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The document discusses the key features and theories of the origins of states and governments. It outlines four essential features of a state: population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It then describes four theories of how governments originated: evolutionary theory, which argues states evolved from families; force theory, which claims governments emerged through conquest; divine right theory, which holds rulers were chosen by gods; and social contract theory, which says people formed governments to protect their rights from the state of nature. The document suggests social contract theory, advocated by thinkers like Hobbes and Locke, most influenced concepts like the U.S. declaration of independence.
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1 the state and theories 2015
This document discusses the key features of states and governments. It defines the four essential features of a state as population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It notes that a state and country generally have the same meaning, referring to a political community with definite boundaries and independent sovereignty. The document also discusses theories on the origin of the state, such as evolving from the family, force, divine right, and social contract theory. It outlines the main purposes of government as maintaining social order, providing public services, ensuring national security, and controlling the nation's economy.
Lesson Plan One Government New
The document outlines several political ideologies and theories that influenced the development of the American government. The Enlightenment philosophers sought to promote progress and a more perfect life through freeing humans from ignorance. Key political theories discussed include the Divine Right Theory of kings having God-given rule, Evolutionary Theory of government developing from early families, and Force Theory of rule through conquest. However, the Social Contract Theory, which viewed the state as formed by a voluntary contract for protection and order, influenced the American system the most through philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.
Locke and-origins
The document outlines several theories of the origins of government including the evolution theory, force theory, divine right theory, and social contract theory. It then discusses the contributions of ancient Greece including Athenian democracy, and the contributions of ancient Rome including the Roman Republic. Finally, it covers the English origins of the American government system including documents like the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, English Bill of Rights, and political philosophers like John Locke who influenced ideas around natural rights and social contract theory.
C3 the state
The document defines a state as having four key elements: a population, a territory, a government, and sovereignty. It discusses each of these elements in further detail. For example, it notes that a territory provides citizenship and that a government determines policies and regulations. The document also examines the functions of the state, such as maintaining stability and justice. Additionally, it outlines five crises that are often part of the nation-building process: establishing identity, legitimacy, penetration, participation, and resolving issues of distribution.
Philosophers
The document discusses several philosophers and their ideas about government and political theory during the Enlightenment period. It describes Thomas Hobbes's view of the social contract and belief in absolute monarchy. John Locke believed in natural rights and the idea that the people can overthrow a government that does not protect those rights. Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote that government should express the will of the people. Baron de Montesquieu promoted separating government into branches with shared powers. These Enlightenment ideas influenced the American colonists in their rebellion against Britain.
John Locke & Natural Rights Theory
This document discusses John Locke's natural rights theory and introduces some key questions about natural rights and the state of nature. It explains that natural rights theory imagines life without government, in a state of nature, and that according to Locke all people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property. The document then instructs students to work in groups to answer questions about natural rights and how people might organize themselves if starting a new society on an uninhabited island.
Ch 1 Sec 1 And 2
A government is an institution that makes and enforces public policies through legislative, executive, and judicial powers in order to maintain order in society. A state is a body of people living in a defined territory that is politically organized and able to make laws without consent from a higher authority. There are four theories on the origins of the state: evolutionary theory ties the development of states to the evolution of family and social structures; force theory argues that those with strength enforce their authority; divine right theory holds that power comes from God; and social contract theory views the state as arising from an agreement between the ruler and the people.
Unit #1 - Topic #1 Notes
A government is an institution that makes and enforces public policies through legislative, executive, and judicial powers in order to maintain order in society. A state is a body of people living in a defined territory that is politically organized and able to make laws without consent from a higher authority. There are four theories on the origins of the state: evolutionary theory where governments evolved from family structures; force theory where strength determines rule; divine right theory where power comes from God; and social contract theory where power comes from agreement between the ruler and the people.
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1 the state and theories 2015
This document discusses the key features of states and governments. It defines the four essential features of a state as population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It notes that a state and country generally have the same meaning, referring to a political community with definite boundaries and independent sovereignty. The document also discusses theories on the origin of the state, such as evolving from the family, force, divine right, and social contract theory. It outlines the main purposes of government as maintaining social order, providing public services, ensuring national security, and controlling the nation's economy.
Lesson Plan One Government New
The document outlines several political ideologies and theories that influenced the development of the American government. The Enlightenment philosophers sought to promote progress and a more perfect life through freeing humans from ignorance. Key political theories discussed include the Divine Right Theory of kings having God-given rule, Evolutionary Theory of government developing from early families, and Force Theory of rule through conquest. However, the Social Contract Theory, which viewed the state as formed by a voluntary contract for protection and order, influenced the American system the most through philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.
Locke and-origins
The document outlines several theories of the origins of government including the evolution theory, force theory, divine right theory, and social contract theory. It then discusses the contributions of ancient Greece including Athenian democracy, and the contributions of ancient Rome including the Roman Republic. Finally, it covers the English origins of the American government system including documents like the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, English Bill of Rights, and political philosophers like John Locke who influenced ideas around natural rights and social contract theory.
C3 the state
The document defines a state as having four key elements: a population, a territory, a government, and sovereignty. It discusses each of these elements in further detail. For example, it notes that a territory provides citizenship and that a government determines policies and regulations. The document also examines the functions of the state, such as maintaining stability and justice. Additionally, it outlines five crises that are often part of the nation-building process: establishing identity, legitimacy, penetration, participation, and resolving issues of distribution.
