The civil rights movement sought to end segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key events and figures included the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments granting rights to freed slaves after the Civil War but were undermined by the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson Supreme Court decision establishing "separate but equal". Brown v Board of Education in 1954 ruled segregation unconstitutional. The Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK Jr began in 1955 after Rosa Parks' arrest. Sit-ins and freedom rides continued non-violent protests. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act were passed after violent events like Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama.
The document discusses quotes from the 1920s that capture the spirit and culture of the era. Al Capone's quote about using kindness and a gun to get ahead reflects the lawlessness of the time. Warren G. Harding's quote promotes a return to normalcy after World War I and the 1918 flu pandemic. Marcus Garvey's quote encourages African Americans to accomplish their goals and take control of their destiny.
The document summarizes key events and developments in the Civil Rights movement in the United States, including important Supreme Court cases (Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education), civil rights legislation (Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965), and influential figures and events (Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball, Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech). Key amendments to the Constitution and executive orders aimed to abolish slavery and provide equal protection under the law.
The document outlines key events in the American Civil Rights Movement from the Reconstruction Era to the 1960s. It discusses pivotal court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson, which legalized segregation, and Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned it. Major nonviolent protests led by Martin Luther King Jr. and organizations like the SCLC, SNCC, and CORE are also summarized, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and March on Washington. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 are noted as important victories for the movement.
Post-war United States faced rising inflation, race riots, and fear of communism. The Red Scare led to crackdowns on labor unions and immigration restrictions. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and empowered organized crime. Women gained suffrage and new social freedoms as flappers. The Roaring 20s saw economic growth through mass production, consumerism, and credit. New technologies like cars, radios, and airplanes transformed society.
The 1912 US presidential election saw significant divisions within both major parties. The Republican candidate was incumbent William Howard Taft, who advocated for conservatism. He faced challenges from former president Theodore Roosevelt of the Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party and Democrat Woodrow Wilson. Roosevelt called for expanded federal power to protect workers and consumers. Wilson campaigned on a "New Freedom" platform against trusts and in favor of reduced tariffs. The Socialist Party candidate was Eugene Debs, who advocated the abolition of capitalism. Wilson ultimately won the election over Taft and Roosevelt, taking 435 electoral votes on his reform agenda.
The Reconstruction of the South summarizes the period after the Civil War when the United States sought to reintegrate the Confederate states and protect the rights of freed slaves. It describes the competing plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Radical Republicans to rebuild the South. Ultimately, Reconstruction ended in 1877 with the Compromise that withdrew federal troops and oversight from the South.
Overview of the African American Civil Rights movement in the 1950s & 1960s. Modified from "Unit 9 Power Point Civil Rights Unit" by Crosswinds High School.
The civil rights movement gained momentum after WWII with Truman desegregating the military and FDR banning discrimination. The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling declared segregation unconstitutional, though southern states resisted. Key events in the 1950s-60s included the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, sit-ins by students, and the March on Washington where MLK delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act were passed after violent protests in Birmingham and elsewhere.
The document discusses quotes from the 1920s that capture the spirit and culture of the era. Al Capone's quote about using kindness and a gun to get ahead reflects the lawlessness of the time. Warren G. Harding's quote promotes a return to normalcy after World War I and the 1918 flu pandemic. Marcus Garvey's quote encourages African Americans to accomplish their goals and take control of their destiny.
The document summarizes key events and developments in the Civil Rights movement in the United States, including important Supreme Court cases (Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education), civil rights legislation (Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965), and influential figures and events (Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball, Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech). Key amendments to the Constitution and executive orders aimed to abolish slavery and provide equal protection under the law.
The document outlines key events in the American Civil Rights Movement from the Reconstruction Era to the 1960s. It discusses pivotal court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson, which legalized segregation, and Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned it. Major nonviolent protests led by Martin Luther King Jr. and organizations like the SCLC, SNCC, and CORE are also summarized, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and March on Washington. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 are noted as important victories for the movement.
Post-war United States faced rising inflation, race riots, and fear of communism. The Red Scare led to crackdowns on labor unions and immigration restrictions. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and empowered organized crime. Women gained suffrage and new social freedoms as flappers. The Roaring 20s saw economic growth through mass production, consumerism, and credit. New technologies like cars, radios, and airplanes transformed society.
The 1912 US presidential election saw significant divisions within both major parties. The Republican candidate was incumbent William Howard Taft, who advocated for conservatism. He faced challenges from former president Theodore Roosevelt of the Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party and Democrat Woodrow Wilson. Roosevelt called for expanded federal power to protect workers and consumers. Wilson campaigned on a "New Freedom" platform against trusts and in favor of reduced tariffs. The Socialist Party candidate was Eugene Debs, who advocated the abolition of capitalism. Wilson ultimately won the election over Taft and Roosevelt, taking 435 electoral votes on his reform agenda.
The Reconstruction of the South summarizes the period after the Civil War when the United States sought to reintegrate the Confederate states and protect the rights of freed slaves. It describes the competing plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Radical Republicans to rebuild the South. Ultimately, Reconstruction ended in 1877 with the Compromise that withdrew federal troops and oversight from the South.
Overview of the African American Civil Rights movement in the 1950s & 1960s. Modified from "Unit 9 Power Point Civil Rights Unit" by Crosswinds High School.
The civil rights movement gained momentum after WWII with Truman desegregating the military and FDR banning discrimination. The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling declared segregation unconstitutional, though southern states resisted. Key events in the 1950s-60s included the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, sit-ins by students, and the March on Washington where MLK delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act were passed after violent protests in Birmingham and elsewhere.
The document summarizes the Reconstruction period after the American Civil War. It describes how the South was devastated after the war and needed to be rebuilt. Reconstruction involved reunifying the nation, establishing the Freedmen's Bureau to help former slaves, and readmitting Confederate states to the Union. However, Southern states passed Black Codes limiting black freedoms, and the Ku Klux Klan emerged targeting blacks and Republicans. Disagreements over Reconstruction policies led to the impeachment of President Johnson. Segregation and Jim Crow laws later enforced racial separation until being outlawed in the 1960s after the Civil Rights Movement.
Westward expansion from 1865 to 1914 led to significant changes across the United States. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 sparked the Gold Rush, drawing thousands of prospectors West in search of wealth. This period also saw the expansion of the cattle industry, growth of the railroad system, and an influx of homesteaders and immigrants seeking land and opportunity. However, westward settlement increasingly came into conflict with Native American tribes, leading to broken treaties, warfare, and the eventual confinement of most tribes to reservations by the late 19th century.
This is the last of a series of lectures on African American history from the Civil War to the 1st WW. It covers the era of the Great Migration, focusing on their living conditions in the South and reasons that lead them to head of the North in such great numbers. The quiz with results is included.
