4th amendment
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This document discusses search and seizure laws under the 4th Amendment in schools. It explains that schools can search and seize students' possessions if there is "reasonable suspicion" according to a Supreme Court case. The document then discusses factors considered for what constitutes a reasonable search or seizure, such as how dangerous the item searched for is and how reliable the information prompting the search was. It provides an example of a case where a strip search of a student for Tylenol was deemed unreasonable.
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4th Amendment Search
This document discusses search and seizure laws under the 4th Amendment in schools. It explains that schools can search and seize students' possessions if there is reasonable suspicion, a lower standard than probable cause. Reasonable suspicion depends on factors like how dangerous the item sought is, how reliable the tip was, and how severe the privacy invasion was. The document provides an example of a Supreme Court case where a strip search of a student for Tylenol was found to be unreasonable and discusses debate questions about search policies in schools.
Search And Sezuire Powerpoint
The document discusses the importance of the Fourth Amendment and its protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. It provides examples of what constitutes a reasonable versus unreasonable search in both public and private schools. A reasonable search in public schools requires probable cause, a warrant, or reasonable suspicion of violation of law or school rules. Random searches of purses, lockers, and drug testing of students involved in extracurricular activities have generally been allowed. Private school students have no constitutional protections against searches.
US Case Law
1) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier established that public school administrators can censor student newspapers if they have educational reasons. The principal's removal of articles on divorce and pregnancy from the school paper was found to be justified.
2) New Jersey v. T.L.O. determined that the Fourth Amendment applies to searches by school officials but a lower standard of "reasonable suspicion" rather than probable cause is required. A search of a student's purse that revealed marijuana was deemed reasonable.
3) Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, finding that segregated facilities did not necessarily violate the 14th Amendment as long as
GRPS Student Search & Seizure
This document summarizes the legal standards for searching students and their property according to the 4th Amendment. School officials generally do not need a warrant but must have reasonable suspicion for a search to be legal. Lockers are considered school property and can be searched without suspicion. Personal items like bags and phones require reasonable suspicion that is justified and limited in scope. Strip searches of students are prohibited by the discussed school district policy.
Nj v tlo
The vice principal searched a student's purse after she denied smoking in the bathroom. He found cigarettes, rolling papers, marijuana, bags, money, and a list of who she was selling drugs to. The lower court ruled this was a legal search. The student argued the continued search violated her 4th amendment rights once cigarettes were found. The Supreme Court sided with the school, giving administrators more freedom to search students to keep schools safe. This impacted later cases by allowing broader student searches.
2.1 day 4 ppt
The Supreme Court has interpreted the rights of the accused through several key decisions. These include establishing that reasonable search and seizure is allowed with probable cause, prohibiting double jeopardy, ensuring due process, and adhering to stare decisis. The 4th Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, and the exclusionary rule prohibits illegally obtained evidence in court. Students have limited privacy rights in school under the 4th Amendment.
NJ v. T.L.O.
The Supreme Court case of New Jersey v. T.L.O established that the 4th Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures in public schools. It determined that a school principal searching a student's purse after suspecting her of smoking in the bathroom was reasonable given evidence found, and did not violate the Constitution. The ruling balanced students' rights with allowing searches by school officials reasonably suspecting a student has broken rules or laws.
Court Case 1
School Law - Educational Law & Policies - Litigation Law - Privacy Law - Employment Law - Court Cases - Educational Leadership -William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
Recommended
4th Amendment Search
This document discusses search and seizure laws under the 4th Amendment in schools. It explains that schools can search and seize students' possessions if there is reasonable suspicion, a lower standard than probable cause. Reasonable suspicion depends on factors like how dangerous the item sought is, how reliable the tip was, and how severe the privacy invasion was. The document provides an example of a Supreme Court case where a strip search of a student for Tylenol was found to be unreasonable and discusses debate questions about search policies in schools.
Search And Sezuire Powerpoint
The document discusses the importance of the Fourth Amendment and its protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. It provides examples of what constitutes a reasonable versus unreasonable search in both public and private schools. A reasonable search in public schools requires probable cause, a warrant, or reasonable suspicion of violation of law or school rules. Random searches of purses, lockers, and drug testing of students involved in extracurricular activities have generally been allowed. Private school students have no constitutional protections against searches.
US Case Law
1) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier established that public school administrators can censor student newspapers if they have educational reasons. The principal's removal of articles on divorce and pregnancy from the school paper was found to be justified.
2) New Jersey v. T.L.O. determined that the Fourth Amendment applies to searches by school officials but a lower standard of "reasonable suspicion" rather than probable cause is required. A search of a student's purse that revealed marijuana was deemed reasonable.
3) Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, finding that segregated facilities did not necessarily violate the 14th Amendment as long as
GRPS Student Search & Seizure
This document summarizes the legal standards for searching students and their property according to the 4th Amendment. School officials generally do not need a warrant but must have reasonable suspicion for a search to be legal. Lockers are considered school property and can be searched without suspicion. Personal items like bags and phones require reasonable suspicion that is justified and limited in scope. Strip searches of students are prohibited by the discussed school district policy.
Nj v tlo
The vice principal searched a student's purse after she denied smoking in the bathroom. He found cigarettes, rolling papers, marijuana, bags, money, and a list of who she was selling drugs to. The lower court ruled this was a legal search. The student argued the continued search violated her 4th amendment rights once cigarettes were found. The Supreme Court sided with the school, giving administrators more freedom to search students to keep schools safe. This impacted later cases by allowing broader student searches.
2.1 day 4 ppt
The Supreme Court has interpreted the rights of the accused through several key decisions. These include establishing that reasonable search and seizure is allowed with probable cause, prohibiting double jeopardy, ensuring due process, and adhering to stare decisis. The 4th Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, and the exclusionary rule prohibits illegally obtained evidence in court. Students have limited privacy rights in school under the 4th Amendment.
NJ v. T.L.O.
The Supreme Court case of New Jersey v. T.L.O established that the 4th Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures in public schools. It determined that a school principal searching a student's purse after suspecting her of smoking in the bathroom was reasonable given evidence found, and did not violate the Constitution. The ruling balanced students' rights with allowing searches by school officials reasonably suspecting a student has broken rules or laws.
Court Case 1
School Law - Educational Law & Policies - Litigation Law - Privacy Law - Employment Law - Court Cases - Educational Leadership -William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
Edu.law.wk4.assign2
The document discusses student freedoms and the limitations of searches and seizures in schools. It reviews several Supreme Court cases related to student searches. The key points are: 1) Searches must be based on reasonable suspicion of a violation of law or school rules to be constitutional; 2) Strip searches require a higher level of suspicion than other searches; 3) Random drug testing of student athletes has been upheld by the Supreme Court as constitutional. The document recommends changes to state laws regarding student searches to provide clearer guidelines and more training for school staff.
Juveniles at the or the case study about drug searches.docx
This document discusses two Supreme Court cases related to the legal rights of juveniles. The first case, New Jersey v. T.L.O., established that school officials can search students based on reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause. However, a later case, Safford Unified School District v. Redding, found that a strip search of a student was unreasonable without evidence she had hidden pills in her underwear. The document also discusses a case study about violent flash mobs of juveniles at an upscale shopping district in Kansas City and the police response of increasing patrols and implementing a youth curfew. It notes the complex relationship between police and juveniles and importance of understanding this to curb youth violence.
Relating Projects to Student Interest
1. The document provides examples of alternative assignment options for students to learn about Supreme Court cases in a more engaging manner, such as creating videos or PowerPoint presentations.
2. The examples focus on the Supreme Court case T.L.O v. New Jersey and cover the key details of the case, such as the facts of the incident, the constitutional issues around search and seizure, and the court's ruling.
3. The document emphasizes that interactive assignments help students retain information better compared to traditional worksheets, and that teachers should strive to make lessons both informative and enjoyable.
C:\Fakepath\New J V Tlo
The Supreme Court case New Jersey v. T.L.O established that searches of students by school officials need only be reasonable rather than requiring probable cause. A 14-year-old student was caught smoking on school grounds, leading an assistant principal to search her purse and find drug paraphernalia. The student argued the search violated her 4th Amendment rights, but the Court ruled in a majority opinion that school officials have more flexibility in searches than police to ensure school safety. A concurring opinion noted students have less protection than adults, while a dissent argued probable cause should still be required for searches. The ruling gave school officials broader discretion to search students without warrants to maintain a safe learning environment.
Examples Of Probable Cause
This document discusses the legal standards of probable cause and reasonable suspicion as they relate to law enforcement. It provides examples of situations that demonstrate probable cause and reasonable suspicion. Specifically, it describes a case where an officer observed two men appearing to case a store, which provided reasonable suspicion to stop them. It also discusses how traffic stops require probable cause, such as observing a traffic violation. The document explains that probable cause is needed to search a vehicle during a traffic stop if an officer smells marijuana or suspects other illegal activity beyond the traffic violation.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Privacy Issues PPT.
This document discusses the Texas Open Meetings Act, which guarantees public access to government meetings and records. It requires school board meetings be open to the public, with limited exceptions for closed sessions. It also outlines requirements for notice of meetings, record keeping, and subjects that can be discussed in open versus closed sessions. The document then contrasts the right to know of citizens with individuals' right to privacy, and how laws like FERPA protect student privacy rights while still allowing parental access to records. It discusses limits on student privacy rights in schools due to the need to maintain order and safety.