Philosophers
The document discusses several philosophers and their ideas about government and political theory during the Enlightenment period. It describes Thomas Hobbes's view of the social contract and belief in absolute monarchy. John Locke believed in natural rights and the idea that the people can overthrow a government that does not protect those rights. Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote that government should express the will of the people. Baron de Montesquieu promoted separating government into branches with shared powers. These Enlightenment ideas influenced the American colonists in their rebellion against Britain.
John Locke & Natural Rights Theory
This document discusses John Locke's natural rights theory and introduces some key questions about natural rights and the state of nature. It explains that natural rights theory imagines life without government, in a state of nature, and that according to Locke all people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property. The document then instructs students to work in groups to answer questions about natural rights and how people might organize themselves if starting a new society on an uninhabited island.
Ch 1 Sec 1 And 2
A government is an institution that makes and enforces public policies through legislative, executive, and judicial powers in order to maintain order in society. A state is a body of people living in a defined territory that is politically organized and able to make laws without consent from a higher authority. There are four theories on the origins of the state: evolutionary theory ties the development of states to the evolution of family and social structures; force theory argues that those with strength enforce their authority; divine right theory holds that power comes from God; and social contract theory views the state as arising from an agreement between the ruler and the people.
Unit #1 - Topic #1 Notes
A government is an institution that makes and enforces public policies through legislative, executive, and judicial powers in order to maintain order in society. A state is a body of people living in a defined territory that is politically organized and able to make laws without consent from a higher authority. There are four theories on the origins of the state: evolutionary theory where governments evolved from family structures; force theory where strength determines rule; divine right theory where power comes from God; and social contract theory where power comes from agreement between the ruler and the people.
The Key To John Locke: Natural Rights
John Locke was an English philosopher influential on American government. He believed natural rights like life, liberty, and property were inherent and the main purpose of government was to protect these rights. In a state of nature without government, people's natural rights would not be secure due to a lack of laws and potential abuse by the stronger. This is why people consent to forming social contracts and governments, giving up some freedom in exchange for protection of their rights.
Comparision of idealogy john locke & thomas hobbes
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both social contract theorists who believed a ruler was necessary, but disagreed on the type of rule. Hobbes believed absolute rule by a king was needed due to humans' natural brutishness. Locke believed people were born blank slates and could govern themselves to some degree, having rights to overthrow governments that failed to protect their rights. While both acknowledged God, religion played a small role in their philosophies. Hobbes saw humans as fearful animals needing a master, while Locke saw them as capable of reason. They differed in their views of human nature and the role of government.
John locke and government
John Locke believed that in a state of nature, natural laws existed to protect life, liberty, and property. However, not all humans are reasonable, so a legitimate government is needed to interpret and enforce these natural laws, with the consent of the governed. Locke argued that people form governments to better protect their natural rights to life, liberty, and property from those who would take them by force.
The 4 theories of government
The document outlines the four main theories on the origin of the state: 1) The Force Theory proposes that the state was born out of force when a small group claimed control over an area and forced others to submit. 2) The Evolutionary Theory suggests the state developed from early family structures as lead families evolved into networks of tribes. 3) The Divine Right Theory held that God created the state and chose individuals to rule with divine right. 4) The Social Contract Theory influential to American government postulates that people voluntarily agreed to a social contract like a constitution to ensure safety and well-being for all.
Thomas hobbes
Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher born in 1588 who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy. He studied at Oxford University and traveled throughout Europe, becoming interested in different forms of government. His most famous work was Leviathan, in which he argued that human nature is selfish and violent, and that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short." Hobbes believed people consent to a social contract establishing an absolute sovereign, such as a monarch, to maintain order and security. He viewed sovereignty as the foundation of civil government and advocated for strong, centralized states with absolute power.
Thomas hobbes
5th April 1588 , born in Wiltshire England .Thomas Hobbes was excellent in classical languages.Hobbes's Contribution,Hobbes political philosophy: A summary ,Social Contract Theory: ,Absolute Monarch: , Hobbes concept of war and peace.Relevance of Hobbes’s philosophy in present age:.
Thomas Hobbes' Political Philosophy
The document discusses several key aspects of Thomas Hobbes' political philosophy:
1) In the state of nature, there is a "war of all against all" where life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." This stems from humans' natural right of self-preservation.
2) To escape this state, individuals agree to a social contract that establishes an absolute sovereign with supreme power and authority.
3) The sovereign determines justice, property rights, and laws. Citizens must obey without question to maintain peace and security. Criticism of the sovereign is seen as self-accusation.
4) Hobbes rejects notions of inherent rights and justice in favor of
thomas hobbes
This document provides an overview of Thomas Hobbes' political philosophy as outlined in his work Leviathan. It discusses Hobbes' social contract theory and the emergence of the sovereign authority. Hobbes argues humans surrender their freedoms and form a commonwealth, with the sovereign given absolute power to maintain peace and order. The document also summarizes Hobbes' views on human nature, the different forms of government, and criticisms of his philosophy.
Enlightenment thinkers
Thomas Hobbes believed people in the state of nature were selfish and quick to fight, so governments were created through social contracts to protect people and maintain order. John Locke also believed in social contracts but thought people had natural rights to life, liberty, and property that governments must protect. Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of powers among branches of government. Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued people are born free but become subjugated under unjust laws, and that legitimate governments rule with the consent of the people.