The Civil Rights Movement began nearly 100 years after the Civil War to combat discrimination against African Americans. In the 1950s and 1960s, civil rights organizations and leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for desegregation and equal rights through nonviolent protests, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This led to important victories like the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned segregation in public places. However, discrimination continued in other areas like education, employment, and criminal justice.
The document discusses the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments passed after the Civil War and Reconstruction. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery. The 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal rights to all people, prohibiting states from denying rights without due process. It also guaranteed due process, requiring a fair trial before government can take away rights. The 15th Amendment gave all men the right to vote regardless of race.
This document summarizes the Trail of Tears, which was the forced relocation of the Cherokee nation in the 1830s. It describes how the Indian Removal Act allowed the government to remove Native Americans from the Southeast to lands west of the Mississippi. Specifically, it discusses how the Cherokee refused to leave Georgia, resulting in the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that Georgia had no right to remove them. However, President Jackson ignored this ruling. In 1838, over 7,000 troops forced the Cherokee on the trail west, resulting in thousands of deaths from disease and hardship along the 800-mile journey.
The Monroe Doctrine established that European powers should not interfere or colonize in the Americas. It was a response to concerns that European powers, through the Holy Alliance, wanted to reestablish control over former Spanish colonies that had gained independence. While not an actual law, the doctrine asserted that further European colonization in the Americas would be viewed as aggression towards the United States. It supported Washington's isolationist policies and established the US as the dominant power in the Americas.
The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. Caused by cultural decline, muckrakers exposing issues, and economic changes from industrialization, progressives fought for reforms addressing issues like corruption, child labor, women's suffrage, and prohibition. Key leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert LaFollette. Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism with trust busting and consumer protections. Wilson advocated a New Freedom through antitrust acts and the Federal Reserve. Women and African Americans also led important reform movements during this era of social change.
This document provides information about several key Founding Fathers of the United States:
- George Washington was the first president and had a commanding presence due to his height and leadership qualities.
- Thomas Paine wrote influential pamphlets like Common Sense and The Crisis that inspired the revolutionary spirit.
- Benjamin Franklin played an important diplomatic role in securing an alliance with France and signed several important documents of the Revolutionary era.
- The document includes brief biographies of other Founding Fathers like Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and John Adams and their contributions to the American Revolution and new government.
Westward expansion between 1803-1853 led to the acquisition of new territories across North America through treaties, purchases, and war. This included the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Florida in 1819, Texas in 1845, Oregon Country in 1846, Mexican Cession in 1848, and Gadsden Purchase in 1853. The expansion heightened regional tensions between the North, South, and West over the issues of slavery, states' rights, and the power of the federal government.
The document summarizes key events and developments in the civil rights movement between 1954 and 1965, including Brown v. Board of Education which overturned racial segregation in public schools, the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK Jr., integration challenges at Little Rock Central High School and the University of Mississippi, sit-ins at segregated lunch counters, Freedom Rides to integrate bus facilities, and landmark civil rights legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.
This document provides an overview of the Progressive Era in the United States between the 1890s and 1920s. It describes how political machines corrupted local governments and how muckrakers exposed issues through investigative journalism. The Progressive movement aimed to curb the excesses of big business and promote social justice. Reforms included strengthening antitrust laws, passing food and drug safety acts, and giving women the right to vote through the 19th Amendment. However, minorities still faced widespread discrimination, lynching, and exclusion from many reforms during this era of social change.
The document provides an overview of progressive reforms that took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States. It discusses political machines and corruption at this time. It also summarizes reforms to working conditions, such as restrictions on child labor and improved workplace safety after disasters like the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. Women's suffrage and the temperance movement are covered as are early civil rights leaders seeking racial equality. The document concludes by outlining some progressive presidents and their policies around trust-busting, banking reforms, and consumer protection.
The Mexican-American War resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States and losses for Mexico. The US acquired over 500,000 square miles of Mexican territory, including the modern-day states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado. This increased US territory by nearly 50%. While Mexico suffered the loss of land and stability, the war did bring an end to the fighting and Mexico received financial compensation of $18.25 million from the US in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Overall, the territorial expansion strengthened the US while weakening Mexico.
During the American Civil Rights Movement from 1954-1965, African Americans fought for equal rights through various protests and court cases. Key events included the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling that mandated desegregation of schools, the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK Jr., and the March on Washington where MLK delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech calling for racial equality. This nonviolent protest movement helped spur passage of landmark civil rights legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.
HIS-144-RS-Development of the American Economy Worksheet (1).docxTiffanyLewis62
1. Henry Clay designed the American System after the War of 1812 to enhance the nation's economy through a national bank, tariffs, and infrastructure projects like roads and canals. The system aimed to balance trade, industry, and agriculture.
2. In the early 1800s, the U.S. saw a transportation revolution with new roads, canals, railroads, and steamboats built, funded by taxes. These improved transportation networks allowed for more trade and easier travel compared to walking.
3. After the Civil War, two major industries were railroads and steel. Powerful businessmen who controlled these industries prospered due to their influence over getting the industries to cooperate rather than compete.
The document provides an overview of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs from 1933 to 1938 to address the Great Depression. It describes the three R's of the New Deal: Relief to provide immediate aid, Recovery through stimulus programs, and Reform through permanent regulations. Major New Deal agencies included the CCC, WPA, PWA, AAA, SEC, FDIC and Social Security. The New Deal faced criticism for not going far enough to help women and African Americans or being too socialist. By the late 1930s, the economy had recovered and union membership increased, but the recession of 1937 showed the recovery was not complete.
Introduction
Government role on taxation/spending
Who was Bill Clinton?
Bill Clinton Presidency
Budget Deficits
US Economy/Clinton
Banking/Financial Services / Clinton
Income inequality
Job Creation/Clinton
PMI Index
Corporate Tax
Medium Income
Housing Starts
Interest Rates
Trade Deficits
The Radical Republicans took control of Reconstruction after Lincoln's assassination. They established the Freedmen's Bureau to help former slaves and passed the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. However, white supremacist groups like the KKK used violence and intimidation. Rufus Bullock became governor of Georgia but unrest continued until military rule was restored. The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction, leaving the South under Democratic control.
Essay on The Civil Rights Movement
Essay on The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
Essay on Civil Rights Movement and Women´s Right
Essay on The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement (1955- 1965) Essay
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
Essay on The Impact of the Civil Rights Movement
Essay on The Civil Rights Movement: Malcolm X
Essay About The Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement struggled against racial injustice beginning after World War II. The Supreme Court declared school segregation unconstitutional in the 1950s. African Americans continued facing discrimination and searching for ways to overcome it. Major events and figures included the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King Jr., the Little Rock Nine integrating schools in Arkansas despite opposition, lunch counter sit-ins spreading across the South, Freedom Riders challenging bus segregation, the March on Washington featuring King's "I Have a Dream" speech, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 addressing legal segregation and discrimination. Violence was met with nonviolent protest.
