Unit 6: Prehistory - Human Evolution
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GemaThe document summarizes human evolution from early hominids to modern humans. It discusses how the first hominids originated in Africa and the Rift Valley. Key changes in human evolution included walking upright, brain development, reduction in jaw and tooth size, development of opposable thumbs and flat feet, and eventually the development of language. Several important early human species are mentioned, including Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens sapiens. Tools from different time periods associated with these species are also listed.
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human evolution
1. The document summarizes key aspects of human evolution, including the earliest hominins that originated in Africa 6-7 million years ago and the appearance of modern humans around 200,000 years ago.
2. Key hominin species discussed are Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens. Major adaptations include bipedalism, increased brain size, tool use, and use of fire.
3. The timeline shows human ancestors like Homo erectus migrating from Africa around 1.8 million years ago, with Homo sapiens emerging in Africa around 195,
Australopithecus
Australopithecus was an early hominin genus that evolved in eastern Africa around 4 million years ago. They stood between 1.2 to 1.4 meters tall and had brains that were about 35% the size of modern humans. Australopithecus was bipedal and ate fruits, vegetables, and tubers. One species of Australopithecus is believed to have evolved into the genus Homo around 2 million years ago in Africa, playing an important role in human evolution.
Birth of civilization
This document provides an overview of the emergence and development of early civilizations. It discusses how approximately 10,000 years ago, humans began cultivating plants and herding animals, allowing some to live sedentary lives. Around 5,000 years ago, humans learned to control river waters, enabling richer harvests and population growth. The earliest civilizations formed in river valleys, inventing practices like writing, metalworking, cities, complex religions, and social hierarchies. The document then examines specific early civilizations like the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Israelites in greater detail.
Levels of archaeological theory illustrated 2
The document discusses different levels of archaeological theory from low to high level and post-processual critique. Low-level focuses on describing and classifying data through observation. Middle-level examines function through experimental archaeology and ethnoarchaeology. High-level aims to explain through cultural materialism and processual approaches. Post-processual critique rejects cultural evolutionary generalizations, universal laws, and the processual emphasis on objectivity, adaptation, and etic phenomena.
Hominids & Skills
Hominids are a group that includes humans and their closest relatives. As the African tropical forest retreated due to the Ice Age, some primates adapted to walking upright on two feet (bipedalism) which allowed them to see further, travel more efficiently, and use their hands. The earliest hominids were called Australopithecines including "Lucy". Later, Homo habilis emerged around 2 million years ago and were the first to make stone tools. Homo erectus also appeared then and were the first to control fire and build more complex tools. Around 100,000 years ago Homo sapiens emerged and migrated out of Africa, developing early signs of culture.
The difference between a presentation and a power point show
It is said that there are 30 million PowerPoint shows every day around the world, we would argue that few are presentations. Why? Look here...
Earliest human societies
This document provides an overview of early human societies from prehistory to around 2500 BCE. It discusses the evolution of early hominids in Africa like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and the emergence of Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens developed language and bigger brains, allowing them to migrate throughout Africa and Eurasia. The document then covers the Paleolithic period, where humans lived as hunter-gatherers, and the Neolithic period, where the agricultural revolution occurred and led to more permanent settlements and the rise of social hierarchies.
Hominid Evolution
This document summarizes theories of human evolution from early hominids to modern humans. It discusses that:
- Bipedalism first emerged in hominids 4-1 million years ago, allowing use of hands and adaptation to grassland environments. Early tools date to 2.5 million years ago.
- Brain size increased over time, reaching 1000cc in Homo erectus and 1350cc in modern humans. This facilitated tool use, language, and other cognitive abilities.
- Two competing theories for modern human origins are presented - the multiregional hypothesis of evolving in multiple regions from Homo erectus, versus the recent "Out of Africa" hypothesis of descending from a single African
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human evolution
1. The document summarizes key aspects of human evolution, including the earliest hominins that originated in Africa 6-7 million years ago and the appearance of modern humans around 200,000 years ago.
2. Key hominin species discussed are Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens. Major adaptations include bipedalism, increased brain size, tool use, and use of fire.