New Jersey V T L O Powerpoint
T.L.O., a 14-year-old girl, was accused of smoking in the girls' bathroom at her high school in violation of school rules. She was sent to the Assistant Vice Principal's office, where he searched her bag and found marijuana, drug paraphernalia, money, and notes implicating T.L.O. in drug dealing. T.L.O. argued the search violated her Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable search and seizure. The Supreme Court ultimately ruled 6-3 that the search was reasonable under the circumstances and did not require a warrant or probable cause. School officials can search students based on reasonable suspicion of rule or law violation.
4th Amendment Supreme Court Case Analysis New Jersey.pdf
The Supreme Court case New Jersey v. T.L.O. from 1985 established that students have limited 4th Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures in school. The case involved a high school student named T.L.O. whose purse was searched by school officials after she was accused of smoking in the bathroom. While lower courts had ruled in T.L.O.'s favor, finding her rights were violated, the Supreme Court ultimately ruled 6-3 that the search was reasonable and did not violate her rights due to the special circumstances of schools. This decision still impacts how students' personal belongings can be searched by school officials today.
4th Amendment Supreme Court Case Analysis New Jersey.pdf
The Supreme Court case New Jersey v. T.L.O. from 1985 established that students have limited 4th Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures in school. The case involved a high school student named T.L.O. whose purse was searched by school officials after she was accused of smoking in the bathroom. While lower courts had ruled in T.L.O.'s favor, finding her rights were violated, the Supreme Court ultimately ruled 6-3 that the search was reasonable and did not violate her rights due to the special circumstances of schools. This decision still impacts how students' personal belongings can be searched by school officials today.
Student Searches Ppt
School officials may conduct searches of students and their belongings if they have reasonable suspicion that the student possesses contraband or violated a rule. This was established in New Jersey v. T.L.O., where the Supreme Court reversed an earlier ruling that a student's purse search violated the Fourth Amendment. Sniffer dogs can be used to detect drugs in lockers and vehicles but cannot sniff students directly. Random drug testing of student athletes has also been upheld as constitutional by the Supreme Court as a means to detect and prevent drug use. Schools must notify students and parents about random search policies through student conduct codes in order to balance safety with protecting civil liberties.
S T U D E N T S E A R C H E S P P T
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In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Student Searches
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, School Law, Drug Testing, Student Dress and Grooming, Search and Seizure in Public Schools, Privacy Issues, Due Process, Discrimination, Diversity, Legal Procedures, Rights of Students and Employees
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Dr. Kritsonis has served in professorial roles at Central Washington University, Washington; Salisbury State University, Maryland; Northwestern State University, Louisiana; McNeese State University, Louisiana; Wright State University, Ohio; and Louisiana State University (LSU) at Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is Professor of Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University a Member of the Texas A&M University System. He teaches in the newly established Doctor of Philosophy Program in Educational Leadership in the Whitlowe R. Green College of Education. Dr. Kritsonis taught the Inaugural class session in the PhD program at the start of the fall 2004 academic year. In October 2006, Dr. Kritsonis chaired the first student to graduate and earn a PhD in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University. He lives in Houston, Texas.
2004 โ Present PROFESSOR (Tenured)
Prairie View A&M University
PhD Program in Educational Leadership
The Whitlowe R. Green College of Education
Prairie View, Texas 77446
(Member of the Texas A&M University System)
Student Searches Ppt - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of โAmericaโs Best Colleges.โ
Student Searches
School officials may conduct searches of students and their belongings if they have reasonable suspicion that the student possesses illegal or prohibited items. This was established in the Supreme Court case New Jersey v. T.L.O., which ruled that a student's purse could be searched based on suspicion of cigarette smoking. Searches must be reasonable in scope and conducted privately. Drug-sniffing dogs may be used to detect contraband in lockers but cannot sniff students directly. Random drug testing of student athletes has also been upheld by courts as constitutional. Schools have an important interest in student safety and preventing drug use.
P R I V A C Y I S S U E S
About Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Remarks by Jennifer Butcher
August 22nd 2008
I have the privilege of introducing Dr. William Allan Kritsonis. Dr. Kritsonis earned a Bachelorโs degree from Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. He earned his Masterโs in Education from Seattle Pacific University and his PhD from the University of Iowa. He also was a Visiting Scholar at both Columbia University in New York, and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Dr. Kritsonis has served education as a teacher, principal, and superintendent of schools. He has earned tenure as a professor at the highest academic rank at two major universities. He was also a professor at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.
In 2004, Dr. Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies.
