This document outlines a code of ethics and professional conduct for nursing. It discusses the definition and purpose of ethics. It also defines different types of ethics and explains the purpose and principles of a nursing code of ethics. The document then discusses the International Council of Nursing's code and its key elements. It provides examples of a nurse's responsibilities to people, practice, profession, society, and coworkers. It also discusses concepts like autonomy, accountability, assertiveness, and the various roles of a nurse. Finally, it presents some examples of potential research studies related to nursing ethics.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
Few would disagree that nursing is one of the most underrated professions in modern times. Being a nurse isn’t easy. In fact, it is a field that can be extremely demanding and even unforgiving to those who pursue it. Being around the ailing and the frazzled for long hours and dealing with them patiently day after day can be challenging, to say the least.
Few would disagree that nursing is one of the most underrated professions in modern times. Being a nurse isn’t easy. In fact, it is a field that can be extremely demanding and even unforgiving to those who pursue it. Being around the ailing and the frazzled for long hours and dealing with them patiently day after day can be challenging, to say the least.
CODES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT FOR NURSES.pptxanjalatchi
Kindness, fairness, caring, trustworthiness, emotional stability, empathy, and compassion are components that make you human on a personal level and serve you well as a nurse. You exhibit strong communication skills. You communicate well with patients and colleagues — sometimes at their worst life moments.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
5. DEFINITON
A code of ethics is a formal
statement of group’s ideals and
values.
OR
It the set principles that are
accepted by all the members of
profession.
6. PURPOSES
Standards for the behaviours of nurse& provide
general guidelines for nursing action
Helps to distinguish between right& wrong
Enables a correct decision
Protect the rights of individual
It helps the student and the register nurses
to practice ethically
7. USES
Acknowledges the rightful place of
Individuals in health care delivery
system.
Contributes towards empowerment of
individuals to become responsible for
their health and well-being.
Contributes to quality care.
Identifies obligations in practice,
research and relationships.
8. USES CONTI…
Informs the individuals, families,
community and other professionals
about expectations of a nurse.
Guide for professional behavior
Helps the teachers to plan education
prevents below standard practices
11. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF
NURSING
The international council of Nurses (ICN)
was established in 1899.
Nurses from Great Britain, the United
States, and Canada were among the
founding members.
The Council is a federation of national
Nurses’ association, Such as the American
Nursing Association (ANA) and Canadian
Association for Nurses (CAN).
12. INTERNATIONAL CODE OF NURSING
ETHICS
An international code of ethics for nurses
was first adopted by the International
Council of Nurses (ICN) in 1953. It has
been revised and reaffirmed at various
times since, most recently with this review
and revision completed in 2012.
Nurses have four fundamental
responsibilities
Inherent in nursing is respect for human
rights.
14. •The nurse’s primary professional responsibility is to
people requiring nursing care.
•In providing care, the nurse promotes an
environment in which the human rights, values,
customs and spiritual beliefs of the individual, family
and community are respected.
•The nurse ensures that the individual receives
sufficient information on which to base consent for
care and related treatment.
1. NURSES AND PEOPLE
15. CONTI…
• The nurse holds in confidence personal information and
uses judgement in sharing this information.
• The nurse shares with society the responsibility for
initiating and supporting action to meet the health and
social needs of the public, in particular those of
vulnerable populations.
• The nurse also shares responsibility to sustain and
protect the natural environment from depletion,
pollution, degradation and destruction
16. •The nurse carries personal responsibility and
accountability for nursing practice, and for
maintaining competence by continual learning.
•The nurse maintains a standard of personal health
such that the ability to provide care is not
compromised.
•The nurse uses judgement regarding individual
competence when accepting and delegating
responsibility.
2.NURSES AND PRACTICE
17. CONTI…
The nurse at all times maintains standards
of personal conduct which reflect well on
the profession and enhance public
confidence.
The nurse, in providing care, ensures that
use of technology and scientific advances
are compatible with the safety, dignity and
rights of people.
18. •The nurse assumes the major role in determining and
implementing acceptable standards of clinical nursing
practice, management, research and education.
•The nurse is active in developing a core of research-based
professional knowledge.
•The nurse, acting through the professional organisation,
participates in creating and maintaining safe, equitable
social and economic working conditions in nursing.
. NURSES AND THE PROFESSION
19. The nurse sustains a co-operative
relationship with co-workers in nursing and
other fields.
The nurse takes appropriate action to
safeguard individuals, families and
communities when their health is
endangered by a co- worker or any other
person.
4. NURSES AND CO-WORKERS
20. 5. NURSES AND SOCIETY
Participate and share responsibility with
other citizens & other health professionals.
Recognize and perform the duties of
citizenship
Aware of laws and regulations which affect
the practice of medicine and nursing.
21.
22. UNIQUENESS OF INDIVIDUAL IN
PROVISION OF CARE
1. Equal
2. Consider belief, values
3. Appreciate place in family and participate in others
care
4. Develop truthful relationship
5. Recognize responses
23. 2.THE NURSE RESPECTS THE RIGHTS OF
INDIVIDUALS AS PARTNER IN CARE AND HELPS
IN MAKING INFORMED CHOICES
Informed choices
Respect decision
Protect from misinformation &
misinterpretation
Advocates special provisions to protect vulnerable
24. 3) THE NURSE RESPECTS INDIVIDUAL’S RIGHT TO
PRIVACY, MAINTAINS CONFIDENTIALITY, AND
SHARES INFORMATION JUDICIOUSLY.
Respects the individual’s right to
privacy
Maintains confidentiality
25. ORDER TO RENDER QUALITY NURSING
CARE
Care only by the registered nurses
Nurse strives to maintain quality nursing
care
Nurse values continuing education,
initiates and utilizes all opportunities for
self development.
