This document provides a review sheet for a body works unit test. It includes definitions of key vocabulary terms like hypothesis, sensory neuron, and mean. It also describes the roles and functions of major body systems and organs related to digestion, respiration, and movement. Examples given include that the alveoli in the lungs are where gas exchange occurs and that the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and liver all play a part in digesting a burrito. The review sheet also addresses the structure of bones, types of muscles, and how muscles and bones work together through joints and tendons.

1. Name _______________________________________ Date____________ Class___________
Body Works Unit Test Review Sheet
Vocabulary
Hypothesis: An educated guess. “If …… then….. because”
Sensory Neuron: A nerve cell that senses the environment
Mean (average): The total of a sdet of numbers divided by the amount of numbers in the set.
Evidence: Information or data that provides proof
Inference: A conclusion based on evidence.
Observation: to look at something very carefully
Constant Variable: The variables that need to be kept the same each time you do an experiment.
Control Group: a group that you compare your experimental data to
Sample Size: The number of people, or things, that are studied in an experiment.
Reproducible: easy to copy or repeat.
Variable: A factor that can change <IV- the factor you are studying DV- The data you are collecting>
Mouth: Entry way for digestive and respiratory system, site of mechanical (teeth) and chemical (saliva)
digestion.
Nose: Entry way for the respiratory system
Trachea: Wind pipe, connects mouth and nose to the lungs
Lungs: Main organ of the respiratory system that absorbs oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
Alveoli: Tiny sacs (grape like) in the lungs that where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes
place.
Esophagus: Food tube that connects your mouth to your stomach.
Stomach: Stretchy muscular sac that digests food mechanically and chemically
Qualitative: Descriptive data (Green, Tall etc.)
Quantitative: Number data (number of baskets
Tendon: Connects muscle to bone

2. Liver: Organ that produces Bile for digesting fats, breaks down toxins and regulates sugar in your blood.
Mechanical Breakdown: The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.
Chemical Breakdown: The chemical breakdown of food into smaller pieces (or nutrients).
1. Describe the role of the following organ systems:
a. Skeletal: The system consisting of bones that provides structure for the body, protection
to organs, stores minerals, and makes blood cells (long/flat bones)
b. Respiratory: A system of organs that work together to take oxygen into the nody and
remove carbon dioxide.
c. Digestive : A system of organs that work together to digest food. (Mouth -> Esophagus -
> Stomach -> Small Intestine -> Large Intestine)
d. Muscular : the system of organs that helps move various body parts.
2. What role do alveoli play in getting oxygen into your body?
The alveoli are the place where the blood cells drop off carbon dioxide and take up oxygen to deliver
to your cells! You have 600 million of them in your lungs!
3. Describe the structure of the bone?
It is compact (hard) on the outside and spongy on the inside. This makes our bones strong and
light!
4. Imagine you are eating a Burrito, what organs would the burrito pass through as it goes through
the digestive system? Be sure to describe where mechanical and chemical breakdown are
occurring and what each organ is contributing to the digestive systems function.
Mouth- mechanical (teeth) Chemical (saliva)
Esophagus- moves food to stomach in 10 seconds
Stomach- Mechanical (churning muscles) Chemical (acid)
Liver and Pancreas- spray chemical onto food to neutralize it and break up fats as it enters the
small intestine.
Small intestine- Most chemical digestion, Villi absorb nutrients into blood
Large Intestine- Form solid waste and reabsorb water into your blood.
5. Describe how the human body is organized starting with its simplest to most complex.
Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems

3. 6. Explain the role joints play in movement?
Joints are where bones meet and control the movements of your skeleton. (review types)
7. What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal – moves skeleton
Smooth- automatic (found in organs…especially digestive system)
Cardiac- Heart Muscle
8. How are the muscular and skeletal systems work together?
The muscles move your bones as they are connected by the tendons, which act as wires that pull on
the bones when the muscle is contracted. (made smaller)