In 2005, Dr. Kritsonis was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table in the University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
Dr. Kritsonis is a well respected author of more than 500 articles in professional journals and several books. In 1983, Dr. Kritsonis founded the NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS. These publications represent a group of highly respected academic journals in education.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is a Professor in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership here at Prairie View A&M University. At PV he has helped graduate students publish over 400 articles in professional journals and most are indexed in ERIC.
Dr. Kritsonis has dedicated himself to the advancement of educational leadership and to the education of students at all levels.
On July 26th this summer, Dr. Kritsonis was inducted into the William H. Parker Hall of Honor. He was nominated by doctoral and masterโs degree students at Prairie View. It is my pleasure to welcome Dr. William Allan Kritsonis.
Privacy Issues
This document discusses the rights to privacy and rights to know for communities, educators, and students. It covers laws like the Texas Open Meetings Act, Texas Public Information Act, and Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. While communities have a right to know about government workings, certain private information of individuals is protected. Educators' work computers and files are not private. Schools can search students if there is reasonable suspicion but full privacy rights do not apply. Educators can take legal action for defamation affecting their reputation or occupation. The rights to know and privacy must be balanced carefully in schools.
Eadm 16 310 072 St Rts
This document discusses the legal authority of principals and teachers to search students and their property. It examines relevant court cases and legislation around reasonable search and seizure, students' charter rights, and implications of violating those rights through unlawful searches. The key takeaways are that searches must be reasonable in inception and scope, students have rights to privacy but schools also have an obligation to ensure safety, and any evidence obtained through unreasonable searches may be ruled inadmissible.
Eadm 16 310 072 St Rts
This document discusses the legal authority of principals and teachers to search students and their property. It examines relevant court cases and legislation regarding reasonable search and seizure, students' charter rights, and implications of violating those rights through unlawful searches. The key takeaways are that searches must be reasonable in inception and scope, students have rights to privacy but not in school property, and evidence obtained through unreasonable searches may be inadmissible.
Vernonia School Districtt
The Vernonia School District instituted a policy of random drug testing for student athletes after seeing an increase in drug use among students. James Acton was denied participation in football for refusing to consent to the testing. Acton and his parents sued, claiming the policy violated the 4th Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court ultimately ruled that the school district's policy was constitutional because students have reduced privacy rights and schools have a duty to care for minors' well-being.
Coloradofederalgovernment Revised
The document compares and contrasts the preambles and structures of government between the Colorado and U.S. Constitutions. Both preambles share similar language around forming a more perfect government and promoting general welfare. The structures are also similar, with three branches of government and a governor/president as head. However, the Colorado Constitution has more conditions for removal of state judges, such as becoming 72 years old, conviction of a crime, or decision by voters or a disciplinary commission. It also differs in that governors appoint judges to vacancies from nominees selected by citizens, rather than requiring "advice and consent" from the legislative branch as with federal judges.
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The document compares and contrasts the preambles and structures of government between the US Constitution and the Colorado Constitution.
Specifically, it notes that the preambles of both constitutions share similar language around forming a more perfect union, establishing justice, ensuring domestic tranquility, providing common defense, promoting general welfare, and securing blessings of liberty. However, the Colorado Constitution additionally references reverence for the Supreme Ruler of the Universe and forming a more independent government.
It also describes how the structures of the federal and Colorado governments are similar, with three branches, but the governor serves as the head of Colorado state government analogous to the president. The document then focuses on key differences between the two regarding judicial appointments and removal
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Edu.law.wk4.assign2
The document discusses student freedoms and the limitations of searches and seizures in schools. It reviews several Supreme Court cases related to student searches. The key points are: 1) Searches must be based on reasonable suspicion of a violation of law or school rules to be constitutional; 2) Strip searches require a higher level of suspicion than other searches; 3) Random drug testing of student athletes has been upheld by the Supreme Court as constitutional. The document recommends changes to state laws regarding student searches to provide clearer guidelines and more training for school staff.
Juveniles at the or the case study about drug searches.docx
This document discusses two Supreme Court cases related to the legal rights of juveniles. The first case, New Jersey v. T.L.O., established that school officials can search students based on reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause. However, a later case, Safford Unified School District v. Redding, found that a strip search of a student was unreasonable without evidence she had hidden pills in her underwear. The document also discusses a case study about violent flash mobs of juveniles at an upscale shopping district in Kansas City and the police response of increasing patrols and implementing a youth curfew. It notes the complex relationship between police and juveniles and importance of understanding this to curb youth violence.
Relating Projects to Student Interest
1. The document provides examples of alternative assignment options for students to learn about Supreme Court cases in a more engaging manner, such as creating videos or PowerPoint presentations.
2. The examples focus on the Supreme Court case T.L.O v. New Jersey and cover the key details of the case, such as the facts of the incident, the constitutional issues around search and seizure, and the court's ruling.
