Appraise the component of various nursing theories; description, purpose, concepts, definition.
Discuss the application of nursing theories in nursing practice.
Appraise the component of various nursing theories; description, purpose, concepts, definition.
Discuss the application of nursing theories in nursing practice.
gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
There are various theories proposed by nursing theorist. among those, Orem is one who gave self care deficit theory. She proposed three interrelated concepts viz. theory of self care, theory of self care deficit , and theory of nursing system.
Theorist : Dorothea Orem (1914-2007).
She worked as a staff nurse, private duty nurse, nurse educator and administrator and nurse consultant.
Kufa University - College of Nursing
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
There are various theories proposed by nursing theorist. among those, Orem is one who gave self care deficit theory. She proposed three interrelated concepts viz. theory of self care, theory of self care deficit , and theory of nursing system.
Theorist : Dorothea Orem (1914-2007).
She worked as a staff nurse, private duty nurse, nurse educator and administrator and nurse consultant.
Kufa University - College of Nursing
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing the lecture, student will be able to:
1. Define nursing ‘theory’ and ‘model’.
2. State the purpose of using nursing theory in nursing practice.
3. Identify three key components to a nursing model.
4. Discuss the different viewed of nursing model on the four major
concepts in nursing theory
3. Definition of Model and Theory
Model
• The term ‘nursing model’ has been defined as
“a symbolic representation of empirical experience in
words, pictorial or graphic diagrams, mathematical
notations, or physical material [and] a form of
knowledge within the empirical pattern”
(Chinn & Kramer 2004: 264)
4. Definition of Model and Theory
Model
• describe nursing phenomena and assumptions in abstract and logical ways.
• can be presented and organized into nursing language, words, pictures,
diagrams, drawings or logical structures to help understand what was
observed in practice.
• Use model as a tools in research for developing a theory
5. Definition of Model and Theory
Theory
• The term ‘nursing model’ has been defined as
“‘a creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that project a tentative,
purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena”
(Chinn & Kramer 2004: 219)
6. Definition of Model and Theory
Theory
• Nursing theory is constructed out of specific nursing phenomena represented
as concepts, definitions, assumptions and propositions that help describe,
explain or predict how nursing may support and help patients, families or
society.
• Theory is a body of knowledge of nursing, and provides answers to questions
that are of interest to nursing.
• Use specific language, ideas or sometimes symbols to give answers to
practice based nursing problems.
7. Purpose of Nursing Theory
1. Directs nurses toward common goal.
2. Leads to improved patient care.
3. Provides rational and knowledgeable reasons for
nursing actions.
4. Gives nurses knowledge base necessary for
appropriate actions.
8. Purpose of Nursing Theory
5. Helps resolve current nursing issues.
6. Prepares nurses to question assumptions and values.
7. Serves research, education, and practice.
9. Nursing Theories
1. Florence Nightingale: The Environmental Theory
2. Virginia Henderson: The Definition of Nursing
3. Dorothea Orem: General Theory of Nursing
4. Jean Watson: Human Caring Theory
5. Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Care Theory and
Ethnonursing
10. Nursing Theories
6. Callista Roy: Adaptation Theory
7. Hildegard Peplau: Interpersonal Relations Theory
8. Imogene King: Goal Attainment Theory
9. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse: Human Becoming Theory
11. Florence Nightingale: The
Environmental Theory
1. Often considered the first nurse theorist.
2. She linked health with five environmental factors :
• Pure or fresh air
• Pure water
• Efficient drainage
• Cleanliness
• Light, especially direct sunlight
3. Deficiencies in these five factors produced
lack of health or illness but with a nurturing environment,
the body could repair itself
12. Florence Nightingale: The
Environmental Theory
4. Considered a clean, well-ventilated, quiet environment
essential for recovery.
5. Nightingale set the stage for further work in the
development of nursing theories.
6. Her general concepts about ventilation, cleanliness,
quiet, warmth and diet remain integral parts of
nursing and health care today.