The document summarizes the Reconstruction period after the American Civil War. It describes how the South was devastated after the war and needed to be rebuilt. Reconstruction involved reunifying the nation, establishing the Freedmen's Bureau to help former slaves, and readmitting Confederate states to the Union. However, Southern states passed Black Codes limiting black freedoms, and the Ku Klux Klan emerged targeting blacks and Republicans. Disagreements over Reconstruction policies led to the impeachment of President Johnson. Segregation and Jim Crow laws later enforced racial separation until being outlawed in the 1960s after the Civil Rights Movement.
Westward expansion from 1865 to 1914 led to significant changes across the United States. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 sparked the Gold Rush, drawing thousands of prospectors West in search of wealth. This period also saw the expansion of the cattle industry, growth of the railroad system, and an influx of homesteaders and immigrants seeking land and opportunity. However, westward settlement increasingly came into conflict with Native American tribes, leading to broken treaties, warfare, and the eventual confinement of most tribes to reservations by the late 19th century.
This is the last of a series of lectures on African American history from the Civil War to the 1st WW. It covers the era of the Great Migration, focusing on their living conditions in the South and reasons that lead them to head of the North in such great numbers. The quiz with results is included.
The Civil Rights Movement began nearly 100 years after the Civil War to combat discrimination against African Americans. In the 1950s and 1960s, civil rights organizations and leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for desegregation and equal rights through nonviolent protests, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This led to important victories like the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned segregation in public places. However, discrimination continued in other areas like education, employment, and criminal justice.
The document discusses the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments passed after the Civil War and Reconstruction. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery. The 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal rights to all people, prohibiting states from denying rights without due process. It also guaranteed due process, requiring a fair trial before government can take away rights. The 15th Amendment gave all men the right to vote regardless of race.
This document summarizes the Trail of Tears, which was the forced relocation of the Cherokee nation in the 1830s. It describes how the Indian Removal Act allowed the government to remove Native Americans from the Southeast to lands west of the Mississippi. Specifically, it discusses how the Cherokee refused to leave Georgia, resulting in the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that Georgia had no right to remove them. However, President Jackson ignored this ruling. In 1838, over 7,000 troops forced the Cherokee on the trail west, resulting in thousands of deaths from disease and hardship along the 800-mile journey.
The Monroe Doctrine established that European powers should not interfere or colonize in the Americas. It was a response to concerns that European powers, through the Holy Alliance, wanted to reestablish control over former Spanish colonies that had gained independence. While not an actual law, the doctrine asserted that further European colonization in the Americas would be viewed as aggression towards the United States. It supported Washington's isolationist policies and established the US as the dominant power in the Americas.
The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. Caused by cultural decline, muckrakers exposing issues, and economic changes from industrialization, progressives fought for reforms addressing issues like corruption, child labor, women's suffrage, and prohibition. Key leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert LaFollette. Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism with trust busting and consumer protections. Wilson advocated a New Freedom through antitrust acts and the Federal Reserve. Women and African Americans also led important reform movements during this era of social change.
This document provides information about several key Founding Fathers of the United States:
- George Washington was the first president and had a commanding presence due to his height and leadership qualities.
- Thomas Paine wrote influential pamphlets like Common Sense and The Crisis that inspired the revolutionary spirit.
- Benjamin Franklin played an important diplomatic role in securing an alliance with France and signed several important documents of the Revolutionary era.
- The document includes brief biographies of other Founding Fathers like Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and John Adams and their contributions to the American Revolution and new government.
Westward expansion between 1803-1853 led to the acquisition of new territories across North America through treaties, purchases, and war. This included the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Florida in 1819, Texas in 1845, Oregon Country in 1846, Mexican Cession in 1848, and Gadsden Purchase in 1853. The expansion heightened regional tensions between the North, South, and West over the issues of slavery, states' rights, and the power of the federal government.
The document summarizes key events and developments in the civil rights movement between 1954 and 1965, including Brown v. Board of Education which overturned racial segregation in public schools, the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK Jr., integration challenges at Little Rock Central High School and the University of Mississippi, sit-ins at segregated lunch counters, Freedom Rides to integrate bus facilities, and landmark civil rights legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.
This document provides an overview of the Progressive Era in the United States between the 1890s and 1920s. It describes how political machines corrupted local governments and how muckrakers exposed issues through investigative journalism. The Progressive movement aimed to curb the excesses of big business and promote social justice. Reforms included strengthening antitrust laws, passing food and drug safety acts, and giving women the right to vote through the 19th Amendment. However, minorities still faced widespread discrimination, lynching, and exclusion from many reforms during this era of social change.
The document provides an overview of progressive reforms that took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States. It discusses political machines and corruption at this time. It also summarizes reforms to working conditions, such as restrictions on child labor and improved workplace safety after disasters like the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. Women's suffrage and the temperance movement are covered as are early civil rights leaders seeking racial equality. The document concludes by outlining some progressive presidents and their policies around trust-busting, banking reforms, and consumer protection.
The Mexican-American War resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States and losses for Mexico. The US acquired over 500,000 square miles of Mexican territory, including the modern-day states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado. This increased US territory by nearly 50%. While Mexico suffered the loss of land and stability, the war did bring an end to the fighting and Mexico received financial compensation of $18.25 million from the US in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Overall, the territorial expansion strengthened the US while weakening Mexico.
During the American Civil Rights Movement from 1954-1965, African Americans fought for equal rights through various protests and court cases. Key events included the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling that mandated desegregation of schools, the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK Jr., and the March on Washington where MLK delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech calling for racial equality. This nonviolent protest movement helped spur passage of landmark civil rights legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.
HIS-144-RS-Development of the American Economy Worksheet (1).docxTiffanyLewis62
1. Henry Clay designed the American System after the War of 1812 to enhance the nation's economy through a national bank, tariffs, and infrastructure projects like roads and canals. The system aimed to balance trade, industry, and agriculture.
2. In the early 1800s, the U.S. saw a transportation revolution with new roads, canals, railroads, and steamboats built, funded by taxes. These improved transportation networks allowed for more trade and easier travel compared to walking.
3. After the Civil War, two major industries were railroads and steel. Powerful businessmen who controlled these industries prospered due to their influence over getting the industries to cooperate rather than compete.
The document provides an overview of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs from 1933 to 1938 to address the Great Depression. It describes the three R's of the New Deal: Relief to provide immediate aid, Recovery through stimulus programs, and Reform through permanent regulations. Major New Deal agencies included the CCC, WPA, PWA, AAA, SEC, FDIC and Social Security. The New Deal faced criticism for not going far enough to help women and African Americans or being too socialist. By the late 1930s, the economy had recovered and union membership increased, but the recession of 1937 showed the recovery was not complete.