3. The document emphasizes that interactive assignments help students retain information better compared to traditional worksheets, and that teachers should strive to make lessons both informative and enjoyable.
C:\Fakepath\New J V Tlo
The Supreme Court case New Jersey v. T.L.O established that searches of students by school officials need only be reasonable rather than requiring probable cause. A 14-year-old student was caught smoking on school grounds, leading an assistant principal to search her purse and find drug paraphernalia. The student argued the search violated her 4th Amendment rights, but the Court ruled in a majority opinion that school officials have more flexibility in searches than police to ensure school safety. A concurring opinion noted students have less protection than adults, while a dissent argued probable cause should still be required for searches. The ruling gave school officials broader discretion to search students without warrants to maintain a safe learning environment.
Examples Of Probable Cause
This document discusses the legal standards of probable cause and reasonable suspicion as they relate to law enforcement. It provides examples of situations that demonstrate probable cause and reasonable suspicion. Specifically, it describes a case where an officer observed two men appearing to case a store, which provided reasonable suspicion to stop them. It also discusses how traffic stops require probable cause, such as observing a traffic violation. The document explains that probable cause is needed to search a vehicle during a traffic stop if an officer smells marijuana or suspects other illegal activity beyond the traffic violation.
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This document discusses the Texas Open Meetings Act, which guarantees public access to government meetings and records. It requires school board meetings be open to the public, with limited exceptions for closed sessions. It also outlines requirements for notice of meetings, record keeping, and subjects that can be discussed in open versus closed sessions. The document then contrasts the right to know of citizens with individuals' right to privacy, and how laws like FERPA protect student privacy rights while still allowing parental access to records. It discusses limits on student privacy rights in schools due to the need to maintain order and safety.
New Jersey V T L O Powerpoint
T.L.O., a 14-year-old girl, was accused of smoking in the girls' bathroom at her high school in violation of school rules. She was sent to the Assistant Vice Principal's office, where he searched her bag and found marijuana, drug paraphernalia, money, and notes implicating T.L.O. in drug dealing. T.L.O. argued the search violated her Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable search and seizure. The Supreme Court ultimately ruled 6-3 that the search was reasonable under the circumstances and did not require a warrant or probable cause. School officials can search students based on reasonable suspicion of rule or law violation.
4th Amendment Supreme Court Case Analysis New Jersey.pdf
The Supreme Court case New Jersey v. T.L.O. from 1985 established that students have limited 4th Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures in school. The case involved a high school student named T.L.O. whose purse was searched by school officials after she was accused of smoking in the bathroom. While lower courts had ruled in T.L.O.'s favor, finding her rights were violated, the Supreme Court ultimately ruled 6-3 that the search was reasonable and did not violate her rights due to the special circumstances of schools. This decision still impacts how students' personal belongings can be searched by school officials today.
4th Amendment Supreme Court Case Analysis New Jersey.pdf
The Supreme Court case New Jersey v. T.L.O. from 1985 established that students have limited 4th Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures in school. The case involved a high school student named T.L.O. whose purse was searched by school officials after she was accused of smoking in the bathroom. While lower courts had ruled in T.L.O.'s favor, finding her rights were violated, the Supreme Court ultimately ruled 6-3 that the search was reasonable and did not violate her rights due to the special circumstances of schools. This decision still impacts how students' personal belongings can be searched by school officials today.
Student Searches Ppt
School officials may conduct searches of students and their belongings if they have reasonable suspicion that the student possesses contraband or violated a rule. This was established in New Jersey v. T.L.O., where the Supreme Court reversed an earlier ruling that a student's purse search violated the Fourth Amendment. Sniffer dogs can be used to detect drugs in lockers and vehicles but cannot sniff students directly. Random drug testing of student athletes has also been upheld as constitutional by the Supreme Court as a means to detect and prevent drug use. Schools must notify students and parents about random search policies through student conduct codes in order to balance safety with protecting civil liberties.
S T U D E N T S E A R C H E S P P T
Doctor of Humane Letters
In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Student Searches
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Dr. Kritsonis has served in professorial roles at Central Washington University, Washington; Salisbury State University, Maryland; Northwestern State University, Louisiana; McNeese State University, Louisiana; Wright State University, Ohio; and Louisiana State University (LSU) at Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is Professor of Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University a Member of the Texas A&M University System. He teaches in the newly established Doctor of Philosophy Program in Educational Leadership in the Whitlowe R. Green College of Education. Dr. Kritsonis taught the Inaugural class session in the PhD program at the start of the fall 2004 academic year. In October 2006, Dr. Kritsonis chaired the first student to graduate and earn a PhD in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University. He lives in Houston, Texas.