Locke on the state of nature, property
Hobbes argued that all humans are by nature equal in faculties of body and mind (i.e., no natural inequalities are so great as to give anyone a "claim" to an exclusive "benefit"). From this equality and other causes in human nature, everyone is naturally willing to fight one another: so that "during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called warre; and such a warre as is of every man against every man". In this state every person has a natural right or liberty to do anything one thinks necessary for preserving one's own life; and life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"
Imperialism
Imperialism involves one state exerting political control and economic exploitation over weaker states. Colonialism is when a state politically controls another, while annexation incorporates a state into another state's territory. Social Darwinism was used to justify imperialism, arguing stronger societies had a right to rule weaker ones. The "White Man's Burden" asserted white men had a duty to civilize primitive countries. Racism and paternalism characterized the missionary impulse to convert indigenous peoples. The Scramble for Africa in the 1800s saw European powers invade and occupy the continent, except for Liberia and Ethiopia. Nationalism promoted pride in one's country through military and economic strength. Colonized peoples often rebelled against foreign domination.
Notes on Political Philosophers
Thomas Hobbes believed that in a state of nature without government, human life would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." According to Hobbes, humans are inherently selfish and in a constant state of war against one another due to competition for resources. Hobbes argued this necessitates a strong central government to impose order and protect citizens.
Unit 4 - The Age of Imperialism - Vocabulary
Imperialism is defined as a policy of extending a country's power and influence through military force or diplomacy. Colonialism involves acquiring political control over another country through occupation and exploitation. Social Darwinism and the idea of the "White Man's Burden" were used to justify imperialism and racism. The Scramble for Africa from 1880 to 1914 was a period where European powers rushed to colonize the African continent. Nationalism led colonizing countries to feel superior over colonized nations.
State and theories of evolution of the state
This ppt described the theories of the evolution of the state. there is the brief description of the state and its origin from some theories.
Day 2/ Types of Government Notes
The document provides an agenda for a civics lesson that includes a Do Now activity, discussion of why we study government, notes on types of government (monarchy, dictatorship, theocracy, democracy), interpretation of the Declaration of Independence, and a wrap up review.
What is the State?
The SlideShare introduces you to the political concept state; it gives the theories of the states and the differences between the state and society.
Imperialism vocabulary
The document discusses various aspects of imperialism such as colonialism, annexation, and the Scramble for Africa that occurred between 1881-1914. It also examines theories used to justify imperialism including Social Darwinism and the "White Man's Burden". Racism and missionary work are presented as having potential paternalistic and racist elements when imposed upon subjugated peoples. Nationalism is defined as patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts that colonized peoples often embraced to resist colonial rule.
Government intro
The document discusses different types of governments. It defines government as an organization set up by people to protect the community and make rules. The main types discussed are democracy, where people vote directly or through representatives; monarchy, where power lies with a king or queen; dictatorship, where a single unelected leader holds power; and theocracy, where religious leaders also govern. It provides examples of each type of government and how they function.
western concept of state
This document outlines the evolution of the modern state from early tribal organizations through various historical stages. It discusses how kinship, religion, wars, conquests and economic needs led to the development of tribes, oriental empires, Greek city-states, the Roman Empire, feudal states and ultimately the emergence of the modern nation state. Some of the key developments included the rise of territorial empires in places like Persia, China and Sumer; the formation of city-states in ancient Greece and Rome; and the breakdown of the feudal system leading to new political divisions based on nationalism, technology, and the rise of the middle class.
Inspiring Revolution
This document provides an overview of influential ideas and philosophers during the Enlightenment period that helped inspire revolutionary thinking. It discusses key concepts such as natural rights, social contract theory, and limitations on governmental power. Figures mentioned include John Locke, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and preachers from the Great Awakening who questioned authority and promoted independent thinking. Events like the Magna Carta and Bill of Rights are also summarized as they worked to limit the power of kings and extend rights to the people.
C4 theory of origin of the state
The document discusses several theories on the origin of the state:
1) The divine origin theory argues that God created the state and appointed rulers as his deputies to govern.
2) The force theory emphasizes that states originated from powerful groups subjugating weaker groups through conquest.
3) The social contract theory postulates that individuals in a state of nature came together by contract to form societies for protection of rights, with thinkers like Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau differing on the original state of nature.
4) The patriarchal and matriarchal theories debate whether early societies were organized matrilineally or patrilineally.
5) The historical/evolutionary theory views the state
Unit I - Origins Of Government
This document provides an overview of the origins of the American system of government. It begins with a poll showing that 87% of Americans trust the government only some of the time, highlighting the importance of studying how the government was designed. It then discusses the influence of ancient Greek and Roman ideas of direct and representative democracy on the development of the American system. The text also examines the key philosophical influences of Hobbes, Locke, and the social contract theory. Finally, it introduces some of the major documents and compromises that shaped the founding of the U.S., including the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutional Convention, and debates around the Virginia and New Jersey Plans for representation in Congress.
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The Key To John Locke: Natural Rights
John Locke was an English philosopher influential on American government. He believed natural rights like life, liberty, and property were inherent and the main purpose of government was to protect these rights. In a state of nature without government, people's natural rights would not be secure due to a lack of laws and potential abuse by the stronger. This is why people consent to forming social contracts and governments, giving up some freedom in exchange for protection of their rights.
Comparision of idealogy john locke & thomas hobbes
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both social contract theorists who believed a ruler was necessary, but disagreed on the type of rule. Hobbes believed absolute rule by a king was needed due to humans' natural brutishness. Locke believed people were born blank slates and could govern themselves to some degree, having rights to overthrow governments that failed to protect their rights. While both acknowledged God, religion played a small role in their philosophies. Hobbes saw humans as fearful animals needing a master, while Locke saw them as capable of reason. They differed in their views of human nature and the role of government.