Introduction
Government role on taxation/spending
Who was Bill Clinton?
Bill Clinton Presidency
Budget Deficits
US Economy/Clinton
Banking/Financial Services / Clinton
Income inequality
Job Creation/Clinton
PMI Index
Corporate Tax
Medium Income
Housing Starts
Interest Rates
Trade Deficits
The Radical Republicans took control of Reconstruction after Lincoln's assassination. They established the Freedmen's Bureau to help former slaves and passed the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. However, white supremacist groups like the KKK used violence and intimidation. Rufus Bullock became governor of Georgia but unrest continued until military rule was restored. The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction, leaving the South under Democratic control.
Essay on The Civil Rights Movement
Essay on The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
Essay on Civil Rights Movement and Women´s Right
Essay on The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
Essay On The Civil Rights Movement
Essay On Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement (1955- 1965) Essay
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
The Civil Rights Movement Essay
Essay on The Impact of the Civil Rights Movement
Essay on The Civil Rights Movement: Malcolm X
Essay About The Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement struggled against racial injustice beginning after World War II. The Supreme Court declared school segregation unconstitutional in the 1950s. African Americans continued facing discrimination and searching for ways to overcome it. Major events and figures included the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King Jr., the Little Rock Nine integrating schools in Arkansas despite opposition, lunch counter sit-ins spreading across the South, Freedom Riders challenging bus segregation, the March on Washington featuring King's "I Have a Dream" speech, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 addressing legal segregation and discrimination. Violence was met with nonviolent protest.
The Civil Rights Era & Post War America by Lexi MalpassLexi Malpass
This document provides summaries of key events and figures in the civil rights movement in the United States between the 1950s-1970s. It describes Brown v. Board of Education which overturned racial segregation in schools, the Montgomery Bus Boycott sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest, Martin Luther King Jr.'s leadership in the civil rights movement, the Greensboro Sit-Ins, the March on Washington and King's "I Have a Dream" speech, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and Roe v. Wade which legalized abortion. It also mentions the Latino, African American, feminist, and counterculture movements during this era.
While progress has been made, African Americans still face challenges in achieving full equality, justice and equal treatment under the law. More work remains to dismantle systemic racism and ensure all people are treated fairly regardless of race.
The document discusses the progression of civil rights in the US from 1896 to 1968 through five key examples:
1) Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954 banned school segregation, helping to desegregate schools.
2) The 1956 Montgomery bus boycotts, led by Rosa Parks, lasted 381 days and showed that African Americans would not tolerate abuse on buses.
3) The 1960 Greensboro sit-ins sparked similar non-violent protests across the South to desegregate facilities like lunch counters.
4) Freedom Rides in 1961 tested if African Americans could access public transportation across states, exposing dangerous areas of discrimination.
5) The 1963 March on Washington united over 250,000 people behind
Martin Luther King, Jr. was the single most important leader of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. He advocated for non-violent protests and civil disobedience to end segregation and achieve racial equality. Key events he was involved in included the Montgomery Bus Boycott starting in 1955 and the March on Washington in 1963, where he delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. The 1965 Selma marches, where peaceful protesters were violently attacked by police, helped spur the passage of the Voting Rights Act later that year.
The document provides an overview of the history of human rights from 1945 to 2015. It discusses the establishment of the United Nations after World War 2 to prevent future wars and improve international relations. It then outlines the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 as the first global human rights document addressing individual and group rights. The document also mentions the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights which enforced the UDHR in 1976.
The document lists 10 pivotal civil rights events: Brown v. Board of Education ended school segregation; the murder of Emmett Till motivated the civil rights movement; the Montgomery Bus Boycott protested segregated buses and elevated Martin Luther King Jr; the Little Rock Nine desegregated a high school; the Albany Movement protested segregation but failed its goals; the March on Washington featured Martin Luther King Jr's "I Have a Dream" speech; the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing increased support for civil rights; the Selma March protested voting rights restrictions; the Civil Rights Act of 1964 legally ended public discrimination; and Freedom Riders tested desegregation of interstate buses.
we know that sometimes we have to do it late rbut struggling is possible than we havce to do it fasdt for sometime we civil engineers obey our teachers and there demand
The document provides background information on the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the 1950s to 1970s. It describes how prior to the movement, racial segregation and discrimination were enforced through Jim Crow laws in the South and de facto segregation in the North. Key events that advanced civil rights included the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in 1954 declaring segregated schools unconstitutional, the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956 protesting segregation in public transit, and the March on Washington in 1963 where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 were passed to prohibit racial segregation and discrimination. The movement achieved many victories but also faced ongoing
The Civil Rights Movement from 1954-1968 aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key leaders included Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Major accomplishments were the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling declaring segregation unconstitutional, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 banning discrimination, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protecting voting rights. Nonviolent protests like bus boycotts and sit-ins brought national attention to the cause of racial equality.
The document summarizes key events and organizations in the early and modern civil rights movements. It outlines factors that led to the legalization of Jim Crow laws after Plessy v. Ferguson, and profiles leaders like Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Marcus Garvey who advocated for different approaches to addressing discrimination. It also discusses pivotal court cases like Brown v. Board of Education, organizations like CORE and SNCC, and nonviolent protests like the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Freedom Rides that challenged segregation laws in the 1950s-1960s. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed as a result of these campaigns.
In 1961, civil rights activists from the Congress of Racial Equality rode buses into segregated southern states to protest racial segregation in public transportation, which had recently been ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Boynton v. Virginia. When the buses arrived, the activists were assaulted by violent mobs. Undeterred, the activists continued their journey, facing further attacks but ultimately helping to end segregation policies through their non-violent protests, which came to be known as the Freedom Rides. Stanley Nelson's documentary about the Freedom Rides aimed to bring greater awareness to their bravery and importance in advancing civil rights.
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine. This was a major victory for the civil rights movement. Medgar Evers, a prominent NAACP leader, was assassinated in 1963, further galvanizing the movement. Later that year, the peaceful March on Washington brought extensive national attention to the cause and helped lead to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Montgomery Bus Boycott from 1955-1956 desegregated public transit through nonviolent protest.
The document summarizes key events and figures in the US Civil Rights Movement from the 1860s through the 1960s. It describes how abolitionists like Frederick Douglass fought slavery, while the Reconstruction Era after the Civil War saw some progress with blacks gaining rights. However, Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation. The NAACP and figures like MLK and Rosa Parks led the nonviolent resistance movement using tactics like bus boycotts, sit-ins, and marches. This resulted in landmark legislation like the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act, though violence from groups like the KKK remained a threat.