3. The timeline shows human ancestors like Homo erectus migrating from Africa around 1.8 million years ago, with Homo sapiens emerging in Africa around 195,
Australopithecus
Australopithecus was an early hominin genus that evolved in eastern Africa around 4 million years ago. They stood between 1.2 to 1.4 meters tall and had brains that were about 35% the size of modern humans. Australopithecus was bipedal and ate fruits, vegetables, and tubers. One species of Australopithecus is believed to have evolved into the genus Homo around 2 million years ago in Africa, playing an important role in human evolution.
Birth of civilization
This document provides an overview of the emergence and development of early civilizations. It discusses how approximately 10,000 years ago, humans began cultivating plants and herding animals, allowing some to live sedentary lives. Around 5,000 years ago, humans learned to control river waters, enabling richer harvests and population growth. The earliest civilizations formed in river valleys, inventing practices like writing, metalworking, cities, complex religions, and social hierarchies. The document then examines specific early civilizations like the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Israelites in greater detail.
Levels of archaeological theory illustrated 2
The document discusses different levels of archaeological theory from low to high level and post-processual critique. Low-level focuses on describing and classifying data through observation. Middle-level examines function through experimental archaeology and ethnoarchaeology. High-level aims to explain through cultural materialism and processual approaches. Post-processual critique rejects cultural evolutionary generalizations, universal laws, and the processual emphasis on objectivity, adaptation, and etic phenomena.
Hominids & Skills
Hominids are a group that includes humans and their closest relatives. As the African tropical forest retreated due to the Ice Age, some primates adapted to walking upright on two feet (bipedalism) which allowed them to see further, travel more efficiently, and use their hands. The earliest hominids were called Australopithecines including "Lucy". Later, Homo habilis emerged around 2 million years ago and were the first to make stone tools. Homo erectus also appeared then and were the first to control fire and build more complex tools. Around 100,000 years ago Homo sapiens emerged and migrated out of Africa, developing early signs of culture.
The difference between a presentation and a power point show
It is said that there are 30 million PowerPoint shows every day around the world, we would argue that few are presentations. Why? Look here...
Earliest human societies
This document provides an overview of early human societies from prehistory to around 2500 BCE. It discusses the evolution of early hominids in Africa like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and the emergence of Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens developed language and bigger brains, allowing them to migrate throughout Africa and Eurasia. The document then covers the Paleolithic period, where humans lived as hunter-gatherers, and the Neolithic period, where the agricultural revolution occurred and led to more permanent settlements and the rise of social hierarchies.
Hominid Evolution
This document summarizes theories of human evolution from early hominids to modern humans. It discusses that:
- Bipedalism first emerged in hominids 4-1 million years ago, allowing use of hands and adaptation to grassland environments. Early tools date to 2.5 million years ago.
- Brain size increased over time, reaching 1000cc in Homo erectus and 1350cc in modern humans. This facilitated tool use, language, and other cognitive abilities.
- Two competing theories for modern human origins are presented - the multiregional hypothesis of evolving in multiple regions from Homo erectus, versus the recent "Out of Africa" hypothesis of descending from a single African
Homo Ergaster
O Homo ergaster viveu no Pleistoceno na África, Europa, Ásia e Oceania, pesando cerca de 60 quilos e medindo 1,6 a 1,7 metros. Eles eram onívoros e tinham quadris adaptados para longas caminhadas, uma capacidade craniana média de 900 cm3 e possivelmente usavam ferramentas de pedra e controle do fogo.
Unit 6 human evolution a
1. The document summarizes human evolution from early hominins to modern humans. It describes several key hominin species that evolved between 6-2 million years ago including Australopithecus afarensis and early species of Homo.
2. Homo habilis and Homo erectus are identified as early species of the genus Homo that began walking fully upright and using simple stone tools between 2-1 million years ago.
3. Later species discussed include Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo floresiensis. Modern humans, Homo sapiens, are identified as emerging in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
Sources of history by bushra memon
The document discusses different types of sources that help historians understand history. Material sources include artifacts from the past that can provide information about ancient life. Written sources consist of inscriptions and literature from various periods. Oral sources are folk songs and tales passed down through generations without being written. Together, material, written, and oral sources help historians reconstruct events and understand different historical periods.
DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPT OF HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
This document discusses various definitions of historical archaeology proposed by scholars over time. It notes there is no consensus definition as scholars emphasize different aspects of the field in their definitions. Earlier definitions focused on archaeology combined with written historical records, but this excluded non-literate societies. More recent definitions emphasize a multidisciplinary approach, global cultural interactions, and use of multiple lines of evidence rather than just written records. No single definition fully captures the diversity of the field.
human evolution
This document outlines the timeline of human evolution from early primate ancestors 6 million years ago to modern humans. It describes key species in our evolution like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens. Australopithecus was the first hominin genus to walk upright around 4 million years ago in Africa. Homo habilis evolved around 2.5 million years ago and were the first to use stone tools. Homo erectus emerged around 1.8 million years ago in Africa and was the first hominin to migrate out of Africa. Modern humans, Homo sapiens, evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago with larger brains and lighter
Old archaeology, processual archaeology and post processual archaelogy
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Human evolution
This document summarizes the evolution of hominids from early species like Homo habilis and Australopithecus afarensis to modern humans. Key findings include evidence that Homo erectus were the first hominids to use fire, the discovery of Lucy showed early hominids were bipedal 3.2 million years ago, and the Laetoli footprints proved even earlier hominids walked upright 3.6 million years ago. The document outlines several Homo species that preceded Homo sapiens and traces modern human origins to around 195,000 years ago in Africa, from which all humans migrated and descended from a single female.
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1.1 - Human Origins In Africa
The document discusses early evidence of human origins in Africa, including 3.6 million year old footprints that showed upright walking, and the 1974 discovery of the fossilized remains of "Lucy" dating to 3.2 million years ago which also exhibited upright walking. It notes the advantages of upright walking include freeing the hands while walking and increased energy efficiency, though it makes childbirth more difficult. Later hominid skulls and brains increased in size over time, with Australopithecus having a brain size of around 500 cubic cm compared to modern humans' 1400 cubic cm, showing the importance of brain development to human dominance.
Homo Neanderthalensis
The Neanderthal was an extinct species that lived in Europe and western Asia from 230,000 to 28,000 years ago. They co-existed with early modern humans known as Cro-Magnon for approximately 5,000 years, as evidenced by fossils found in Châtelperron caves. Neanderthals had short, robust bodies adapted to cold environments, with wide pelvises, short limbs, and prominent facial features including low brows and no chin. They lived in organized social groups and knew how to use fire and make tools from bones and stones.
Using nvivo to tell the story, the power of coding
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The Australopithecines- Anthropology
A brief and concise presentation about the early faces of Man during the early times. A historical presentation about the discoveries and excavations of the early hominids.
Maurizio Tosi - What is Archaeology
Archaeology is the systematic scientific study of past human cultures through the recovery and analysis of artifacts. The goal is to answer questions about how humans lived, including what they ate, where they lived, their social structures, technologies, and more. Archaeologists recover artifacts through excavation and analyze them using various scientific techniques to reconstruct past lifeways and cultures. Key aspects of archaeology include it being question-driven, systematic in its recovery and analysis of artifacts, and focused on understanding past human behaviors and cultures.
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens originated in Africa, likely Ethiopia or Zambia, around 200,000 years ago. They migrated throughout the world and were the first humans. Homo sapiens spent their time gathering plants, hunting animals, and cooking food. They lived in tribes and exchanged goods. Homo sapiens had changing environments and built shelters from branches, leaves, and tree bark. They developed tools from stone, bone, and antlers to hunt, gather food, and craft items.
The Old Stone Age
Part 1 of the Stone Ages.
Covers early man through Mesolithic Era.
Concentrates on hunter-gatherers and early migration.
All images were found using google search. I do not own any of them.
Hominizacion
El proceso de hominización comenzó hace entre 7 y 5,5 millones de años con especies como Sahelanthropus y Ardipithecus que presentaban características de bipedismo. Luego evolucionaron especies como Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus y Homo heidelbergensis con mayor capacidad craneal y uso de herramientas de piedra. Finalmente surgieron Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens y Homo floresiensis, siendo nuestra especie la que se extendió por todo el planeta.
What is archaeology
Archaeology is the study of ancient civilizations through their remains and artifacts. Archaeologists excavate sites to learn about how people lived in the past. They search carefully in a grid system, record the location of any finds, and analyze artifacts in a lab. With permission, they dig at places like middens, which were ancient trash dumps that contain clues about the past through flakes and other remnants. By piecing together fossils and artifacts, archaeologists can reconstruct life in periods before written history.