John locke and government
John Locke believed that in a state of nature, natural laws existed to protect life, liberty, and property. However, not all humans are reasonable, so a legitimate government is needed to interpret and enforce these natural laws, with the consent of the governed. Locke argued that people form governments to better protect their natural rights to life, liberty, and property from those who would take them by force.
The 4 theories of government
The document outlines the four main theories on the origin of the state: 1) The Force Theory proposes that the state was born out of force when a small group claimed control over an area and forced others to submit. 2) The Evolutionary Theory suggests the state developed from early family structures as lead families evolved into networks of tribes. 3) The Divine Right Theory held that God created the state and chose individuals to rule with divine right. 4) The Social Contract Theory influential to American government postulates that people voluntarily agreed to a social contract like a constitution to ensure safety and well-being for all.
Thomas hobbes
Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher born in 1588 who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy. He studied at Oxford University and traveled throughout Europe, becoming interested in different forms of government. His most famous work was Leviathan, in which he argued that human nature is selfish and violent, and that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short." Hobbes believed people consent to a social contract establishing an absolute sovereign, such as a monarch, to maintain order and security. He viewed sovereignty as the foundation of civil government and advocated for strong, centralized states with absolute power.
Thomas hobbes
5th April 1588 , born in Wiltshire England .Thomas Hobbes was excellent in classical languages.Hobbes's Contribution,Hobbes political philosophy: A summary ,Social Contract Theory: ,Absolute Monarch: , Hobbes concept of war and peace.Relevance of Hobbes’s philosophy in present age:.
Thomas Hobbes' Political Philosophy
The document discusses several key aspects of Thomas Hobbes' political philosophy:
1) In the state of nature, there is a "war of all against all" where life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." This stems from humans' natural right of self-preservation.
2) To escape this state, individuals agree to a social contract that establishes an absolute sovereign with supreme power and authority.
3) The sovereign determines justice, property rights, and laws. Citizens must obey without question to maintain peace and security. Criticism of the sovereign is seen as self-accusation.
4) Hobbes rejects notions of inherent rights and justice in favor of
thomas hobbes
This document provides an overview of Thomas Hobbes' political philosophy as outlined in his work Leviathan. It discusses Hobbes' social contract theory and the emergence of the sovereign authority. Hobbes argues humans surrender their freedoms and form a commonwealth, with the sovereign given absolute power to maintain peace and order. The document also summarizes Hobbes' views on human nature, the different forms of government, and criticisms of his philosophy.
Enlightenment thinkers
Thomas Hobbes believed people in the state of nature were selfish and quick to fight, so governments were created through social contracts to protect people and maintain order. John Locke also believed in social contracts but thought people had natural rights to life, liberty, and property that governments must protect. Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of powers among branches of government. Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued people are born free but become subjugated under unjust laws, and that legitimate governments rule with the consent of the people.
Locke on the state of nature, property
Hobbes argued that all humans are by nature equal in faculties of body and mind (i.e., no natural inequalities are so great as to give anyone a "claim" to an exclusive "benefit"). From this equality and other causes in human nature, everyone is naturally willing to fight one another: so that "during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called warre; and such a warre as is of every man against every man". In this state every person has a natural right or liberty to do anything one thinks necessary for preserving one's own life; and life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"
Imperialism
Imperialism involves one state exerting political control and economic exploitation over weaker states. Colonialism is when a state politically controls another, while annexation incorporates a state into another state's territory. Social Darwinism was used to justify imperialism, arguing stronger societies had a right to rule weaker ones. The "White Man's Burden" asserted white men had a duty to civilize primitive countries. Racism and paternalism characterized the missionary impulse to convert indigenous peoples. The Scramble for Africa in the 1800s saw European powers invade and occupy the continent, except for Liberia and Ethiopia. Nationalism promoted pride in one's country through military and economic strength. Colonized peoples often rebelled against foreign domination.
Notes on Political Philosophers
Thomas Hobbes believed that in a state of nature without government, human life would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." According to Hobbes, humans are inherently selfish and in a constant state of war against one another due to competition for resources. Hobbes argued this necessitates a strong central government to impose order and protect citizens.
Unit 4 - The Age of Imperialism - Vocabulary
Imperialism is defined as a policy of extending a country's power and influence through military force or diplomacy. Colonialism involves acquiring political control over another country through occupation and exploitation. Social Darwinism and the idea of the "White Man's Burden" were used to justify imperialism and racism. The Scramble for Africa from 1880 to 1914 was a period where European powers rushed to colonize the African continent. Nationalism led colonizing countries to feel superior over colonized nations.
State and theories of evolution of the state
This ppt described the theories of the evolution of the state. there is the brief description of the state and its origin from some theories.
Day 2/ Types of Government Notes
The document provides an agenda for a civics lesson that includes a Do Now activity, discussion of why we study government, notes on types of government (monarchy, dictatorship, theocracy, democracy), interpretation of the Declaration of Independence, and a wrap up review.
What is the State?
The SlideShare introduces you to the political concept state; it gives the theories of the states and the differences between the state and society.
Imperialism vocabulary
The document discusses various aspects of imperialism such as colonialism, annexation, and the Scramble for Africa that occurred between 1881-1914. It also examines theories used to justify imperialism including Social Darwinism and the "White Man's Burden". Racism and missionary work are presented as having potential paternalistic and racist elements when imposed upon subjugated peoples. Nationalism is defined as patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts that colonized peoples often embraced to resist colonial rule.