How did WWI and its aftermath provide African Americans with opportu.pdfanjandavid
How did WWI and its aftermath provide African Americans with opportunities? Discuss W.E.B.
DuBois and the rise of the NAACP. Discuss Marcus Garvey and the rise of Garveyism. 5-7
sentences for answer
Solution
For most of the African American soldiers, serving in World War I had provided them a broaden
social , political, geographical and cultural acceptance in the society, As they received the
opportunity to travel the different locations of the country, and more than 200000 African-
American soldiers served in other countries to various part of the globe, had really improved the
life experience to these soldiers.
NAACP was founded on 12th Feb 1909 and it is considered to be the oldest, largest and most
widely recognized grassroots-based civil right organization in the United States. NAACP was
mainly constituted in response to the increasing horrific incidents of lynching and the race riots
which resulted in the year 1908 in Springfield. Following the racial violence against the Afro-
Americans, Mary White Ovington, and Oswald Garrison Villard, both the descendants of
abolitionists, William English Walling and Dr. Henry Moscowitz issued a call for a meeting to
discuss racial justice. Almost 60 individuals out of them 7 were Afro-American including W. E.
B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Mary Church Terrell signed a declaration which was
released on the occasion of the centennial of Lincoln’s birth..
The document compares and contrasts the preambles and structures of government between the Colorado and U.S. Constitutions. Both preambles share similar language around forming a more perfect government and promoting general welfare. The structures are also similar, with three branches of government and a governor/president as head. However, the Colorado Constitution has more conditions for removal of state judges, such as becoming 72 years old, conviction of a crime, or decision by voters or a disciplinary commission. It also differs in that governors appoint judges to vacancies from nominees selected by citizens, rather than requiring "advice and consent" from the legislative branch as with federal judges.
The document compares and contrasts the preambles and structures of government between the US Constitution and the Colorado Constitution.
Specifically, it notes that the preambles of both constitutions share similar language around forming a more perfect union, establishing justice, ensuring domestic tranquility, providing common defense, promoting general welfare, and securing blessings of liberty. However, the Colorado Constitution additionally references reverence for the Supreme Ruler of the Universe and forming a more independent government.
It also describes how the structures of the federal and Colorado governments are similar, with three branches, but the governor serves as the head of Colorado state government analogous to the president. The document then focuses on key differences between the two regarding judicial appointments and removal
This document provides an overview of supply, including the definition of supply, the law of supply, differences between supply and quantity supplied, supply schedules, supply curves, factors that can cause supply curves to shift, and elasticity of supply. The key points are:
- Supply is the willingness and ability of sellers to produce and offer goods for sale. The law of supply states that quantity supplied increases as price increases and decreases as price decreases.
- A supply schedule shows quantity supplied at different price levels while a supply curve graphs this relationship. Supply curves typically slope upward but some are vertical.
- Factors like resource prices, technology, taxes, subsidies, quotas, number of sellers, and weather can cause supply
Demand is defined as the willingness and ability to purchase a good. The quantity demanded refers to the actual number of units purchased at a given price. The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. A demand schedule shows the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and can be represented graphically as a demand curve. A shift in the demand curve indicates a change in demand, whereas a movement along the curve represents a change in quantity demanded in response to a price change. Factors that can cause demand to shift include changes in income, preferences, prices of related goods, and the number of consumers.
The document outlines six main economic goals: economic freedom, economic equity, economic efficiency, economic security, economic stability, and economic growth. It provides definitions and examples for each goal. Economic freedom involves individual choice in work and spending. Economic equity centers on fairness and redistribution. Economic efficiency means fulfilling needs with minimal waste. Economic security protects against risks like illness. Economic stability aims for sustained growth without large fluctuations. Economic growth is a sustained rise in production, as measured by GDP, which improves standards of living.
The document provides background information on U.S. imperialism in the late 19th/early 20th century. It discusses several reasons for U.S. imperialism, including global competition with European powers, a desire to expand markets and obtain naval bases, and beliefs in cultural and racial superiority. It also outlines some of America's early imperialist acquisitions like Alaska, Hawaii, and Samoa. The document then discusses U.S. expansion into Asia through events like the Spanish-American War and America's growing influence in China.
This document describes different types of governments. It outlines economic models like capitalism, socialism, and communism. It then explains various political structures for governing a state, including autocracy (monarchy, dictatorship), democracy (representative democracy, direct democracy), oligarchy, totalitarianism, theocracy, and anarchy. Each system is briefly defined in one or two sentences. The document aims to categorize and define the primary forms of government that exist worldwide.
The Civil Rights Movement sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key events and figures included the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments granting rights to freed slaves after the Civil War but being undermined by the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson Supreme Court decision establishing "separate but equal". Brown v Board of Education in 1954 ruled segregation unconstitutional. The Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK Jr. and various protests including sit-ins and marches promoted civil rights. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act were passed after violent confrontations drew national attention to discrimination.
Nixon was elected president in 1968. His presidency was marred by the Watergate scandal, which eventually led to his resignation in 1974. In the late 1970s, the US faced crises like the Iran hostage crisis and rising gas prices due to OPEC embargoes. Ronald Reagan was elected in 1980 on a platform of conservative policies and cutting taxes. His presidency saw an economic recovery and military buildup against the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
The document summarizes several prominent civil rights organizations that were leaders during the Civil Rights Movement:
- The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) engaged in sit-ins and protests in the early 1960s and helped organize Freedom Rides and Freedom Summer to break down legal barriers facing Black Americans.
- The NAACP, founded in 1909, used litigation to challenge racial discrimination and helped integrate public accommodations, though some members had to work secretly due to retaliation.
- The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), founded by Martin Luther King Jr., used nonviolent direct action to desegregate public facilities but struggled after King opposed the Vietnam War.
- The Student Nonviolent Co
The Cold War was the period of tension and conflict between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1980. Major crises during this time included the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and construction of the Berlin Wall. Though the US and USSR were allies in World War 2, their relationship was never truly friendly due to deep distrust that existed even before the war. This distrust stemmed from their opposing political ideologies of capitalism versus communism and led to a strategic competition where the two superpowers vied for influence through proxy wars around the world without direct military conflict.
This document summarizes the key events leading up to America's involvement in World War II, beginning with the rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe and Asia in the early 20th century. It then discusses the expansionist actions of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and militarist Japan in the 1930s, as well as America's initial isolationism. After Germany invaded Poland in 1939, starting WWII in Europe, the document outlines America's increasing support for Britain through Lend-Lease and its entry into the war following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.
The document summarizes opposition to FDR's New Deal programs during the 1930s. There were three main forms of opposition: 1) some felt the New Deal did not go far enough to help the poor, led by figures like Huey Long, Francis Townsend, and Father Coughlin; 2) others in the business community and Republican Party felt the New Deal was too interventionist and undermined free markets; 3) the Supreme Court struck down some New Deal programs as unconstitutional until FDR's court-packing scheme led the court to become less obstructionist.