2004 โ Present PROFESSOR (Tenured)
Prairie View A&M University
PhD Program in Educational Leadership
The Whitlowe R. Green College of Education
Prairie View, Texas 77446
(Member of the Texas A&M University System)
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In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of โAmericaโs Best Colleges.โ
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School officials may conduct searches of students and their belongings if they have reasonable suspicion that the student possesses illegal or prohibited items. This was established in the Supreme Court case New Jersey v. T.L.O., which ruled that a student's purse could be searched based on suspicion of cigarette smoking. Searches must be reasonable in scope and conducted privately. Drug-sniffing dogs may be used to detect contraband in lockers but cannot sniff students directly. Random drug testing of student athletes has also been upheld by courts as constitutional. Schools have an important interest in student safety and preventing drug use.
P R I V A C Y I S S U E S
About Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Remarks by Jennifer Butcher
August 22nd 2008
I have the privilege of introducing Dr. William Allan Kritsonis. Dr. Kritsonis earned a Bachelorโs degree from Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. He earned his Masterโs in Education from Seattle Pacific University and his PhD from the University of Iowa. He also was a Visiting Scholar at both Columbia University in New York, and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Dr. Kritsonis has served education as a teacher, principal, and superintendent of schools. He has earned tenure as a professor at the highest academic rank at two major universities. He was also a professor at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.
In 2004, Dr. Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies.
In 2005, Dr. Kritsonis was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table in the University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
Dr. Kritsonis is a well respected author of more than 500 articles in professional journals and several books. In 1983, Dr. Kritsonis founded the NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS. These publications represent a group of highly respected academic journals in education.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is a Professor in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership here at Prairie View A&M University. At PV he has helped graduate students publish over 400 articles in professional journals and most are indexed in ERIC.
Dr. Kritsonis has dedicated himself to the advancement of educational leadership and to the education of students at all levels.
On July 26th this summer, Dr. Kritsonis was inducted into the William H. Parker Hall of Honor. He was nominated by doctoral and masterโs degree students at Prairie View. It is my pleasure to welcome Dr. William Allan Kritsonis.
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This document discusses the rights to privacy and rights to know for communities, educators, and students. It covers laws like the Texas Open Meetings Act, Texas Public Information Act, and Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. While communities have a right to know about government workings, certain private information of individuals is protected. Educators' work computers and files are not private. Schools can search students if there is reasonable suspicion but full privacy rights do not apply. Educators can take legal action for defamation affecting their reputation or occupation. The rights to know and privacy must be balanced carefully in schools.
Eadm 16 310 072 St Rts
This document discusses the legal authority of principals and teachers to search students and their property. It examines relevant court cases and legislation around reasonable search and seizure, students' charter rights, and implications of violating those rights through unlawful searches. The key takeaways are that searches must be reasonable in inception and scope, students have rights to privacy but schools also have an obligation to ensure safety, and any evidence obtained through unreasonable searches may be ruled inadmissible.
Eadm 16 310 072 St Rts
This document discusses the legal authority of principals and teachers to search students and their property. It examines relevant court cases and legislation regarding reasonable search and seizure, students' charter rights, and implications of violating those rights through unlawful searches. The key takeaways are that searches must be reasonable in inception and scope, students have rights to privacy but not in school property, and evidence obtained through unreasonable searches may be inadmissible.
Vernonia School Districtt
The Vernonia School District instituted a policy of random drug testing for student athletes after seeing an increase in drug use among students. James Acton was denied participation in football for refusing to consent to the testing. Acton and his parents sued, claiming the policy violated the 4th Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court ultimately ruled that the school district's policy was constitutional because students have reduced privacy rights and schools have a duty to care for minors' well-being.
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Coloradofederalgovernment Revised
The document compares and contrasts the preambles and structures of government between the Colorado and U.S. Constitutions. Both preambles share similar language around forming a more perfect government and promoting general welfare. The structures are also similar, with three branches of government and a governor/president as head. However, the Colorado Constitution has more conditions for removal of state judges, such as becoming 72 years old, conviction of a crime, or decision by voters or a disciplinary commission. It also differs in that governors appoint judges to vacancies from nominees selected by citizens, rather than requiring "advice and consent" from the legislative branch as with federal judges.
Coloradofederalgovernment
The document compares and contrasts the preambles and structures of government between the US Constitution and the Colorado Constitution.
Specifically, it notes that the preambles of both constitutions share similar language around forming a more perfect union, establishing justice, ensuring domestic tranquility, providing common defense, promoting general welfare, and securing blessings of liberty. However, the Colorado Constitution additionally references reverence for the Supreme Ruler of the Universe and forming a more independent government.