Government intro
The document discusses different types of governments. It defines government as an organization set up by people to protect the community and make rules. The main types discussed are democracy, where people vote directly or through representatives; monarchy, where power lies with a king or queen; dictatorship, where a single unelected leader holds power; and theocracy, where religious leaders also govern. It provides examples of each type of government and how they function.
western concept of state
This document outlines the evolution of the modern state from early tribal organizations through various historical stages. It discusses how kinship, religion, wars, conquests and economic needs led to the development of tribes, oriental empires, Greek city-states, the Roman Empire, feudal states and ultimately the emergence of the modern nation state. Some of the key developments included the rise of territorial empires in places like Persia, China and Sumer; the formation of city-states in ancient Greece and Rome; and the breakdown of the feudal system leading to new political divisions based on nationalism, technology, and the rise of the middle class.
Inspiring Revolution
This document provides an overview of influential ideas and philosophers during the Enlightenment period that helped inspire revolutionary thinking. It discusses key concepts such as natural rights, social contract theory, and limitations on governmental power. Figures mentioned include John Locke, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and preachers from the Great Awakening who questioned authority and promoted independent thinking. Events like the Magna Carta and Bill of Rights are also summarized as they worked to limit the power of kings and extend rights to the people.
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Comparision of idealogy john locke & thomas hobbes
Comparision of idealogy john locke & thomas hobbes
Similar to Ch1 sec1 pt1
C4 theory of origin of the state
The document discusses several theories on the origin of the state:
1) The divine origin theory argues that God created the state and appointed rulers as his deputies to govern.
2) The force theory emphasizes that states originated from powerful groups subjugating weaker groups through conquest.
3) The social contract theory postulates that individuals in a state of nature came together by contract to form societies for protection of rights, with thinkers like Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau differing on the original state of nature.
4) The patriarchal and matriarchal theories debate whether early societies were organized matrilineally or patrilineally.
5) The historical/evolutionary theory views the state
Unit I - Origins Of Government
This document provides an overview of the origins of the American system of government. It begins with a poll showing that 87% of Americans trust the government only some of the time, highlighting the importance of studying how the government was designed. It then discusses the influence of ancient Greek and Roman ideas of direct and representative democracy on the development of the American system. The text also examines the key philosophical influences of Hobbes, Locke, and the social contract theory. Finally, it introduces some of the major documents and compromises that shaped the founding of the U.S., including the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutional Convention, and debates around the Virginia and New Jersey Plans for representation in Congress.
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Implementation Piece1edg6931
Thomas Hobbes argued that governments were formed to promote stability and peace. His defense of absolute sovereignty influenced others like the Founding Fathers. John Locke then argued that people form governments and consent to rule, and have the right to revolt if governments don't protect rights and freedoms. Growing tensions between the colonies and Britain over taxation and representation led to the American Revolution and Declaration of Independence. The colonists ultimately defeated Britain to form a new nation.
Ch 1 Concept of State and Nation
This document provides an overview of concepts related to the state and nation. It defines the state as a politically organized society and discusses theories on the origin of states, including kinship, social contract, divine, matriarchal, and patriarchal theories. The document also examines types of states such as oriental, Greek, Roman, feudal, and nation states. It outlines key elements of the state including population, territory, government, and sovereignty. Finally, it discusses the role of the state from minimal to maximal perspectives.
Research Paper 1 – The Scales of Liberty – Final Draft
The document discusses the American system of government and its roots in the philosophies of the founding fathers. It summarizes that the founders created a federal republic based on the idea that governing authority comes from the people, not from a sovereign. Power is divided between federal and state governments through federalism in order to prevent tyranny. The role of government is also limited to protecting citizens' rights like life, liberty, and property. The system established in the Constitution aims to create a government protected by and for the people.
Unit 1 notebook constitution studend handouts modified
The document discusses some of the key philosophical influences on the founders' thinking about government such as Enlightenment ideas, the social contract theory of John Locke, and the separation of powers concept from Baron de Montesquieu. It also examines the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke about natural rights and how the government is meant to protect those rights. The document provides context about the historical foundations of the American political system through a discussion of these philosophical influences.
Chapter 1 powerpoint
This document discusses why people should care about power, politics, and government. It notes that Americans have historically been distrustful of authority and government due to experiences like British rule prior to the Revolutionary War. It also notes that three-fourths of Americans today say they can only trust the government some of the time. Government exists to maintain order, protect people and property, and provide public goods, but to do so it needs powers of coercion and revenue collection. Understanding these concepts of power, politics, and government is important.
UNIT IV.pptx
According to the Oxford Dictionary of Sociology (1994), ‘The state is a distinct set of institutions that has the authority to make rules which govern society.’ These institutions, according to Miliband (1969), are the government, the administration (the civil service), the judiciary and parliamentary assemblies. State power lies in these institutions.
Max Weber defined it as ‘the social insti¬tution that holds a monopoly over the use of force’. It has a ‘monopoly’ of legitimate violence ‘within a specific territory”. Hence, the state includes such institutions as the armed forces, civil service or bureaucracy, police, judiciary and local and national councils of elected representatives, such as parliament.
Consequently, the state is not a unified entity. It is rather a set of institutions which describe the terrain and parameters for political conflicts between various interests over the use of resources and the direction of public policy.
Sociologists have been particularly concerned with the state, but they have examined it in relation to society as a whole, rather than in isolation. Their main concern is the description analysis, and explanation of the state as an institution which claims a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a given territory.
What are the state’s interests or the boundaries of the state? It is very difficult to identify them clearly, since different parts of the state apparatus can have different interests and conflicting preferences. Because of this diffi¬culty, there are frequently conflicts between elected politicians and non-elected civil servants or the judiciary over policy and resources.