The document compares and contrasts the constitutions of Colorado and the United States. Both constitutions share similar preambles focused on forming better government and securing individual rights and liberties. However, they differ in how judges can be removed from office and how judicial vacancies are filled. Colorado judges can be removed for reasons like misconduct, disability or reaching age 72, while federal judges have lifetime tenure barring misconduct. Additionally, the US President nominates federal judges subject to Senate approval, whereas Colorado's governor appoints from nominees selected by citizens to initially fill vacancies.
This document compares and contrasts aspects of the Colorado and U.S. Constitutions. Both constitutions share similar preambles focused on forming better government and securing rights and liberties. However, they differ in how judges are selected and retained. Under the U.S. Constitution, federal judges retain their positions for life unless removed for bad behavior. Colorado judges can be removed for bad behavior, conviction of a crime, or reaching age 72. Additionally, Colorado governors appoint state judges from citizen-nominated candidates rather than requiring Senate approval like for federal judges.
Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented his New Deal program to pull the United States out of the Great Depression. The New Deal established programs like the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, and Tennessee Valley Authority. It provided relief, recovery, and reform across many areas of the economy and society through jobs programs, regulation of banks and industry, and development projects. The Hundred Days period saw the rapid passage of 15 major bills establishing these new agencies and reforms.
Letters to officials, letter-writing campaigns, petitions, email and phone campaigns, and demonstrations are options for influencing the public agenda. Letters are read by officials and their staff to gauge public opinion, and should clearly state the issue and position. Letter-writing campaigns can have greater impact by generating many letters. Petitions are like letters but with many signatures to demonstrate support. Email and phone calls are also tracked by officials. Demonstrations can draw media attention but risk public backlash if disruptive or violent.
This document discusses search and seizure laws under the 4th Amendment in schools. It explains that schools can search and seize students' possessions if there is reasonable suspicion, a lower standard than probable cause. Reasonable suspicion depends on factors like how dangerous the item sought is, how reliable the tip was, and how severe the privacy invasion was. The document provides an example of a Supreme Court case where a strip search of a student for Tylenol was found to be unreasonable and discusses debate questions about search policies in schools.
This document discusses search and seizure laws under the 4th Amendment in schools. It explains that schools can search and seize students' possessions if there is "reasonable suspicion" according to a Supreme Court case. The document then discusses factors considered for what constitutes a reasonable search or seizure, such as how dangerous the item searched for is and how reliable the information prompting the search was. It provides an example of a case where a strip search of a student for Tylenol was deemed unreasonable.
1) The document discusses America's emergence as a world power in the late 19th/early 20th century and provides reasons for U.S. imperialism including global competition, cultural superiority, naval bases, and new markets.
2) It examines specific acquisitions and wars including the Spanish-American War, which gave the U.S. colonies in the Caribbean and Pacific, and involvement in Asia, Latin America, and events leading up to WWI.
3) Key factors that pushed the U.S. onto the global stage included a desire to compete with European powers, expand influence, and gain new economic opportunities through trade and resources from foreign territories.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Unit 7 civil rights
1. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTTHE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
The RootsThe Roots
of theof the
CivilCivil
RightsRights
MovementMovement
2. 1313thth
, 14, 14thth
, 15, 15thth
AMENDMENTSAMENDMENTS
RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTSRECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS
1313THTH
AMENDMENTAMENDMENT
OUTLAWED SLAVERYOUTLAWED SLAVERY
1414THTH
AMENDMENTAMENDMENT
MADE AFRICAN AMERICANS CITIZENSMADE AFRICAN AMERICANS CITIZENS
GUARANTEED EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAWGUARANTEED EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW
1515THTH
AMENDMENTAMENDMENT
GUARANTEED AFRICAN AMERICANS THE RIGHT TO VOTEGUARANTEED AFRICAN AMERICANS THE RIGHT TO VOTE
13, 14, 15 – FREE, CITIZENS,VOTE13, 14, 15 – FREE, CITIZENS,VOTE
3. The 13The 13thth
, 14, 14thth
and 15and 15thth
Amendments wereAmendments were
suppose to protect the rights of Africansuppose to protect the rights of African
Americans under the U.S. Constitution…Americans under the U.S. Constitution…
But they did not because of a ruling byBut they did not because of a ruling by
the U.S. Supreme Court…the U.S. Supreme Court…
4. PLESSY v. FERGUSONPLESSY v. FERGUSON (1896)(1896)
Homer PlessyHomer Plessy
U.S. Supreme CourtU.S. Supreme Court
case that madecase that made
segregation legal insegregation legal in
the United Statesthe United States
EstablishedEstablished
the principlethe principle
ofof “separate“separate
but equal”but equal”
5. PLESSY v. FERGUSONPLESSY v. FERGUSON (1896)(1896)
““Separate but equal”Separate but equal”
meant that minoritiesmeant that minorities
were not allowed in thewere not allowed in the
same places as whitessame places as whites
Southern states passedSouthern states passed
laws that legalizedlaws that legalized
segregation known assegregation known as
“Jim Crow” laws“Jim Crow” laws
6. For the next 70For the next 70
years, Jim Crowyears, Jim Crow
laws dominatedlaws dominated
society in thesociety in the
South for AfricanSouth for African
AmericansAmericans
Segregation became theSegregation became the
way of life for blacks inway of life for blacks in
the South until…the South until…
7. BROWNBROWN v.v. BOARDBOARD
of EDUCATIONof EDUCATION (1954)(1954)
African American girlAfrican American girl
sued for the right to gosued for the right to go
to the school of herto the school of her
choice – and WON!choice – and WON!
Ruling overturned theRuling overturned the
ruling in Plessy v.ruling in Plessy v.