Early Civilizations
Early civilizations developed along major river valleys, where surplus food allowed for other occupations. Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China saw advances in irrigation, farming tools, and trade. Egyptian society stratified into social classes led by pharaohs and nobles. Hammurabi established one of the first legal codes, influencing modern law. Egyptians excelled at architecture, art, and trade under Queen Hatshepsut and Ramses the Great. The Kush civilization in Nubia influenced and was influenced by Egypt over centuries.
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Earliest Human Societies
The document provides an overview of human history from early hominids to the development of civilization. It discusses that the earliest hominids appeared in East Africa over 3 million years ago. During the Paleolithic Age, humans evolved and spread throughout the world as hunter-gatherers. The Neolithic Age saw the development of agriculture, which led to permanent settlements and the beginnings of private property and specialized labor, laying the foundations for civilization. Early civilizations emerged along major river valleys, where irrigation supported intensive agriculture. The Bronze Age followed the use of soft metals, while the Iron Age began around 1500 BC with the smelting of iron, advancing technology and warfare.
3. Human Evolution
- The document discusses human evolution from early primates to modern humans. It describes key developments like bipedalism, increasing brain size, use of tools and fire, and cultural evolution.
- Early primates like tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises evolved around 58 million years ago. Monkeys emerged around 35 million years ago and the first hominids around 6 million years ago.
- Adaptations for tree-dwelling included grasping hands and feet, stereoscopic vision, and long limbs. Bipedalism evolved in early hominids like Australopithecus as an adaptation for life on the ground.
Evolution of Homo sepiens
Human evolution began about 6 million years ago in Africa and involves changes that occurred over many generations in early human populations. Key developments included bipedalism, increasing brain size, use of tools, and the emergence of Homo sapiens around 300,000 years ago in Africa. The study of human evolution uses evidence from fossils, genetics, and other scientific disciplines to understand these anatomical and physiological changes.
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Homo Ergaster
O Homo ergaster viveu no Pleistoceno na África, Europa, Ásia e Oceania, pesando cerca de 60 quilos e medindo 1,6 a 1,7 metros. Eles eram onívoros e tinham quadris adaptados para longas caminhadas, uma capacidade craniana média de 900 cm3 e possivelmente usavam ferramentas de pedra e controle do fogo.
Unit 6 human evolution a
1. The document summarizes human evolution from early hominins to modern humans. It describes several key hominin species that evolved between 6-2 million years ago including Australopithecus afarensis and early species of Homo.
2. Homo habilis and Homo erectus are identified as early species of the genus Homo that began walking fully upright and using simple stone tools between 2-1 million years ago.
3. Later species discussed include Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo floresiensis. Modern humans, Homo sapiens, are identified as emerging in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
Sources of history by bushra memon
The document discusses different types of sources that help historians understand history. Material sources include artifacts from the past that can provide information about ancient life. Written sources consist of inscriptions and literature from various periods. Oral sources are folk songs and tales passed down through generations without being written. Together, material, written, and oral sources help historians reconstruct events and understand different historical periods.
DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPT OF HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
This document discusses various definitions of historical archaeology proposed by scholars over time. It notes there is no consensus definition as scholars emphasize different aspects of the field in their definitions. Earlier definitions focused on archaeology combined with written historical records, but this excluded non-literate societies. More recent definitions emphasize a multidisciplinary approach, global cultural interactions, and use of multiple lines of evidence rather than just written records. No single definition fully captures the diversity of the field.
human evolution
This document outlines the timeline of human evolution from early primate ancestors 6 million years ago to modern humans. It describes key species in our evolution like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens. Australopithecus was the first hominin genus to walk upright around 4 million years ago in Africa. Homo habilis evolved around 2.5 million years ago and were the first to use stone tools. Homo erectus emerged around 1.8 million years ago in Africa and was the first hominin to migrate out of Africa. Modern humans, Homo sapiens, evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago with larger brains and lighter
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Human evolution
This document summarizes the evolution of hominids from early species like Homo habilis and Australopithecus afarensis to modern humans. Key findings include evidence that Homo erectus were the first hominids to use fire, the discovery of Lucy showed early hominids were bipedal 3.2 million years ago, and the Laetoli footprints proved even earlier hominids walked upright 3.6 million years ago. The document outlines several Homo species that preceded Homo sapiens and traces modern human origins to around 195,000 years ago in Africa, from which all humans migrated and descended from a single female.