Moreover, its boundaries have not been clearly defined and are constantly changing. It is here useful to bear in mind Althusser’s concept of state apparatuses. The capacity of the state to control the armed forces and police (repressive state apparatus) as well as the major means of communication, notably the media (the ideological state apparatus) is crucial to its power.
Defining state, Anthony Giddens (1997) writes: ‘A state exists where there is a political apparatus of government (institutions like a parliament, civil services officials, etc.) ruling over a given territory, whose authority is backed by a legal system and by the capacity to use military force to implement its policies.’
Dunleavy and O’Leary (1967) have suggested the following five characteristics of the modern state:
1. The state is a recognizably separate institution or set of institutions, so differentiated from the rest of its society as to create identifiable public and private spheres.
2. The State is sovereign, or the supreme power, within its territory, and by definition the ultimate authority for all law.
3. The state’s sovereignty extends to all the individuals within a given territory, irrespective of formal positions held in the government or rule-making institutions.
4. The modern state’s personnel are mostly recruited and trained for manag
Gov't foundations0
The document discusses the foundations of the American system of government and key influences on its development. It examines concepts from ancient Athens and Rome like democracy and republicanism that were influential. It also analyzes documents like the Magna Carta, English Petition of Rights, and English Bill of Rights that protected rights and limited monarchal power. Philosophers like John Locke, who proposed theories of natural rights and social contract theory, are discussed as being highly influential on the Declaration of Independence and American principles of government.
Enlightenment Philosophers
The Enlightenment philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu influenced the founders of the United States with their social contract theory and ideas of limited government. Hobbes argued people formed governments to control human selfishness, while Locke said they did so to protect natural rights like life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu advocated for separating government powers into branches that check each other. These principles inspired the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution, which established a representative democracy with checks and balances among its three branches of government.
One nation under God
This document discusses the history of government from monarchies in Europe during the Dark Ages to the founding of the United States government. It outlines how during the Dark Ages, kings ruled based on the divine right of kings concept where God appointed them to rule. Over time, influenced by the Bible and thinkers like Locke and Sidney, ideas developed of social contracts and governments deriving their power from the consent of the governed. The US founders developed a system combining principles of democracy, republic, and theocracy where elected leaders take oaths to uphold principles of liberty and justice for all. The document argues this system has worked because it decentralizes power and protects individual rights and responsibilities.
The Enlightenment (2).ppt
The document provides information about the Enlightenment and some of its key thinkers. It discusses how the Enlightenment grew out of earlier movements like the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution. Major figures discussed include Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Hobbes, and Beccaria. Their ideas influenced governments through concepts like social contract theory, separation of powers, religious tolerance, and rights of the accused. The document also examines how the Enlightenment impacted the American and French Revolutions.
Philosophical foundation of state
The document discusses several theories on the philosophical foundations and origins of the state. It outlines that states began as organized societies and political systems emerged around 5000 BC in early civilizations. The emergence of agriculture and permanent settlements in river valleys encouraged state formation. States continued developing due to factors like kinship, religion, warfare, economics, and increasing political consciousness. The document then examines seven theories on the origins of the state in more depth, including divine right theory, evolutionary theory, social contract theory, force theory, Marxist theory, and theories focused on the development of agriculture and patriarchal/matriarchal structures.
Different forms of government
The document provides an overview of different forms of government including republic, parliamentary, monarchy, theocracy, totalitarian, dictatorship, and oligarchy. It gives brief descriptions of each type and examples of countries that use each form. The summary focuses on the key information without opinions or evaluations.
natural rights
Natural rights refer to universal moral principles that cannot be taken away by governments. They include the right to life, the right to own property, the right to earn a living, the right to have a family, and the right to practice religion. Most philosophers agree that the right to life is the most fundamental natural right, as humans have a right to stay alive and defend themselves from harm. Natural rights form the basis of social contracts and would still exist even without governments.
History of Political Theory
- Sir Edward Coke was an influential English jurist in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
- He believed strongly in the importance of common law and customs in limiting the power of the monarch.
- Coke argued that ancient common law customs, as interpreted by common law courts, held superiority over acts of both the King and Parliament.
- His writings emphasized concepts like habeas corpus and due process that established constitutional principles and restrictions on the power of the sovereign.
government intro powerpoint.ppt
The document discusses different types of governments. It defines government as an organization set up by people to protect the community and make rules. The main types discussed are democracy, where people vote directly or through representatives; monarchy, where power lies with a king/queen; dictatorship, where a single unelected leader rules; and theocracy, where religious leaders also govern. It provides examples of each type of government.
Thomasjefferson.exposición
The document discusses the key parts of the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776. It summarizes the three main sections which declared independence from Britain: 1) a statement of democratic principles and natural rights, 2) a list of grievances against King George III, 3) a concluding statement declaring independence. It also provides context on Jefferson and the events leading up to the revolutionary war.
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XI CH -1 CONCEPT OF STATE and its theories PPT.pptx
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After the Chinese Civil War, the Communists led by Mao Zedong defeated the Nationalists and established control over mainland China, implementing policies like land redistribution that increased their popularity with peasants. However, Mao's Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s that collectivized agriculture and increased industrial output was a failure, resulting in a massive famine that caused the deaths of tens of millions. In the 1960s, Mao launched the Cultural Revolution to purge China of "bourgeois" elements and reassert Communist ideology, leading to widespread social and political turmoil.
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After WWII, the world divided into two opposing superpowers - the democratic United States and its Western allies in NATO, and the communist Soviet Union and its Eastern bloc allies in the Warsaw Pact. They engaged in a nuclear arms race throughout the Cold War and came close to nuclear conflict during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, the Soviet Union suppressed rebellions in Eastern Europe and invaded Afghanistan, while the U.S. fought shooting wars by proxy in Korea and Vietnam as the Cold War took on a global scale.