Ferguson case andFerguson case and
outlawed segregationoutlawed segregation
in public schoolsin public schools
8. BROWN v. BOARD ofBROWN v. BOARD of
EDUCATIONEDUCATIONSupreme Court ruledSupreme Court ruled
segregation of publicsegregation of public
schools wasschools was
unconstitutionalunconstitutional
Ruling gave improvedRuling gave improved
educational opportunitieseducational opportunities
to African Americansto African Americans
9. BROWN v. BOARD of EDUCATIONBROWN v. BOARD of EDUCATION
NAACP attorneyNAACP attorney
Thurgood MarshallThurgood Marshall
(center) argued the(center) argued the
case to endcase to end
segregationsegregation
Marshall later became the first AfricanMarshall later became the first African
American on the U.S. Supreme CourtAmerican on the U.S. Supreme Court
10. Rosa Parks refusesRosa Parks refuses
to move to the backto move to the back
of the busof the bus
The Movement BeginsThe Movement Begins
Parks is arrested,Parks is arrested,
leading to the…leading to the…
11. Montgomery Bus BoycottMontgomery Bus Boycott
Outraged over ParkOutraged over Park’s arrest, African’s arrest, African
Americans organize a boycott ofAmericans organize a boycott of
Montgomery’s Public TransportationMontgomery’s Public Transportation
System in 1956System in 1956
African AmericansAfrican Americans
carpooled, tookcarpooled, took
taxis, or walked totaxis, or walked to
avoid taking the busavoid taking the bus
After a year, the cityAfter a year, the city
of Montgomery wasof Montgomery was
ordered to end itsordered to end its
segregation policysegregation policyAfrican Americans carpooling during the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1956African Americans carpooling during the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1956
13. A leader emergesA leader emerges
The person who led the Montgomery BusThe person who led the Montgomery Bus
Boycott was a Baptist minister from Atlanta.Boycott was a Baptist minister from Atlanta.
His name was Martin Luther King, Jr.His name was Martin Luther King, Jr.
The boycott of the busingThe boycott of the busing
system of Montgomery gainedsystem of Montgomery gained
King national prominenceKing national prominence MLK leaving a bus after the boycott endsMLK leaving a bus after the boycott ends
14. Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Born in Atlanta, GABorn in Atlanta, GA
• Southern Baptist MinisterSouthern Baptist Minister
• Led Montgomery BusLed Montgomery Bus
BoycottBoycott
• Leader of the Civil RightsLeader of the Civil Rights
MovementMovement
• Often compared to Mohandas GandhiOften compared to Mohandas Gandhi
• Advocated non-violent protestsAdvocated non-violent protests
• Urged followers to disobey unjustUrged followers to disobey unjust
lawslaws
• Was arrested 30 timesWas arrested 30 times
15. . . . there comes a. . . there comes a
time when peopletime when people
get tired of beingget tired of being
trampled over bytrampled over by
the iron feet ofthe iron feet of
oppressionoppression..
…… I want it to be known that weI want it to be known that we’re going’re going
to work with grim and bold determinationto work with grim and bold determination
to gain justice on the buses in this city.to gain justice on the buses in this city.
And we are not wrong... -- MLKAnd we are not wrong... -- MLK
King following his first arrestKing following his first arrest
Martin Luther King:Martin Luther King:
A powerful speakerA powerful speaker
16. Types of ProtestsTypes of Protests
• MarchesMarches
• Sit-insSit-ins
• Freedom RidersFreedom Riders
17. Civil Rights MarchesCivil Rights Marches
Marches were the mostMarches were the most
common form ofcommon form of
protests used during theprotests used during the
Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement
Protestors would marchProtestors would march
peacefully in attempt topeacefully in attempt to
draw national attentiondraw national attention
for their causefor their cause
18. Sit-insSit-ins
Blacks were deniedBlacks were denied
service at lunch countersservice at lunch counters
They sat at the counter untilThey sat at the counter until
they were served or arrestedthey were served or arrested
Sit-ins raised the awarenessSit-ins raised the awareness
of the discrimination thatof the discrimination that
was occurringwas occurring
Students who participatedStudents who participated
in the sit-ins refused toin the sit-ins refused to
become violentbecome violent
19. Freedom RidersFreedom Riders
Blacks and whitesBlacks and whites
traveled into the South totraveled into the South to
draw attention to thedraw attention to the
SouthSouth’s segregation of’s segregation of
bus terminalsbus terminals
When Freedom RidersWhen Freedom Riders
arrived at various citiesarrived at various cities
in the South, whitein the South, white
mobs attacked themmobs attacked them
20.
21. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTTHE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Key eventsKey events
of theof the
CivilCivil
RightsRights
MovementMovement
22. Leaders of Civil Rights MovementLeaders of Civil Rights Movement
Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.
Medgar EversMedgar Evers
Malcolm XMalcolm X
Stokley Carmichae
Stokley Carmichael
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks
23. ““WE SHALL OVERCOME”WE SHALL OVERCOME”
““We ShallWe Shall
Overcome”Overcome”
became the battlebecame the battle
cry of the Civilcry of the Civil
Rights MovementRights Movement
Protestors often sangProtestors often sang
the song during civilthe song during civil
rights marchesrights marches
24. Civil RightsCivil Rights
OrganizationsOrganizations
NAACP
NAACP SCLC
SCLC
SNCC
SNCC CORE
CORE
National Association
National Association
for the Advancement
for the Advancement
of Colored People
of Colored People
Southern Christian
Southern Christian
Leadership Council
Leadership Council
Student Non-violent
Student Non-violent
Coordinating Committee
Coordinating Committee
Congress of Racial
Congress of Racial
Equality
Equality
25. Odyssey of Emmitt TillOdyssey of Emmitt Till
Emmitt TillEmmitt Till
Emmitt Till was a 14-year-old from ChicagoEmmitt Till was a 14-year-old from Chicago
whose murder in 1955 made national newswhose murder in 1955 made national news
Till was lynched and murdered after he saidTill was lynched and murdered after he said
““bye baby” to a white woman who was thebye baby” to a white woman who was the
cashier at a store while visiting hiscashier at a store while visiting his
cousin in Money, Mississippicousin in Money, Mississippi
26. Ending school segregationEnding school segregation
In 1957, a federal courtIn 1957, a federal court
ordered the integration ofordered the integration of
Little Rock Central HighLittle Rock Central High
Arkansas Governor OrvilleArkansas Governor Orville
Faubus sent in the NationalFaubus sent in the National
Guard toGuard to “keep the peace”“keep the peace”
The local NAACP pickedThe local NAACP picked
out nine African Americansout nine African Americans
to attend the schoolto attend the school
On their first attempt to enterOn their first attempt to enter
the school, the black studentsthe school, the black students
were denied entrancewere denied entrance
27. Ending school segregationEnding school segregation
The Little Rock NineThe Little Rock Nine
U.S. President DwightU.S. President Dwight
D. Eisenhower called inD. Eisenhower called in
federal troops tofederal troops to
enforce the Supremeenforce the Supreme
Court rulingCourt ruling
Only one of theOnly one of the “Little Rock Nine”“Little Rock Nine”
graduated, but the incident raisedgraduated, but the incident raised
national awareness about thenational awareness about the
