed the nurse’s competence.

Cont . . .
3. Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
• 3.1 Establishes and maintains effective interpersonal relationship with
individuals, families and communities
• 3.2 Upholds the dignity of team members and maintains effective interpersonal
relationship with them
• 3.3 Appreciates and nurtures professional role of team members
• 3.4 Cooperates with other health professionals to meet the needs of the
individuals, families and communities
4. Valuing Human Being
• 4.1 Takes appropriate action to protect individuals from harmful unethical
practice
• 4.2 Consider relevant facts while taking conscience decisions in the best interest
of individuals
• 4.3 Encourage and support individuals in their right to speak for themselves on
issues affecting their health and welfare

Cont . . .
5. Management
• 5.1 Ensures appropriate allocation and utilization of available resources
• 5.2 Participates in supervision and education of students and other formal care providers
• 5.3 Uses judgment in relation to individual competence while accepting and delegating
responsibility
• 5.4 Facilitates conducive work culture in order to achieve institutional objectives
• 5.5 Communicates effectively following appropriate channels of communication
• 5.6 Participates in performance appraisal
• 5.7 Participates in evaluation of nursing services
• 5.8 Participates in policy decisions, following the principle of equity and accessibility of
services
• 5.9 Works with individuals to identify their needs and sensitizes policy makers and
funding agencies for resource allocation

Cont . . .
6. Professional Advancement
• 6.1 Ensures the protection of the human rights while pursuing the
advancement of knowledge
• 6.2 Contributes to the development
• 6.3 Participates in determining and implementing quality care
• 6.4 Takes responsibility for updating own knowledge and
competencies
• 6.5 Contributes to the core of professional knowledge by
conducting and participating in research

Unit ii nursing as a profession

Unit ii nursing as a profession

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