Charles Darwin was an English naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies. He formulated his theory privately in 1837-1839 after returning from a voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, and published On the Origin of Species in 1859, which has deeply influenced Western society and thought. Primates including humans evolved from earlier species like Australopithecus afarensis, which lived 3.85-2.95 million years ago in Eastern Africa and had characteristics of both apes and humans. Later species such as Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthals, and Homo sapiens exhibited increasingly human-like traits and behaviors as they adapted to

1. Human

2. Milestone of human evolution

3. Charles Darwin-The founder of the
modern theory of evolution

4. Charles Darwin-Charles Robert Darwin, English naturalist
whose scientific theory of evolution by natural
selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary
studies.

5. Darwin formulated his bold theory in
private in 1837–39, after returning from a
voyage around the world
aboard HMS Beagle, but it was not until
two decades later that he finally gave it
full public expression in On the Origin of
Species (1859), a book that has deeply
influenced modern Western society and
thought.

8. Primates- is what we are
primates is superfamily of homonoids
comprises in 3 familes
1. apes
2. great apes (gorillas)
3.huminids (the human and their
ancestors

9. Australophiticus

10. Australophiticus- Australopithecus
afarensis is one of the longest-lived
and best-known early human species—
paleoanthropologists have uncovered
remains from more than 300
individuals! Found between 3.85 and
2.95 million years ago in Eastern Africa

11. Au. afarensis had both ape and human
characteristics: members of this species
had apelike face proportions (a flat nose, a
strongly projecting lower jaw) and
braincase (with a small brain, usually less
than 500 cubic centimeters -- about 1/3
the size of a modern human brain), and
long, strong arms with curved fingers
adapted for climbing trees.

12. Adaptation for prelanguage- or non-
verbal skills. This are the ways in
which we communicate without usig
words.

13. Homo Habilis

14. Homo Habilis- This species, one of the earliest
members of the genus Homo, has a slightly larger
braincase and smaller face and teeth than
in Australopithecus or older hominin species. But
it still retains some ape-like features,
including long arms and a moderately-
prognathicface.
Its name, which means ‘handy man’, was given in
1964 because this species was thought to
represent the first maker of stone tools.

15. Homo Erectus

16. Homo Erectus- Early African Homo erectus fossils
(sometimes called Homo ergaster) are the oldest
known early humans to have possessed modern
human-like body proportions with relatively
elongated legs and shorter arms compared to the
size of the torso
. These features are considered adaptations to a
life lived on the ground, indicating the loss of
earlier tree-climbing adaptations, with the ability
to walk and possibly run long distances.

17. Homo neanderthals

18. Homo neanderthals- Neanderthals (the ‘th’
pronounced as ‘t’) are our closest extinct human
relative. Some defining features of their skulls
include the large middle part of the face, angled
cheek bones, and a huge nose for humidifying and
warming cold, dry air.
Their bodies were shorter and stockier than ours,
another adaptation to living in cold environments.
But their brains were just as large as ours and
often larger - proportional to their brawnier
bodies.

19. Homo Sapiens

20. Homo Sapiens- The species that you and all
other living human beings on this planet
belong to is Homo sapiens. During a time of
dramatic climate change 300,000 years
ago, Homo sapiensevolved in Africa.
Like other early humans that were living at
this time, they gathered and hunted food,
and evolved behaviors that helped them
respond to the challenges of survival in
unstable environments.

22. Neolitic-a period in the
development of human technology.
Paleolithic- a period of human
prehistory distinguished by the
original development of stone
tools.

23. Articulate speech- able to express ideas
clearly and effectively.
Full-fledged- fully develop or meeting all
the necessary requirements to be
something.
Pre-Indo- European language- refers to the
linguistic reconstruction of the
hypothetical common ancestor of the
language. It is the most widely spoken
language in the world.

24. Language as an
evolutionary product

25. Evolution has no goals and no ultimate products, it is just
the natural outcome of inherited variability linked to
variable survival and reproduction.

26. Certainly we are unique and special on
planet Earth, being the only animal to
acquire a reasoning mind, which is a whole
new ball game and opens up so many new
possibilities. No doubt we would continue
to evolve naturally, though nobody could
predict the exact directions.

27. However we are already able to amplify
our natural abilities (clothes, cars, planes,
rockets, computers...) and will soon be
able to control our own genetic evolution
as well. So in that sense we are certainly
just a step, though in future we will be
directing the steps.

28. Thank you......