Subject: Oral Communication Unit II - "Strategies in Various Speech Situation" This unit focuses on the various ways and situations in which people communicate. It discusses how a communicator's style of speaking changes according to the context and how statements elicit various responses from listeners

1. REIMUEL M. BISNAR
Teacher I
Certified Microsoft Innovative Educator
Educator Community Contributor & Influencer

2. Let’s Warm Up
Direction: Choose the letter of your answer.
1. Consider the phrase: “ I now declare
Martial Law.” Who among the following
can say this phrase and make martial law
actually happen?
a. President of the country
b. My pregnant neighbor
c. A retired veterinarian
d. A famous rock star

3. Let’s Warm Up
Direction: Choose the letter of your answer.
2. What do you think does the speaker
mean when he/she says, “Can you open
the door?”
a. The speaker wants to know if I have the ability
to open the door.
b. The speaker is requesting me to open the
door.
c. The speaker does not make sense.
d. The speaker is asking me a question.

4. Let’s Warm Up
Direction: Choose the letter of your answer.
3. You and your friend who has a fever
enter your room. She shivers and tells you,
“It’s cold in here!” How would you interpret
what she said?
a. She feels cold.
b. She wants me to increase the temperature in
the room.
c. She does not feel well because of the cold.
d. She is complimenting the temperature in my
room.

5. Let’s Warm Up
Direction: Choose the letter of your answer.
4. Based on the scenario in item number 3,
what would your next action be?
a. I will thank my friend.
b. I will agree with her and say that the room is
cold.
c. I will increase the temperature to decrease the
coldness.
d. I will ignore my friend.

6. Let’s Warm Up
Direction: Choose the letter of your answer.
5. In which of the following statements is
the speaker making a commitment?
a. “I checked her Facebook profile
yesterday.”
b. “I’m in love and I’m happy.”
c. “I promise to love you for better or for
worse.”
d. “I think following my suggestion will get
us a high grade.”

7. Let’s Work and Learn
Video 1:
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=hpZFctBUHQ

8. Let’s Work and Learn
Video 1:
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=hpZFctBUHQ

9. Let’s Work and Learn
What greeting is used by
the customer service
agent?

10. A speech act is an utterance that a
speaker makes to achieve and
intended effect.
Some functions carried out using speech act:
• offering an apology
• greeting
• request
• complaint
• invitation
• compliment
• refusal

11. This was according to
John Langshaw Austin
(1962), a philosopher and
the developer of the
Speech Act Theory.

12. 1. LOCUTIONARY
ACT is the actual
act of uttering.
“UTTERANCE
”
“Please
do the
dishes.”

13. 2. ILLOCUTIONARY
ACT is the social
function of what
is said.
“ITENTION”
By uttering the
locution “Please do
the dishes.” the
speaker requests
the addressee to
wash the dishes.

14. 3. PERLOCUTIONAR
Y ACT is the
resulting act of
what is said. This
effect is based on
the particular
context in which
the speech act
was mentioned.
“RESPONSE”
“Please do the
dishes” would lead
to the addressee
washing the dishes.

15. There are also indirect
speech acts which occur
when there is no direct
connection between the
form of the utterance and
intended meaning.
TYPES OF SPEECH ACT

16. “Can you pass the
rice?”
INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS
Inferred speech act: Do you have the
ability to hand over the rice?
Indirect speech act: Please pass
the rice.

17. Austin also introduced the concept of
PERFORMATIVE
UTTERANCES
-statements which enable the
speaker to perform something just
by stating it.
- said by the right person under
the right circumstances results in
a change in the world.
- note that certain conditions have
TYPES OF SPEECH ACT

18. For example, the phrase “I now
pronounce you husband and
wife,” when uttered by an
authorized person such as
judge or priest will have the
actual effect of binding a couple
in marriage.
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCES

19. a. ‘I do (sc. take this woman to be my lawful
wedded wife)’ – as uttered in the course of the
marriage ceremony.
b. ‘I name this ship the Queen Elizabeth’ –
accompanied by the smashing of a bottle
against the hull of the ship.
c. ‘I give and bequeath my watch to my
brother’ – as occurring in a will.

22. ASSERTIVE
The speaker expresses belief
about the truth of proposition.
Acts: suggesting, putting forward,
swearing, boasting, and
concluding

23. Example:
“No one makes better
pancakes than I do.”

24. DIRECTIVE
The speaker tries to make the
addressee perform an action.
Acts: asking, ordering, requesting,
inviting, advising, and
begging

25. Example:
“Please close
the door.”

26. COmmissive
Commits the speaker to doing
something in the future.
Acts: promising, planning,
vowing, and betting.

27. EXAMPLE
“From now on, I will
participate in our group
activity.”

28. EXPRESSIVE
The speaker expresses his/her
feelings or emotional reactions.
Acts: thanking, apologizing,
welcoming, and
deploring.

29. EXAMPLE
“I am so sorry for not helping out
in our
group projects and letting you do
all
the work.”

30. DECLARATION
A change in the external
situation.
Acts: blessing, firing, baptizing,
bidding, passing a sentence,
and excommunicating.

31. EXAMPLE
“You are
fired!”

32. By saying that
someone is fired, an
employer causes or
brings about the
person’s
unemployment, thus
changing his external
situation

33. • Constatives
• Constative utterances describe states of affairs which
are either true or false. They are utterances which
describe the world and in so doing ascertain or state
something. Constatives mostly (though not necessarily)
have the form of declarative sentences, they refer to
the act of saying something, and, as mentioned above,
they are truth-evaluable or at least purport to describe
reality (cf. Petrey 1990:4).
• Examples of Constatives Snow is white. (true)
• Snow is red. (false)

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