discrimination in the Southdiscrimination in the South
28. James Meredith enters Ole MissJames Meredith enters Ole Miss
Ending school segregationEnding school segregation
James Meredith is deniedJames Meredith is denied
admission into Ole Missadmission into Ole Miss
President Kennedy sendsPresident Kennedy sends
500 federal marshals to500 federal marshals to
escort Meredith and makeescort Meredith and make
sure he was allowed tosure he was allowed to
attended classesattended classes
29. Wallace fights segregationWallace fights segregation
Ending school segregationEnding school segregation
"The President wants us to"The President wants us to
surrender this state to Martinsurrender this state to Martin
Luther King and his group ofLuther King and his group of
pro-Communists who havepro-Communists who have
instituted theseinstituted these
Alabama governor GeorgeAlabama governor George
Wallace blocks theWallace blocks the
entrance to keep two blackentrance to keep two black
students from enrolling atstudents from enrolling at
the University of Alabamathe University of Alabama
PresidentPresident
KennedyKennedy
sends federalsends federal
marshals tomarshals to
enforce theenforce the
federal lawfederal law
George WallaceGeorge Wallace
30. Violence in BirminghamViolence in Birmingham
At marches in Alabama,At marches in Alabama,
Birmingham police chiefBirmingham police chief
Bull Connor used fire hosesBull Connor used fire hoses
and attack dogs to preventand attack dogs to prevent
people from marchingpeople from marching
The incidentThe incident
raised nationalraised national
awarenessawareness
about theabout the
discriminationdiscrimination
in the Southin the South
31. Violence in BirminghamViolence in Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, wasBirmingham, Alabama, was
regarded as the most segregatedregarded as the most segregated
city in the Southcity in the South
Because of all the bombings inBecause of all the bombings in
the city, Birmingham wasthe city, Birmingham was
nicknamednicknamed “Bombingham”“Bombingham”
The bombing of the 16The bombing of the 16thth
Street Baptist ChurchStreet Baptist Church
killed four innocent girlskilled four innocent girls
32. Mississippi Burning murdersMississippi Burning murders
Michael SchwernerMichael Schwerner James ChaneyJames Chaney Andrew GoodmanAndrew Goodman
In the summer of 1964, dubbedIn the summer of 1964, dubbed
-Freedom Summer - three civil rights-Freedom Summer - three civil rights
workers came up missing in, Mississippiworkers came up missing in, Mississippi
Weeks later, they were found deadWeeks later, they were found dead
after having been killed by membersafter having been killed by members
of the Ku Klux Klanof the Ku Klux Klan
33. March on WashingtonMarch on Washington
To support to President KennedyTo support to President Kennedy’s Civil Rights bill,’s Civil Rights bill,
Martin Luther King, Jr., organized a massive march onMartin Luther King, Jr., organized a massive march on
Washington, D.C., as a show of support for the billWashington, D.C., as a show of support for the bill
On August 28,On August 28,
1963, more1963, more
than 200,000than 200,000
demonstratorsdemonstrators
gatheredgathered
peacefully atpeacefully at
the nationthe nation’s’s
capitalcapital
34. MLK:MLK: “I have a dream”“I have a dream”
It was during the March onIt was during the March on
Washington in 1963 thatWashington in 1963 that
Martin Luther King, Jr., gaveMartin Luther King, Jr., gave
hishis “I Have a Dream” speech“I Have a Dream” speech
Dr. King presented hisDr. King presented his
dream of freedom anddream of freedom and
equality for all Americansequality for all Americans
The March on WashingtonThe March on Washington
and Martin Luther Kingand Martin Luther King’s’s
speech helped to lead to the…speech helped to lead to the…
35. Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964
Despite strong oppositionDespite strong opposition
from Southern senators,from Southern senators,
President Lyndon B.President Lyndon B.
Johnson got Congress toJohnson got Congress to
pass the billpass the bill
Law gave Congress power toLaw gave Congress power to
outlaw segregation in mostoutlaw segregation in most
public places; gave minoritiespublic places; gave minorities
equal access to facilities suchequal access to facilities such
as restaurants and theatersas restaurants and theaters
36. 2424thth
AmendmentAmendment
The 24The 24thth
Amendment, ratified inAmendment, ratified in
1964, helped to guarantee the1964, helped to guarantee the
right to vote for Africanright to vote for African
AmericansAmericansIt abolishedIt abolished
poll taxes,poll taxes,
which werewhich were
fees thatfees that
had to behad to be
paid inpaid in
order toorder to
vote invote in
nationalnational
SNCC and SCLCSNCC and SCLC
increased theirincreased their
voter registrationvoter registration
drives in the Southdrives in the South
38. Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965
"By the way, what's the big word?"
The violence in SelmaThe violence in Selma
infuriated President Johnsoninfuriated President Johnson
and led to the federaland led to the federal
government to step in againgovernment to step in again
Johnson to propose a newJohnson to propose a new
voting rights law and, in earlyvoting rights law and, in early
August, the Voting Rights ActAugust, the Voting Rights Act
of 1965 was signed into lawof 1965 was signed into law
It authorized the Attorney General to send federalIt authorized the Attorney General to send federal
examiners to register qualified voters by bypassing localexaminers to register qualified voters by bypassing local
officials who tried to keep blacks from votingofficials who tried to keep blacks from voting
39. Movement takes a different directionMovement takes a different direction
40. Malcolm X
Malcolm X was the Civil Rights MovementMalcolm X was the Civil Rights Movement
leader who advocated the use of violence toleader who advocated the use of violence to
gain African American rightsgain African American rights
He was assassinated in 1965 afterHe was assassinated in 1965 after
abandoning the beliefs of Black Panthersabandoning the beliefs of Black Panthers
41. The Black PanthersThe Black Panthers
The Black PanthersThe Black Panthers
were the groupwere the group
during the Civilduring the Civil
Rights MovementRights Movement
that urged Africanthat urged African
Americans to fightAmericans to fight
for their rightsfor their rights
The Black Panthers were led by formerThe Black Panthers were led by former
SNCC leader Stokley CarmichaelSNCC leader Stokley Carmichael
42. Martin Luther King assassinatedMartin Luther King assassinated
Tragedy struck on AprilTragedy struck on April
4, 1968, when Martin4, 1968, when Martin
Luther King wasLuther King was
assassinatedassassinated
King was in Memphis,King was in Memphis,
Tenn., for a march forTenn., for a march for
Sanitation WorkersSanitation Workers
TheThe
assassination ofassassination of
Martin LutherMartin Luther
King marked theKing marked the
end of the civilend of the civil
rights movementrights movement
43. Although the CivilAlthough the Civil
Rights MovementRights Movement
focuses on Africanfocuses on African
American rights, otherAmerican rights, other
groups fight for theirgroups fight for their
rightsrights
Latinos made strides with leadersLatinos made strides with leaders
such as Corky Gonzales and Cesarsuch as Corky Gonzales and Cesar
Chavez.Chavez.
We also see the start of civil rightsWe also see the start of civil rights
movements for Native Americans,movements for Native Americans,
women, and gays and lesbians.women, and gays and lesbians.