It also describes how the structures of the federal and Colorado governments are similar, with three branches, but the governor serves as the head of Colorado state government analogous to the president. The document then focuses on key differences between the two regarding judicial appointments and removal
Supply power point
This document provides an overview of supply, including the definition of supply, the law of supply, differences between supply and quantity supplied, supply schedules, supply curves, factors that can cause supply curves to shift, and elasticity of supply. The key points are:
- Supply is the willingness and ability of sellers to produce and offer goods for sale. The law of supply states that quantity supplied increases as price increases and decreases as price decreases.
- A supply schedule shows quantity supplied at different price levels while a supply curve graphs this relationship. Supply curves typically slope upward but some are vertical.
- Factors like resource prices, technology, taxes, subsidies, quotas, number of sellers, and weather can cause supply
Demand Notes
Demand is defined as the willingness and ability to purchase a good. The quantity demanded refers to the actual number of units purchased at a given price. The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. A demand schedule shows the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and can be represented graphically as a demand curve. A shift in the demand curve indicates a change in demand, whereas a movement along the curve represents a change in quantity demanded in response to a price change. Factors that can cause demand to shift include changes in income, preferences, prices of related goods, and the number of consumers.
Economic goals
The document outlines six main economic goals: economic freedom, economic equity, economic efficiency, economic security, economic stability, and economic growth. It provides definitions and examples for each goal. Economic freedom involves individual choice in work and spending. Economic equity centers on fairness and redistribution. Economic efficiency means fulfilling needs with minimal waste. Economic security protects against risks like illness. Economic stability aims for sustained growth without large fluctuations. Economic growth is a sustained rise in production, as measured by GDP, which improves standards of living.
Revised U2 Notes
The document provides background information on U.S. imperialism in the late 19th/early 20th century. It discusses several reasons for U.S. imperialism, including global competition with European powers, a desire to expand markets and obtain naval bases, and beliefs in cultural and racial superiority. It also outlines some of America's early imperialist acquisitions like Alaska, Hawaii, and Samoa. The document then discusses U.S. expansion into Asia through events like the Spanish-American War and America's growing influence in China.
Types of Government
This document describes different types of governments. It outlines economic models like capitalism, socialism, and communism. It then explains various political structures for governing a state, including autocracy (monarchy, dictatorship), democracy (representative democracy, direct democracy), oligarchy, totalitarianism, theocracy, and anarchy. Each system is briefly defined in one or two sentences. The document aims to categorize and define the primary forms of government that exist worldwide.
Unit 7 civil rights
The Civil Rights Movement sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key events and figures included the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments granting rights to freed slaves after the Civil War but being undermined by the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson Supreme Court decision establishing "separate but equal". Brown v Board of Education in 1954 ruled segregation unconstitutional. The Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK Jr. and various protests including sit-ins and marches promoted civil rights. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act were passed after violent confrontations drew national attention to discrimination.
Modern american history ppp
Nixon was elected president in 1968. His presidency was marred by the Watergate scandal, which eventually led to his resignation in 1974. In the late 1970s, the US faced crises like the Iran hostage crisis and rising gas prices due to OPEC embargoes. Ronald Reagan was elected in 1980 on a platform of conservative policies and cutting taxes. His presidency saw an economic recovery and military buildup against the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Leaders organizations
The document summarizes several prominent civil rights organizations that were leaders during the Civil Rights Movement:
- The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) engaged in sit-ins and protests in the early 1960s and helped organize Freedom Rides and Freedom Summer to break down legal barriers facing Black Americans.
- The NAACP, founded in 1909, used litigation to challenge racial discrimination and helped integrate public accommodations, though some members had to work secretly due to retaliation.
- The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), founded by Martin Luther King Jr., used nonviolent direct action to desegregate public facilities but struggled after King opposed the Vietnam War.
- The Student Nonviolent Co
Unit 7 civil rights
The civil rights movement sought to end segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key events and figures included the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments granting rights to freed slaves after the Civil War but were undermined by the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson Supreme Court decision establishing "separate but equal". Brown v Board of Education in 1954 ruled segregation unconstitutional. The Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK Jr began in 1955 after Rosa Parks' arrest. Sit-ins and freedom rides continued non-violent protests. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act were passed after violent events like Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama.
The cold war
The Cold War was the period of tension and conflict between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1980. Major crises during this time included the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and construction of the Berlin Wall. Though the US and USSR were allies in World War 2, their relationship was never truly friendly due to deep distrust that existed even before the war. This distrust stemmed from their opposing political ideologies of capitalism versus communism and led to a strategic competition where the two superpowers vied for influence through proxy wars around the world without direct military conflict.
Wolrd War II
This document summarizes the key events leading up to America's involvement in World War II, beginning with the rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe and Asia in the early 20th century. It then discusses the expansionist actions of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and militarist Japan in the 1930s, as well as America's initial isolationism. After Germany invaded Poland in 1939, starting WWII in Europe, the document outlines America's increasing support for Britain through Lend-Lease and its entry into the war following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.