From appeasement to war
The document discusses key events leading up to World War 2, including Germany annexing Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia through appeasement policies by Britain and France. It also discusses the Spanish Civil War where Germany and Italy supported Franco's Nationalists against the Soviet-backed Loyalists, resulting in over 500,000 deaths. The non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union is mentioned, before the summary concludes that World War 2 officially began when Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, leading Britain and France to declare war on Germany.
Postwar social changes
The document summarizes several social changes that occurred in the 1920s, including the rise of jazz culture during the Roaring Twenties, influential modernist literature from authors like T.S. Eliot and F. Scott Fitzgerald, the Harlem Renaissance which saw a flowering of African American artistic expression, breakthroughs in science from figures like Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, and the development of new visual art styles like Cubism, Abstract art, Dada, and Surrealism.
Nationalism in africa and the middle east
Nationalism grew in Africa and the Middle East in response to European colonialism and imperialism. Africans fought against being controlled by European countries and losing their right to vote and land. Segregationist policies in South Africa, like apartheid, aimed to ensure white supremacy through laws that restricted better jobs and living areas to whites only. African nationalism movements emerged seeking unity, independence, and an end to colonial rule, including pan-Africanism, Marcus Garvey's calls for "Africa to Africans," and Egypt gaining independence from Britain in 1922.
Making the peace
The document summarizes some of the major costs and consequences of World War I. It discusses the massive human costs in deaths and injuries between 1914-1918. It also outlines the political turmoil that emerged as governments collapsed in Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. The document describes how the Allied powers met at the Paris Peace Conference to determine the fate of Europe after the war, but excluded the Central Powers and Russia, leading to disagreements between Wilson, Clemenceau and George over the treatment of Germany in the eventual Treaty of Versailles.
A new kind of war
This document discusses how World War I involved new countries and new technologies compared to previous wars. It moved from a war of movement to a stalemate on the Western Front as trenches were dug for protection from rapid fire guns and long range artillery. New weapons like poison gas, tanks, airplanes, and submarines were introduced as the first major war after the Industrial Revolution. Trench warfare led to a stalemate on the battlefield as both sides dug into zig zag trenches separated by contested "no man's land" for over four years on the Western Front.
Life in the industrial age
The document outlines many of the key technological and scientific advances that occurred during the Industrial Revolution, including developments in steel production, dynamite, electricity, automobiles, airplanes, communication technologies like the telegraph and telephone, and advances in medicine. Many of these advances originated in Western Europe, particularly Great Britain, before spreading to other industrializing nations like Germany, France, the United States, Japan, and Australia.
Ch 19, 4 new ways of thinking
Laissez-faire economics advocated for minimal government intervention in the economy based on the ideas of Adam Smith. Thomas Malthus believed population growth would outpace food supply, while David Ricardo wrote about an "Iron Law of Wages." Utilitarianism held that laws should maximize happiness for the greatest number. Socialists believed the means of production should be owned collectively rather than privately. Karl Marx viewed socialism as inevitable and realistic in contrast to utopian socialists, laying out his theories in The Communist Manifesto. Marxism later inspired revolutions around the world before declining as people felt stronger national ties than ideological ties to communism.
Social impact of the industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution led to overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in urban areas as people migrated to cities to work in factories and mines. New social classes emerged, including industrial workers who faced long hours, dangerous machinery, pollution, and poor living conditions in overcrowded tenements. While unions were initially banned, worker protests grew, including the Luddites who destroyed machinery. Child labor was also common, with many starting work as young as age 5 to support their families. Some reforms followed, but conditions remained difficult for industrial workers.
Frechrevevents
The National Assembly formed as the Third Estate broke away from the Estates General, and took the Tennis Court Oath to create a constitution. The storming of the Bastille sparked revolts across France. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and adopted the Declaration of Rights of Man, though it ignored calls to include women's rights. Food shortages led to the March on Versailles and the royal family's move to Paris.
Frenchrevolutionpics
France was facing a financial crisis in the late 1700s due to excessive spending, debt, and a poor harvest. Taxes had risen sharply but were largely paid only by peasants while the nobility and clergy were exempt. King Louis XVI called the Estates General to address the crisis. The Estates General divided France into three groups: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. Tensions were rising between the privileged first two estates and the burdened third estate of commoners.
Ch18sec2
The document summarizes the radical phase of the French Revolution from 1792-1794. It describes the rise of radical groups like the Paris Commune and the Jacobins, the execution of King Louis XVI after a split over his fate, and the establishment of the Committee of Public Safety led by Robespierre. This period saw the Reign of Terror where tens of thousands perceived as enemies of the revolution were executed. Robespierre's growing paranoia led to his own downfall and execution in 1794, ending the Reign of Terror.
Ch17sec2
The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that applied scientific reasoning to human society. Key thinkers like Isaac Newton, John Locke, and philosophers called "Philosophes" used reason to critique religious and political institutions and argue for ideas like separation of powers, religious tolerance, and equality. Their works spread new ideas through growing publications and salons, though most Europeans still identified as Christian. The Enlightenment had wide-ranging effects on science, politics, economics, and society.