Diapositivas paleoantropologia INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TEGNOLOGiA DE ADM...
Este documento presenta una introducción a la paleoantropología. Explica que la paleoantropología es la rama de la antropología física que estudia la evolución humana a través del registro fósil de homínidos antiguos. Detalla brevemente la historia de la paleoantropología desde la antigüedad hasta la edad contemporánea y describe algunos de los principios y estructuras de esta disciplina como el actualismo biológico y la anatomía comparada. Finalmente, señala que la paleoantropología está
1.1 - Human Origins In Africa
The document discusses early evidence of human origins in Africa, including 3.6 million year old footprints that showed upright walking, and the 1974 discovery of the fossilized remains of "Lucy" dating to 3.2 million years ago which also exhibited upright walking. It notes the advantages of upright walking include freeing the hands while walking and increased energy efficiency, though it makes childbirth more difficult. Later hominid skulls and brains increased in size over time, with Australopithecus having a brain size of around 500 cubic cm compared to modern humans' 1400 cubic cm, showing the importance of brain development to human dominance.
Homo Neanderthalensis
The Neanderthal was an extinct species that lived in Europe and western Asia from 230,000 to 28,000 years ago. They co-existed with early modern humans known as Cro-Magnon for approximately 5,000 years, as evidenced by fossils found in Châtelperron caves. Neanderthals had short, robust bodies adapted to cold environments, with wide pelvises, short limbs, and prominent facial features including low brows and no chin. They lived in organized social groups and knew how to use fire and make tools from bones and stones.
Using nvivo to tell the story, the power of coding
Are you manually coding all or part of your research data? Are you analyzing large volumes of text? See how NVivo can speed up the coding process giving you the ability to efficiently and effectively review and refine your research data.
The Australopithecines- Anthropology
A brief and concise presentation about the early faces of Man during the early times. A historical presentation about the discoveries and excavations of the early hominids.
Maurizio Tosi - What is Archaeology
Archaeology is the systematic scientific study of past human cultures through the recovery and analysis of artifacts. The goal is to answer questions about how humans lived, including what they ate, where they lived, their social structures, technologies, and more. Archaeologists recover artifacts through excavation and analyze them using various scientific techniques to reconstruct past lifeways and cultures. Key aspects of archaeology include it being question-driven, systematic in its recovery and analysis of artifacts, and focused on understanding past human behaviors and cultures.
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens originated in Africa, likely Ethiopia or Zambia, around 200,000 years ago. They migrated throughout the world and were the first humans. Homo sapiens spent their time gathering plants, hunting animals, and cooking food. They lived in tribes and exchanged goods. Homo sapiens had changing environments and built shelters from branches, leaves, and tree bark. They developed tools from stone, bone, and antlers to hunt, gather food, and craft items.
The Old Stone Age
Part 1 of the Stone Ages.
Covers early man through Mesolithic Era.
Concentrates on hunter-gatherers and early migration.
All images were found using google search. I do not own any of them.
Hominizacion
El proceso de hominización comenzó hace entre 7 y 5,5 millones de años con especies como Sahelanthropus y Ardipithecus que presentaban características de bipedismo. Luego evolucionaron especies como Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus y Homo heidelbergensis con mayor capacidad craneal y uso de herramientas de piedra. Finalmente surgieron Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens y Homo floresiensis, siendo nuestra especie la que se extendió por todo el planeta.
What is archaeology
Archaeology is the study of ancient civilizations through their remains and artifacts. Archaeologists excavate sites to learn about how people lived in the past. They search carefully in a grid system, record the location of any finds, and analyze artifacts in a lab. With permission, they dig at places like middens, which were ancient trash dumps that contain clues about the past through flakes and other remnants. By piecing together fossils and artifacts, archaeologists can reconstruct life in periods before written history.
Early Civilizations
Early civilizations developed along major river valleys, where surplus food allowed for other occupations. Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China saw advances in irrigation, farming tools, and trade. Egyptian society stratified into social classes led by pharaohs and nobles. Hammurabi established one of the first legal codes, influencing modern law. Egyptians excelled at architecture, art, and trade under Queen Hatshepsut and Ramses the Great. The Kush civilization in Nubia influenced and was influenced by Egypt over centuries.