Nurse values research
26. 5) THE NURSE IS OBLIGED TO PRACTICE WITHIN
THE FRAMEWORK OF ETHICAL, PROFESSIONAL
AND LEGAL BOUNDARIES
Adheres to code of ethics and code of professional
conduct
Familiarizes with relevant laws and practices
27. HARMONIOUSLY WITH THE MEMBERS OF
THE HEALTH TEAM.
Appreciates the team efforts in
rendering care.
Cooperates, coordinates and
collaborates with the members of the
health team to meet the needs of the
people.
28. TRUST INVESTED IN NURSING PROFESSION
BY SOCIETY
Demonstrates personal etiquettes in all
dealings.
Demonstrates professional attributes in all
dealings.
29. ETHICAL DILEMMA
Occurs when there is conflict
between two or more ethical
principles.
No correct decision exists.
Ethical reasoning
30. STEPS FOR RESOLVING ETHICAL
DILEMMA
STEP 1- Collect , analyze and interpret the
data
STEP2- state the dilemma
STEP3- consider the choice of action
STEP4- Analyze an advantage and
disadvantages of each course of action
STEP5- Make a decision and act on it
31.
32. 1.Professional Responsibility and accountability
• Self worth, personal conduct
• carries responsibility
2. Nursing Practice
• Care with all aspects
• set standard, respect culture
• ensure safe practice
3. Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
• Establish I.P.R., appreciate role of team members,
• co- operate
33. 4. Valuing Human Being
• Protect from harmful ethical practice
• Relevant facts while taking conscience decisions
• Respects and supports choices
5. Management
• utilization of available resources
• Participates in supervision
• Uses judgment6. Professional Advancement
• Contributes to the development
• Takes responsibility for updating own knowledge
34.
35.
36. AUTONOMY
Autonomy means that individuals are able
to act for themselves to the level of their
capacity.
Professional nurse autonomy is defined as
belief in the centrality of the client when
making responsible discretionary decisions,
both independently and interdependently,
that reflect advocacy for the client.
37.
38. ACCOUNTABLITY
According to Sullivan and Deekan,
“accountability is being responsible for
ones actions and accepting the
consequences of one’s behaviour”.
39. Nurses are accountable for;
Providing safe and therapeutic
environment for the patients.
Delivering component and personalized
care.
Maintaining adequate supplies of
materials and equipments for smooth
functioning of ward.
Maintaining accurate and up-to-date
records and reports.
40. CONTI…
Protecting client’s legal rights and privacy.
Maintaining good interpersonal
relationships.
Working within ethical and legal
boundaries.
Delegating responsibility appropriately.
Contributing to the development of
profession.
41.
42. Assertiveness is a style of behaviour to interact
with people while standing up for your rights. It is a
tool for expressing ourselves confidently and a way
of saying yes and no in an appropriate way.
1. Helps to create healthy and meaningful
relations.
2. Less friction and conflicts.
3. Enhances the self esteem.
4. Increases the productivity.
5. Improves emotional and physical health.
6. Lessen the stress at work.
45. 1.THE AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION CODE OF ETHICS: A REFLECTION ON
THE ETHICS OF RESPECT AND HUMAN DIGNITY WITH NURSE AS EXPERT.
The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses
calls for the nurse to practice with compassion and respect
for every individual. What are the ethics and challenges of
practicing professional nursing with expertise and educating
a new generation of nurses while incorporating the
interpretive statements into practice? This column
differentiates the traditional biomedical views on human
dignity and respect while exploring the embedded ethics of
respect and self-determination and what it truly means to be
an expert of nursing from the theoretical perspective of the
human becoming school of thought.
46. 2. PRACTICAL USE OF THE NURSING CODE OF ETHICS (U.S.A.)
The first provision calls for honoring the human dignity in
all patients and colleagues. It lays the groundwork for the
importance of the essential ethical principle of autonomy,
the right to self-determination. The second provision
describes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration
and significance of appropriate nurse-patient boundaries.
The importance of privacy and confidentiality in the nurse-
patient relationship is the focus of the third provision.
Without the nurse's honoring of privacy, the patient would
be hesitant to share important information necessary to
design an effective plan of care. The fourth provision
primarily focuses on the importance of accountability for
personal actions and for the actions of those to whom the
nurse has delegated. By meeting these obligations, the
nurse will remain the most trusted health care professional.
47. CONCLUSION
The Code of Professional Conduct for
Nurses in India is supported by the
Code of Ethics for Nurses in India.
This Code of Professional Conduct for
Nurses sets the minimum standards
for practice a professional person is
expected to uphold both within and
outside of professional domains in
order to ensure the ‘good standing’ of
the nursing profession.
48. BIBLIOGRAPHY
S.N. Nanuet Gouda’s “Foundation of nursing “
1st edition 2010, Jayvee Brothers Medical
Publisher( p) L.T.D. pg.no.14-21
B.T. Baswanthappa’s “ Nursing Administration”
2nd edition 2009 Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publisher( p) L.T.D. Pg. no. 16-20
Carol, Taylor, Carol Lillis, Priscilla Lemon’s
“Fundamentals of nursing The Art and science
of nursing care.” Lippincott Williams & wikis a
welters clawer 6th edition 2006. Pg no.486-452
Potter and Perry’s “Fundamentals of Nursing”
6th edition 2006 Mosby & Elsevier P (L.T.D.) Pg
no. 1152-1161
Elvis’s “Medical and Surgical Nursing
Assessment & Management of Clinical
Problems” 4th edition pg no.425-432.