13. Defined Nursing: “The act of
utilizing the environment of
the patient to assist him in
his recovery.”
14.
15. Virginia Henderson: The Definition
of Nursing a Unique Function
1. Defined Nursing: “Assisting
the individual, sick or well, in
the performance of those
activities contributing to
health or it’s recovery (or to
peaceful death) that an
individual would perform
unaided if he had the
necessary strength, will or
knowledge”.
16. Virginia Henderson: The Definition
of Nursing a Unique Function
2. Henderson (1996) conceptualizes the nurse’s role as
assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain
independence in meeting 14 Fundamental needs.
17.
18. 14 Fundamental Needs of Human
1. Breathe normally
2. Eat and drink adequately
3. Eliminate body wastes
4. Move and maintain desirable postures
5. Sleep and rest
6. Select suitable clothes—dress and undress
7. Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the
environment
8. Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument
9. Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others
10. Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions
11. Worship according to one’s faith
12. Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment
13. Play or participate in various forms of recreation
14. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and
use the available health facilities.
19. Dorothea Orem: General Theory of
Nursing
1. Focuses on activities that adult
individuals perform on their own
behalf to maintain life, health and
well-being.
2. Has a strong health promotion
and maintenance focus.
20. Dorothea Orem: General Theory of
Nursing
3. Dorothea Orem’s theory (published in 1971) includes three
related concepts:
i. Self-care - activities an Individual performs
independently throughout life to promote and maintain
personal well-being.
ii. Self-care deficit - results when self-care agency
(Individual’s ability) is not adequate to meet the known
self-care needs.
iii. Nursing systems - nursing interventions needed when
Individual is unable to perform the necessary self-care
activities:-
21. Dorothea Orem: General Theory of
Nursing
i. Wholly compensatory – nurse provides entire self-care for the
client. Example: care of a new born, care of client recovering from
surgery in a post-anesthesia care unit
ii. Partial compensatory – nurse and client perform care, client can
perform selected self-care activities, but also accepts care done by the
nurse for needs the client cannot meet independently. Example:
Nurse can assist post operative client to ambulate, Nurse can bring a
meal tray for client who can feed himself
iii. Supportive-educative – nurse’s actions are to help the client
develop/learn their own self-care abilities through knowledge,
support and encouragement. Example: Nurse guides a mother how to
breastfeed her baby, Counseling a psychiatric client on more adaptive
coping strategies.
22. Jean Watson: Human Caring
Theory
1. Jean Watson (2005) believes the practice of caring is
central to nursing.
2. She has wrote 11 major assumption about caring.
3. Human caring in nursing is not just an emotion,
concern, attitude, or benevolent desire. Caring
connotes a personal response.
4. Caring is an intersubjective human process and is the
moral ideal of nursing.
23. Jean Watson: Human Caring
Theory
5. Caring can be effectively demonstrated only
interpersonally
6. Effective caring promotes health and individual or
family growth.
25. NURSING CONCEPT
• Definition of Nurse - originated from the Latin word
nutrix (to nourish)
• A nurse is a person who nourishes, fosters and protects,
a person prepared to take care of the sick, injured and
aged people (Ellis & Hartley, 1992)
26. NURSING CONCEPT
The unique function of the nurse is to assist the
individual, sick or well, in the performance of those
activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to
peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had
the necessary strength, will, or knowledge. And to do this
in such a way as to help him gain independence as to help
him gain independence as rapidly as possible.
The International Council of Nurses ( 1973) adopted from
Virginia Henderson’s definition.
27. Common concept of nursing
• Nursing is caring
• Nursing is an art
• Nursing is a science
• Nursing is client centered
• Nursing is holistic
28. Recipients of Nursing
The recipients of nursing are sometimes called
consumers, patients and clients.
1. Consumer – is an individual, a group of people, or a
community that uses a service or commodity.
2. Patient – is a person who is waiting for or undergoing
medical treatment and care.
3. Client – is a person who engages the advices or
services of another who is qualified to provide this
services.