Ethnic groups and religious groups africa
This document discusses the differences between ethnic groups and religious groups in Africa. It provides examples of some of the main ethnic groups found on the continent - Arabs, Ashanti, Bantu, and Swahili. Each ethnic group is generally associated with certain religious beliefs and geographic regions. While ethnic groups share language, culture and ancestry, religious groups share belief systems but may include different ethnicities.
Earliest Human Societies
The document provides an overview of human history from early hominids to the development of civilization. It discusses that the earliest hominids appeared in East Africa over 3 million years ago. During the Paleolithic Age, humans evolved and spread throughout the world as hunter-gatherers. The Neolithic Age saw the development of agriculture, which led to permanent settlements and the beginnings of private property and specialized labor, laying the foundations for civilization. Early civilizations emerged along major river valleys, where irrigation supported intensive agriculture. The Bronze Age followed the use of soft metals, while the Iron Age began around 1500 BC with the smelting of iron, advancing technology and warfare.
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Similar to Unit 6: Prehistory - Human Evolution
3. Human Evolution
- The document discusses human evolution from early primates to modern humans. It describes key developments like bipedalism, increasing brain size, use of tools and fire, and cultural evolution.
- Early primates like tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises evolved around 58 million years ago. Monkeys emerged around 35 million years ago and the first hominids around 6 million years ago.
- Adaptations for tree-dwelling included grasping hands and feet, stereoscopic vision, and long limbs. Bipedalism evolved in early hominids like Australopithecus as an adaptation for life on the ground.
Evolution of Homo sepiens
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Evolution is a process that results in changes that are passed on or inherited from generation, which help organisms survive, reproduce, and raise offspring. These changes become common throughout a population, leading to new species.
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This species was bipedal, fully erect, and capable of grasping tools and weapons with its forearms. These fossil specimens have a larger brain size of 600 cubic centimeters (37 cubic inches), as well as a jaw and tooth size more akin to modern humans.
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- Major hominin species such as Sahelanthropus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens.
- Key biological evolutionary processes like natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin that led to changes in hominin genetics and traits over generations.
- The development of cultural evolution in humans marked by changes in way of life, including tool usage, language, group living, culture, and the Neolithic agricultural revolution.
Unit 5 prehistory theory
Prehistory is divided into three main periods - the Palaeolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages. The Palaeolithic, which began over 2 million years ago, saw the emergence and evolution of early humans from primate ancestors in Africa. Key hominid species that developed over this time include Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo antecessor, Neanderthals, and Homo sapiens. Neanderthals and Homo sapiens existed side by side in Europe for thousands of years before Neanderthals went extinct. The Neolithic began around 9000 BC when early humans adopted agriculture and settled in villages. During the Metal Ages beginning around 5000 BC, humans began using
Milestone of human evolution
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies. He formulated his theory privately in 1837-1839 after returning from a voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, and published On the Origin of Species in 1859, which has deeply influenced Western society and thought. Primates including humans evolved from earlier species like Australopithecus afarensis, which lived 3.85-2.95 million years ago in Eastern Africa and had characteristics of both apes and humans. Later species such as Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthals, and Homo sapiens exhibited increasingly human-like traits and behaviors as they adapted to
Evolution Part 2
This document discusses human evolution and the evidence from fossils that show how humans developed from early hominids. It provides a timeline of major hominid species like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens. It describes changes in anatomy that characterize human evolution like the positioning of the foramen magnum, increased brain size, flatter faces, and changes in teeth and jaw structure. The document also discusses where the oldest hominid fossils have been found, with East Africa considered the likely "cradle of humankind." Key sites in South Africa like Sterkfontein are also mentioned where many important early hominid fossils have been discovered.
Research project - human evolution
The document summarizes research on human evolution from early hominids like Australopithecus to modern Homo sapiens. It discusses topics like the incomplete fossil record, disagreements around hominid species numbers and timelines, and key species like Australopithecus afarensis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens. Comparisons are made between skeletal structures, brain sizes, and pelvises of different hominids to illustrate anatomical changes over time.