Ch17sec3
The document summarizes the impact of the Enlightenment on architecture, art, music, literature, philosophy, and politics in the 18th century. Architectural styles became more ornate with fancy decorations, light, and bright colors. In art, Rococo style emphasized grace, charm, and pleasure. The greatest period of European music included Baroque and Classical styles from composers like Bach, Handel, Haydn, and Mozart. Novels grew more popular among the middle class, exemplified by Henry Fielding. Enlightened monarchs like Frederick the Great and Joseph II tried to incorporate Enlightenment principles while maintaining power, with varying degrees of success or failure. International conflicts included the War of Austrian Succession and Seven
The age of absolutism
Philip II of Spain assembled a huge naval force called the Spanish Armada to invade England in 1588, in response to English attacks on Spanish ships and cities, but the Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy, marking the beginning of the decline of the Spanish empire. Religious wars erupted between Catholics and Protestants in France, culminating in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, until Henry IV converted to Catholicism while still granting religious toleration. Louis XIII strengthened the French monarchy by appointing the powerful Cardinal Richelieu as his advisor and designating the young Louis XIV as the next king.
Struggle for north america
France claimed territory in North America called New France, which included the Great Lakes region, Mississippi River Valley, and Louisiana. New France was profitable for fur trapping, trading, and fishing. Only Catholics were allowed to settle there under King Louis XIV. England established its first permanent colony at Jamestown in 1607 focused on tobacco, while the Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620 seeking religious freedom. The colonies practiced self-government, with each having its own representative assembly to make local decisions.
The search for spices
The document summarizes the key motivations and events that led to the Age of Exploration. It discusses how the search for spices drove Portuguese exploration down the coast of Africa. It then outlines some of the major voyages including Diaz rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, Vasco da Gama reaching India, and Columbus sailing west hoping to find a route to Asia but landing in the Caribbean instead. Finally, it briefly discusses the rise of the slave trade and growing European colonial presence in Africa.
The renaissance in the north
The printing press, invented by Johann Gutenberg, mass produced books and made them more affordable. This helped spread ideas and contributed to the Northern Renaissance. Flanders was a center of this intellectual movement, where artists like Jan van Eyck, Pieter Bruegel, and Peter Paul Rubens flourished. Albrecht Dürer was a renowned German painter and engraver who portrayed religious themes. Humanists like Erasmus and Thomas More promoted educational and religious reform through their writings.
Reformation ideas spread
The document discusses the English Reformation and the rise of Protestant sects. It describes how King Henry VIII established the Church of England after breaking from Catholicism to divorce his wife. It also discusses his six marriages and the reigns of his children Edward VI and Mary Tudor, with Mary trying to return England to Catholicism. The document concludes that Elizabeth brought a religious compromise and unity to England with the Elizabethan Settlement that made it a Protestant nation with Catholic traditions.
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Ch1 sec1 pt1
- 2. The State Aristotle- Greek scholar- one of the first to study government Politics Democracy Republic Thanks ancient Greece and Rome!
- 3. The Nation-State State- political community that occupies a definite territory and has organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval form any higher authority. (Different meaning in U.S.) Nation- group of people united in common bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes religion. Often called a nation-state basically the same as a country. Close to 200 countries in the world today.
- 5. Essential Features of a State Population Territory Sovereignty Government
- 6. Population The people of a state Consensus (agreement) about social and political beliefs = stable government Ex: most Americans value democracy = U.S. has a fairly stable government
- 7. Population Mobility = shifts in power States with more people get more power. Top 3 states with the most representatives in the House: 1. California 2. Texas 3. New York
- 8. Territory Established boundaries Often a source of conflict in some countries Boundaries may change due to war, negotiations or purchase. U.S. has expanded its boundaries numerous times (from 13 states to 50!)
- 9. Territory
- 10. Sovereignty The state has supreme and absolute authority within its boundaries. In theory, no state has the right to interfere with the internal affairs of another state. In reality, states with more money and larger militaries have more power than states who have less. Is this fair?
- 11. Government Every state has some form of government. Used to maintain social order, provide public services, and enforce decisions that bind all people within the state.
- 12. Theories of the Origin of the State How did government come to be? Why did people create government?
- 13. Evolutionary Theory State evolved from the family Head of the family served as government authority Large extended families lived together and followed/obeyed one patriarch or father figure of the family. Ex: Abraham and his descendents in The Old Testament of The Bible.
- 14. Force Theory Government emerged when all the people over an area were forced under the rule of one person or group. People had to band together to protect their cities from invasions.
- 15. Divine Right Theory A god or gods chose certain people to rule by divine right The Egyptians, Chinese, and Aztec all believed their rulers were chosen by the gods. European kings and queens also claimed to be chosen by God (because they were born into royalty.) To question their authority meant you were questioning God!
- 16. Social Contract Theory Challenges divine right theory Thomas Hobbes In a state of nature, no government exists Without govt to protect people from each other life would be “nasty, brutish, and short.” People surrender power in exchange for protection. People do not have the
- 17. Social Contract Theory John Locke People naturally endowed to the rights of life, liberty, and property People gave up power to preserve their rights If the govt failed to preserve their rights, the people had the right to break the social contract. When the U.S. declared its independence, it cited John Locke’s philosophies.
- 18. Split up into groups of four. You may have less, but no more than four. 1. List the 4 essential features of a state. 2. List the 4 theories of the Origin of the state. 3. Discuss each origin theory and decide which one your group agrees with most. Explain why you picked that theory. 4. Are humans born with certain rights? List some rights you think all humans are born with. 5. If you were stuck on an island with the people in your group, how would you ensure that each person’s rights were protected? 6. Would one person be in charge (who and why?) or would you all share equal power? 7. How would resources (food, shelter, water) be divided on the island? Would the person who does the most work get the most food, or would you all share the food equally?