Opposition to the_new_deal
The document summarizes opposition to FDR's New Deal programs during the 1930s. There were three main forms of opposition: 1) some felt the New Deal did not go far enough to help the poor, led by figures like Huey Long, Francis Townsend, and Father Coughlin; 2) others in the business community and Republican Party felt the New Deal was too interventionist and undermined free markets; 3) the Supreme Court struck down some New Deal programs as unconstitutional until FDR's court-packing scheme led the court to become less obstructionist.
Colorado federalgovernment
The document compares and contrasts the constitutions of Colorado and the United States. Both constitutions share similar preambles focused on forming better government and securing individual rights and liberties. However, they differ in how judges can be removed from office and how judicial vacancies are filled. Colorado judges can be removed for reasons like misconduct, disability or reaching age 72, while federal judges have lifetime tenure barring misconduct. Additionally, the US President nominates federal judges subject to Senate approval, whereas Colorado's governor appoints from nominees selected by citizens to initially fill vacancies.
Colorado federalgovernment
This document compares and contrasts aspects of the Colorado and U.S. Constitutions. Both constitutions share similar preambles focused on forming better government and securing rights and liberties. However, they differ in how judges are selected and retained. Under the U.S. Constitution, federal judges retain their positions for life unless removed for bad behavior. Colorado judges can be removed for bad behavior, conviction of a crime, or reaching age 72. Additionally, Colorado governors appoint state judges from citizen-nominated candidates rather than requiring Senate approval like for federal judges.
U4notes
Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented his New Deal program to pull the United States out of the Great Depression. The New Deal established programs like the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, and Tennessee Valley Authority. It provided relief, recovery, and reform across many areas of the economy and society through jobs programs, regulation of banks and industry, and development projects. The Hundred Days period saw the rapid passage of 15 major bills establishing these new agencies and reforms.
Influencing public agenda
Letters to officials, letter-writing campaigns, petitions, email and phone campaigns, and demonstrations are options for influencing the public agenda. Letters are read by officials and their staff to gauge public opinion, and should clearly state the issue and position. Letter-writing campaigns can have greater impact by generating many letters. Petitions are like letters but with many signatures to demonstrate support. Email and phone calls are also tracked by officials. Demonstrations can draw media attention but risk public backlash if disruptive or violent.
U2 notestimeline
1) The document discusses America's emergence as a world power in the late 19th/early 20th century and provides reasons for U.S. imperialism including global competition, cultural superiority, naval bases, and new markets.
2) It examines specific acquisitions and wars including the Spanish-American War, which gave the U.S. colonies in the Caribbean and Pacific, and involvement in Asia, Latin America, and events leading up to WWI.
3) Key factors that pushed the U.S. onto the global stage included a desire to compete with European powers, expand influence, and gain new economic opportunities through trade and resources from foreign territories.
Wwi life abroad
The United States entered World War I in April 1917 with a small and unprepared army of only 200,000 soldiers. Trench warfare along the Western Front in Belgium and France had resulted in a stalemate, as both sides were dug into elaborate trench systems and employing new technologies like machine guns, barbed wire, artillery, and gas to attack the other side without much territorial gain. Over 4.5 million American men and 11,000 women eventually served, with 400,000 African American soldiers also called to duty. The newly arriving American troops played a critical role in helping turn the tide of a German offensive near Paris in spring 1918. By November 11, 1918, Germany agreed to an armistice, ending the war
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(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
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๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
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A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the bodyโs response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
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For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
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4th amendment
- 1. Search and Seizure Civics October 20th
- 4. Other ways you can be seized
- 5. Warrants
- 7. What does that look like in schools? Courts have reduced the burden on the government to justify searches and seizures on school grounds. In New Jersey v. T.L.O. the Supreme Court said that a school can search and seize studentsโ possessions if there is โreasonable suspicion.โ WHAT THE HECK IS THAT?
- 9. What is โreasonableโ? Is the item the school is searching for really dangerous? How reliable is the information? How badly was the personโs privacy invaded? Example: In 2009, a middle school student was asked to undress so school officials could search her for Tylenol based on another studentโs unconfirmed tip. The Supreme Court decided this was not reasonable because the drug was not all that dangerous, the information was not that detailed, and the intrusion on the studentโs privacy was severe. (Strafford v. Redding)
- 10. Discussion Why is there reduced burden in schools? Do you agree? Are there other places, like airports, were it also makes sense to give the government leeway to search people and property?
- 11. Ticket Out the Door The Strafford case was about strip-search โ the most intrusive type of search. Under what circumstances, if ever, do you think a school can constitutionally make a person undress to be searched?