29. Scope of Nursing
1. Promoting health and wellness
2. Preventing illness
3. Restoring health
4. Caring for the dying
30. Roles and function of the nurse
1. Caregiver
2. Communicator
3. Teacher
4. Client advocate
5. Counselor
6. Change agent
7. Leader
8. Case manager
9. Research consumer
31. CONCEPT OF NURSING
1. There are FOUR (4) concepts in nursing profession :
• Person /client - recipient of nursing care
• Environment - internal and external surroundings
that affect the client
• Health - degree of wellness or well-being
• Nursing - attributes, characteristics and actions of
the nurse providing care on behalf of
32. i. PERSON
1. In nursing theory, human beings are considered in terms of
their physiological, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural
selves.
2. People are evaluated in terms of their individual place in
society as well as their relationships to their family,
community and society as a whole.
3. The purpose of nursing and nursing theory is to identify how a
particular individual's needs are either met or not met, to
predict future needs and to prioritize those needs in order of
importance.
33. ii. ENVIRONMENT
1. The environment concept of nursing comprises all the internal
and external factors that act on human beings and affect their
behaviour and development.
2. This includes psychological, spiritual, social, physical and
cultural forces as well as the environment in which nursing care
is provided.
3. The idea behind this concept is that the environment influences
individual and collective health and that individuals who
experience a positive, comfortable nursing environment are
more likely to demonstrate good health versus those who receive
a level of care that is lacking.
34. iii.HEALTH
• The concept of health refers to an individual's physical, mental and
social well-being and at what point they are on the health spectrum,
which ranges from good health to poor health or death.
• Health is considered to be affected by genetic factors, environmental
factors, lifestyle factors and external mechanisms, such as bacteria.
• A person's place on the health spectrum is constantly changing and
in a nursing context, it's the responsibility of nursing professionals to
identify the patient's place on the spectrum and to take steps to help
the person's health improve.
35. iv.NURSING
1. the process of caring for the health of human beings and
assisting individuals in meeting their needs while also teaching
them the basics of caring for themselves.
2. The responsibilities of the nursing profession are to promote
good health, to prevent disease when possible, to promote
healing in those who are ill and to ease the suffering of dying
patients.
3. The concept of nursing extends beyond the health care facility
to the community and society as a whole, and views individual
health and the environment as closely related.
4. Nursing is defined as care that is tailored to the needs of
individuals and that is provided in an efficient and effective
manner.
36. CONCEPT OF NURSING
PERSON
to identify how a
particular
individual's needs
& to predict
future needs and
to prioritize those
needs in order of
importance.
ENVIRONMENT
When the
environment
influences
individual and
collective health
are excellent it
can demonstrate
a good health.
HEALTH
A person’s health
spectrum is
constantly
changing & need
to be sort
accordingly to
improve athe
person's health.
NURSING
Resposibility of a
nurse are to promote
good health, to
prevent disease when
possible, to promote
healing in those who
are ill and to ease the
suffering of dying
patients.
37. REFERENCE
• Fundamentals of Nursing., 2007. Pearson Practice Hall, Petaling Jaya (Chapter 2, pg 23-26)
• Kozier, B., Glenora, E., Audrey, B. & Shirlee, S., 2004, Fundamental of Nursing: Concept, Process & Practice, 7th .ed, Pearson
Practice Hall
• Taylor, C., Lillis, C. & LeMone, P., 2005, Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 5th.ed, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
• "Theory and Practice of Nursing: An Integrated Approach to Caring Practice"; Lynn Basford, Oliver Slevin; 2003
• Medical College of Georgia: School of Nursing Mission/Vision
• Roles & Responsibilities of a Nurse ” 1. Caregiver/ Care provider – the traditional and most...
• Planning involves determining before and the strategies or course of actions...
• General Nursing Interventions for the Mental Health Client Forming a one-to-one relationship with the client It will help...
• NURSING AS A PROFESSION Profession – is a calling that requires special knowledge, skill...
• Foundation of Nursing – Comprehensive Test Part 1 Using the principles of standard precautions, the nurse would wear...