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The document discusses human biological and cultural evolution from an anthropological perspective. It covers taxonomy and how humans fit within the animal kingdom as primates. It then examines human anatomy compared to chimpanzees, including brain structure, hands, bipedalism, and other features that enabled human culture and tool use. The document also reviews early models of human origins, fossils of hominins, and trends in human evolution from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens.
Fossil Mosaic Evolution
This document discusses several hominin species from the genus Homo that existed between 2.4-1.5 million years ago, including Homo rudolfensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo heidelbergensis. It examines the connections between these species and why they are considered part of the same genus, while also touching on their cultural developments. The author aims to analyze the relationships between these later hominins in the Homo lineage.
Anthropology and oral health
https://userupload.net/69zxggv1yww1
The mouth and teeth play an important role in social interactions around the world. The way people deal with their teeth and mouth, however, is determined culturally. When oral healthcare projects are being carried out in developing countries, differing cultural worldviews can cause misunderstandings between oral healthcare providers and their patients. The oral healthcare volunteer often has to try to understand the local assumptions about teeth and oral hygiene first, before he or she can bring about a change of behaviour, increase therapy compliance and make the oral healthcare project sustainable. Anthropology can be helpful in this respect. In 2014, in a pilot project commissioned by the Dutch Dental Care Foundation, in which oral healthcare was provided in combination with anthropological research, an oral healthcare project in Kwale (Kenia) was evaluated. The study identified 6 primary themes that indicate the most important factors influencing the oral health of school children in Kwale. Research into the local culture by oral healthcare providers would appear to be an important prerequisite to meaningful work in developing countries.
Primate evolution
1) Primates first evolved around 65 million years ago and split into two main groups - one containing lemurs and lorises, and the other containing tarsiers and anthropoids like monkeys, apes and humans.
2) Early hominines like Australopithecus afarensis had adaptations for both walking upright and spending time in trees, as evidenced by fossils like "Lucy".
3) Later hominines evolved adaptations like an opposable thumb and larger brains that enabled tool use and were better suited for life on land. Fossils continue to provide new insights into human evolution but also raise new questions.
9 Early Hominins
Early hominins are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor with African apes around 6-7 million years ago. The key difference between early hominins and early apes was that hominins were habitually bipedal while apes were quadrupedal. Bipedalism provided advantages like increased efficiency and the ability to use tools. Traits like the pelvis, femur, spine and foot provide evidence of bipedalism in hominin fossils. While the fossil record is incomplete, discoveries like Australopithecus afarensis help illustrate the evolution of bipedalism before increases in brain size.
Primate Evolution
Primates have evolved over 60-65 million years from early small-bodied prosimians like lemurs and tarsiers to today's human-like anthropoids, with key adaptations including opposable thumbs, large brains, stereoscopic vision, and grasping abilities. Early hominids developed bipedalism 5-8 million years ago in the genus Australopithecus, while more modern hominids like Homo emerged and spread across Africa, Europe, and the Americas in the last 100,000-12,000 years.
Anthropological concepts of clinical orthodontics
The document discusses anthropological concepts relevant to orthodontics. It begins with an introduction to anthropology and its subfields like physical, cultural, linguistic and archaeological anthropology. It then covers evolution and theories of evolution like Lamarckism, orthogenesis and natural selection. Key topics in human evolution are discussed - evolution of the face, jaws, teeth and their attachments. Hominid evolution is outlined from early apes to Homo sapiens. Concepts in dental anthropology like indices and tooth traits are also summarized.
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- 2. Paleolithic -Human Evolution- 1) Where did the first hominids come from? The first hominids came from Africa. They came from the Rift Valley. 2) What is a hominid? A hominid is a species that looks like a human because he walks on two legs, but he is not a human.
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- 21. Laetoli footprints, (3,7 million years ago)
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- 25. Homo Erectus (1,9 – 400.000 years) Rests of acheulean tools. (Restos de herramientas achelenses)
- 26. Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis (230.000 - 40.000 years) Handaxes, scrapers, burin (buriles), points (puntas), Mousterian (Musteriense) (125.000 years ago)
- 28. Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis (230.000 - 40.000 years)
- 29. Homo Sapiens Sapiens (130.000 years ago)
- 30. Homo Sapiens Sapiens (130.000 years ago)